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1.
Granja AT Popescu A Marques AR Sá-Correia I Fialho AM 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2007,76(6):1319-1327
Sphingomonas elodea ATCC 31461 synthesizes in high yield the exopolysaccharide gellan, which is a water-soluble gelling agent with many applications.
In this study, we describe the cloning and sequence analysis of the ugdG gene, encoding a UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (47.2 kDa; UDPG-DH; EC 1.1.1.22), required for the synthesis of the gellan gum
precursor UDP-glucuronic acid. UgdG protein shows homology to members of the UDP-glucose/GDP-mannose dehydrogenase superfamily.
The Neighbor-Joining method was used to determine phylogenetic relationships among prokaryotic and eukaryotic UDPG-DHs. UgdG
from S. elodea and UDPG-DHs from Novosphingobium, Zymomonas, Agrobacterium, and Caulobacter species form a divergent phylogenetic group with a close evolutionary relationship with eukaryotic UDPG-DHs. The ugdG gene was recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli with and N-terminal 6-His tag and purified for biochemical characterization. The enzyme has an optimum temperature and pH
of 37°C and 8.7, respectively. The estimated apparent K
m values for UDP-glucose and NAD+ were 0.87 and 0.4 mM, respectively. DNA sequencing of chromosomal regions adjacent to ugdG gene and sequence similarity studies suggests that this gene maps together with others presumably involved in the biosynthesis
of S. elodea cell wall polysaccharides. 相似文献
2.
Coleman RJ Patel YN Harding NE 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2008,35(4):263-274
A cluster of genes for diutan polysaccharide synthesis was isolated from a library of Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 53159 genomic DNA by complementation of glucosyl-isoprenylphosphate transferase-deficient mutants of Sphingomonas elodea ATCC 31461 (producing gellan) and Xanthomonas campestris (producing xanthan). The synthesis of polysaccharide in these strains shares a common first step, transfer of glucose-1-phosphate
from UDP-glucose to the isoprenylphosphate lipid. The cluster of 24 genes was compared to genes for biosynthesis of gellan,
and S-88 sphingan from Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 31554. Diutan, gellan and S-88 sphingan have a common four-sugar backbone but different side chains, one rhamnose
for S-88 sphingan, a two-rhamnose side chain for diutan and no side chain for gellan. The genes for biosynthesis of diutan,
gellan and S-88 sphingan were similar in general organization but differed in location of some genes, in particular, dpsG (putative polymerase), dpsR (putative lyase) and dpsS (putative repeat unit transporter). An unidentified reading frame urf31, present in the gene clusters for diutan and S-88 sphingan but not gellan, had similarity to glycosyl transferase group 2
proteins, and was detrimental when cloned in Sphingomonas elodea producing gellan that lacks a side chain, but not in Sphingomonas ATCC 31554 producing S-88 sphingan with a rhamnose side chain. Gene urf31 could possibly encode a side-chain rhamnosyl transferase. Another gene urf31.4 was unique to the diutan gene cluster. A plasmid containing 20 of the 24 genes resulted in a slight increase in the amount
of diutan produced, but a significant increase in the rheological properties of diutan. 相似文献
3.
Wu XC Chen YM Li YD Li O Zhu L Qian CD Tao XL Teng Y 《Journal of applied microbiology》2011,110(2):422-430
Aims: To improve a commercially used strain for gellan production by exogenous Vitreoscilla haemoglobin (VHb). Methods and Results: VHb gene was expressed in Sphingomonas elodea under the control of constitutive bla promoter. Biochemical activity of expressed VHb was confirmed by CO‐difference spectra analysis that exhibited a characteristic absorption maximum at 419 nm. During cultivation, not only enhanced cell growth was detected, but also 20% improvement in gellan production was observed after 48 h of incubation, with a maximum yield of 16·82 g l?1. Moreover, maximum sucrose conversion efficiency (g gellan per g sucrose) was 57·8, 20% higher than that of the parental strain. We further examined the polysaccharide production of VHb‐expressing strain at different aeration levels in Erlenmeyer flasks. Again, in all cases, a significant enhancement of gellan production was observed, and the enhancement was more significant under oxygen‐limiting conditions (up to 26·8%). Conclusions: VHb exhibited positive effect on cell growth and gellan yield of S. elodea, especially under hypoxic conditions. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first application of VHb as an effective metabolic engineering strategy in S. elodea to regulate cell growth and optimize gellan yield. 相似文献
4.
Organization of genes required for gellan polysaccharide biosynthesis in<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Sphingomonas elodea</Emphasis> ATCC 31461 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sphingomonas elodea ATCC 31461 produces gellan, a capsular polysaccharide that is useful as a gelling agent for food and microbiological media. Complementation of nonmucoid S. elodea mutants with a gene library resulted in identification of genes essential for gellan biosynthesis. A cluster of 18 genes spanning 21 kb was isolated. These 18 genes are homologous to genes for synthesis of sphingan polysaccharide S-88 from Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 31554, with predicted amino acid identities varying from 61% to 98%. Both polysaccharides have the same tetrasaccharide repeat unit, comprised of [4)--l-rhamnose-(13)--d-glucose-(14)--d-glucuronic acid-(14)--d-glucose-(1]. Polysaccharide S-88, however, has mannose or rhamnose in the fourth position and has a rhamnosyl side chain, while gellan has no sugar side chain but is modified by glyceryl and acetyl substituents. Genes for synthesis of the precursor dTDP-l-rhamnose were highly conserved. The least conserved genes in this cluster encode putative glycosyl transferases III and IV and a gene of unknown function, gelF. Three genes (gelI, gelM, and gelN) affected the amount and rheology of gellan produced. Four additional genes present in the S-88 sphingan biosynthetic gene cluster did not have homologs in the gene cluster for gellan biosynthesis. Three of these gene homologs, gelR, gelS, and gelG, were found in an operon unlinked to the main gellan biosynthetic gene cluster. In a third region, a gene possibly involved in positive regulation of gellan biosynthesis was identified. 相似文献
5.
Silva E Marques AR Fialho AM Granja AT Sá-Correia I 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2005,71(8):4703-4712
The commercial gelling agent gellan is a heteropolysaccharide produced by Sphingomonas elodea ATCC 31461. In this work, we carried out the biochemical characterization of the enzyme encoded by the first gene (rmlA) of the rml 4-gene cluster present in the 18-gene cluster required for gellan biosynthesis (gel cluster). Based on sequence homology, the putative rml operon is presumably involved in the biosynthesis of dTDP-rhamnose, the sugar necessary for the incorporation of rhamnose in the gellan repeating unit. Heterologous RmlA was purified as a fused His6-RmlA protein from extracts prepared from Escherichia coli IPTG (isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside)-induced cells, and the protein was proven to exhibit dTDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (Km of 12.0 microM for dTDP-glucose) and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (Km of 229.0 microM for UDP-glucose) activities in vitro. The N-terminal region of RmlA exhibits the motif G-X-G-T-R-X2-P-X-T, which is highly conserved among bacterial XDP-sugar pyrophosphorylases. The motif E-E-K-P, with the conserved lysine residue (K163) predicted to be essential for glucose-1-phosphate binding, was observed. The S. elodea ATCC 31461 UgpG protein, encoded by the ugpG gene which maps outside the gel cluster, was previously identified as the UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase involved in the formation of UDP-glucose, also required for gellan synthesis. In this study, we demonstrate that UgpG also exhibits dTDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity in vitro and compare the kinetic parameters of the two proteins for both substrates. DNA sequencing of ugpG gene-adjacent regions and sequence similarity studies suggest that this gene maps with others involved in the formation of sugar nucleotides presumably required for the biosynthesis of another cell polysaccharide(s). 相似文献
6.
Involvement of LeMRP,an ATP‐binding cassette transporter,in shikonin transport and biosynthesis in Lithospermum erythrorhizon
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Y. Zhu S.‐J. Chu Y.‐L. Luo J.‐Y. Fu C.‐Y. Tang G.‐H. Lu Y.‐J. Pang X.‐M. Wang R.‐W. Yang J.‐L. Qi Y.‐H. Yang 《Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)》2018,20(2):365-373
- Shikonin and its derivatives are important medicinal secondary metabolites accumulating in roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon. Although some membrane proteins have been identified as transporters of secondary metabolites, the mechanisms underlying shikonin transport and accumulation in L. erythrorhizon cells still remain largely unknown.
- In this study, we isolated a cDNA encoding LeMRP, an ATP‐binding cassette transporter from L. erythrorhizon, and further investigated its functions in the transport and biosynthesis of shikonin using the yeast transformation and transgenic hairy root methods, respectively. Real‐time PCR was applied for expression analyses of LeMRP and shikonin biosynthetic enzyme genes.
- Functional analysis of LeMRP using the heterologous yeast cell expression system showed that LeMRP could be involved in shikonin transport. Transgenic hairy roots of L. erythrorhizon demonstrated that LeMRP overexpressing hairy roots produced more shikonin than the empty vector (EV) control. Real‐time PCR results revealed that the enhanced shikonin biosynthesis in the overexpression lines was mainly caused by highly up‐regulated expression of genes coding key enzymes (LePAL, HMGR, Le4CL and LePGT) involved in shikonin biosynthesis. Conversely, LeMRP RNAi decreased the accumulation of shikonin and effectively down‐regulated expression level of the above genes. Typical inhibitors of ABC proteins, such as azide and buthionine sulphoximine, dramatically inhibited accumulation of shikonin in hairy roots.
- Our findings provide evidence for the important direct or indirect role of LeMRP in transmembrane transport and biosynthesis of shikonin.
7.
Zhu L Wu X Li O Chen Y Qian C Teng Y Tao X Gao H 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2011,38(9):1507-1513
A gene encoding phytoene desaturase (crtI) in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway of Sphingomonas elodea ATCC 31461, an industrial gellan gum-producing strain, was cloned and identified. This gene is predicted to encode a 492-amino
acid protein with significant homology to the phytoene desaturase of other carotenogenic organisms. Knockout of crtI gene blocked yellow carotenoid pigment synthesis and resulted in the accumulation of colorless phytoene, confirming that
it encodes phytoene desaturase. Further research indicates that the yield of gellan gum production by crtI gene knockout mutants is almost the same as that by the wild-type strain. In addition, a recovery method based on the colorless
fermentation broth of the crtI gene knockout mutant was investigated. Compared to the volume of alcohol for the parent strain, much less alcohol (30%) is
required in this recovery process; thus, the costs of downstream purification of gellan gum can be substantially reduced. 相似文献
8.
Ethylene response factor (ERF) proteins regulate a variety of stress responses in plant. JERF1, a tomato ERF protein, can
be induced by abscisic acid (ABA). Overexpression of JERF1 enhanced the tolerance of transgenic tobacco to high salt concentration, osmotic stress, and low temperature by regulating
the expression of stress-responsive genes by binding to DRE/CRT and GCC-box cis-elements. In this research, we further report that overexpression of JERF1 significantly enhanced drought tolerance of transgenic rice. The overexpression activated the expression of stress-responsive
genes and increased the synthesis of the osmolyte proline by regulating the expression of OsP5CS, encoding the proline biosynthesis key enzyme deltal-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase. JERF1 also activated the expression
of two ABA biosynthesis key enzyme genes, OsABA2 and Os03g0810800, and increased the synthesis of ABA in rice. Analysis of cis-elements of JERF1-targeted genes pointed to the existence of DRE/CRT and/or GCC box in their promoters, indicating that JERF1
could activate the expression of related genes in rice by binding to these cis-elements. Unlike some other ERF proteins, constructive overexpression of JERF1 did not change the growth and development of transgenic rice, which makes JEFR1 a potentially useful source in breeding for greater tolerance to abiotic stress. 相似文献
9.
《Enzyme and microbial technology》2006,38(1-2):101-108
The effects of agitation and aeration upon synthesis and molecular weight of the biopolymer gellan were systematically investigated in batch fermenter cultures of the bacterium, Sphingomonas paucimobilis. High aeration rates and vigorous agitation enhanced growth of S. paucimobilis. Although gellan formation occurred mainly in parallel with cell growth, the increase in cells able to synthesise gellan did not always lead to high gellan production. For example, at very high agitation rates (1000 rpm) growth was stimulated at the expense of biopolymer synthesis.Maximal gellan concentration was obtained at 500 rpm agitation and either 1 or 2 vvm aeration (12.3 and 12.4 g/l gellan, respectively). An increase in aeration (from 1 to 2 vvm) enhanced gellan synthesis only at low agitation rates (250 rpm). However, high aeration or dissolved oxygen was not necessary for high gellan synthesis, in fact oxygen limitation always preceded the phase of maximum gellan production and probably enhanced polysaccharide biosynthesis.Some gellan was formed even after glucose exhaustion. This was attributed to the intracellular accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoates, (such as polyxydroxybutyrate) which were found in S. paucimobilis cells indicating the existence of a carbon storage system, which may contribute to gellan biosynthesis under glucose-limiting conditions.The autolysis of the culture, which occurred at the late stages of the process, seemed to be triggered mainly by limitations in mass (nutrient) transfer, due to the highly viscous process fluid that gradually develops. Rheological measurements generally gave a very good near real time estimate of maximum biopolymer concentration offering the possibility of improved process control relative to time consuming gravimetric assay methods.While mechanical depolymerisation of gellan did not occur, high aeration rates (2 vvm) led to production of gellan of low molecular weight (at either 250 or 500 rpm). This effect of aeration rate upon gellan molecular weight is reported here for the first time, and is important for the properties and applications of gellan. Mechanisms which may have led to this are discussed, but control of molecular weight of the biopolymers is clearly an area needing further research. 相似文献
10.
Summary A new screening technique was used to isolate the bacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis E2 (DSM 6314), which produces the exopolysaccharide gellan. The productivity was found to be about four times higher than that of the industrially used strain Auromonas elodea (ATCC 31461) it was isolated from. The polysaccharide formation was found to be predominantly growth-related.
Correspondence to: W.-D. Deckwer 相似文献
11.
Takashi Osanai Keiji Numata Akira Oikawa Ayuko Kuwahara Hiroko Iijima Yoshiharu Doi Kan Tanaka Kazuki Saito Masami Yokota Hirai 《DNA research》2013,20(6):525-535
Because cyanobacteria directly harvest CO2 and light energy, their carbon metabolism is important for both basic and applied sciences. Here, we show that overexpression of the sigma factor sigE in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 widely changes sugar catabolism and increases production of the biodegradable polyester polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) during nitrogen starvation. sigE overexpression elevates the levels of proteins implicated in glycogen catabolism, the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, and polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis. PHB accumulation is enhanced by sigE overexpression under nitrogen-limited conditions, yet the molecular weights of PHBs synthesized by the parental glucose-tolerant and sigE overexpression strain are similar. Although gene expression induced by nitrogen starvation is changed and other metabolites (such as GDP-mannose and citrate) accumulate under sigE overexpression, genetic engineering of this sigma factor altered the metabolic pathway from glycogen to PHB during nitrogen starvation. 相似文献
12.
Gellan gum biosynthesis in Sphingomonas paucimobilis ATCC 31461: genes,enzymes and exopolysaccharide production engineering 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sá-Correia I Fialho AM Videira P Moreira LM Marques AR Albano H 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2002,29(4):170-176
The commercial gelling agent, gellan, is an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) produced by Sphingomonas paucimobilis ATCC 31461. In recent years, significant progress in understanding the relationship between gellan structure and properties
and elucidation of the biosynthesis and engineering of this recent product of biotechnology has been made. This review focuses
on recent advances in this field. Emphasis is given to identification and characterization of genes and enzymes involved,
or predicted to be involved, in the gellan biosynthetic pathway, at the level of synthesis of sugar-activated precursors,
of the repeat unit assembly and of gellan polymerization and export. Identification of several genes, biochemical characterization
of the encoded enzymes and elucidation of crucial steps of the gellan pathway indicate that possibilities now exist for exerting
control over gellan production at any of the three levels of its biosynthesis. However, a better knowledge of the poorly understood
steps and of the bottlenecks and regulation of the pathway, the characterization of the composition, structure and functional
properties of gellan-like polymers produced either by the industrial strain under different culture conditions or by mutants
are still required for eventual success of the metabolic engineering of gellan production. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2002) 29, 170–176 doi:10.1038/sj.jim.7000266
Received 11 February 2002/ Accepted in revised form 09 April 2002 相似文献
13.
Won-Jae Chi Eun A. Oh Jong-Hee Kim Soon-Kwang Hong 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2011,16(1):59-71
Production of proteins in secretary form is one of the important factors affecting fermentation. The Tat (twin arginine translocation)
protein secretion system, which includes the proteins TatA, TatB, and TatC, was identified in the genomic sequence of Streptomyces griseus IFO13350. The tatA and tatC genes were organized into a polycistronic operon, whereas tatB was located separately on the chromosome. Comparison of amino acid sequences suggested that TatC was a membrane-spanning
protein, whereas TatA and TatB were found to be cytoplasmic proteins. Analysis of extracellular proteins and N-terminal amino
acid sequencing revealed that secretion of SGR5556 was significantly enhanced by overexpression of TatAC in S. griseus HH1. Further, enzymatic study showed that SGR5556 encoded a glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase. In addition, other
hydrolase activities, such as those of amylase, total protease, metalloprotease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and Leuaminopeptidase,
were also enhanced by 3, 3, 2.6, 2.3, 5.4, and 2.5 fold, respectively, in S. griseus upon TatAC overexpression. Overexpression of TatAC induced the production of a greenish-yellow pigment in S. griseus HH1 as well as more abundant sporulation at an earlier stage in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). In silico analysis by TatFIND, SignalP, and TMHMM identified 19 binding proteins, 28 enzymatic proteins, and 27 other proteins with
unknown functions as putative TatAC-dependent secretary proteins. These results clearly indicate that TatA and TatC constitute
a functional Tat system in S. griseus. Additionally, the S. griseus Tat system can be useful for the production of valuable proteins, including many hydrolytic enzymes and candidates of Tat-dependent
secretary proteins, under industrial conditions. 相似文献
14.
Hiromi Kumon Ken-ichi Tomochika Tosiyuki Matunaga Masatoshi Ogawa Hiroyuki Ohmori 《Microbiology and immunology》1994,38(8):615-619
We developed new sandwich cup method to assay the penetration of various antimicrobial agents through Pseudomonas exopolysaccharides. Using alginate extracted from mucoid-type Pseudomonas aeruginosa and gellan gum from Pseudomonas elodea, the role of exopolysaccharides as a barrier against drug penetration was examined. The penetration of positively charged hydrophilic drugs such as aminoglycosides and polypeptides was markedly inhibited by the gels tested, but that of β-lactams, quinolones, and macrolides was not inhibited. The penetration of gentamicin was strongly influenced by the gel concentration, the solution to be used, and the presence of Ca2+. These results suggest that the microenvironment at the infection site could greatly influence drug penetration through biofilms in vivo. 相似文献
15.
The iron–sulfur cluster biosynthesis protein SUFB is required for chlorophyll synthesis,but not phytochrome signaling
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Xueyun Hu Mike T. Page Akihiro Sumida Ayumi Tanaka Matthew J. Terry Ryouichi Tanaka 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2017,89(6):1184-1194
Proteins that contain iron–sulfur (Fe–S) clusters play pivotal roles in various metabolic processes such as photosynthesis and redox metabolism. Among the proteins involved in the biosynthesis of Fe–S clusters in plants, the SUFB subunit of the SUFBCD complex appears to be unique because SUFB has been reported to be involved in chlorophyll metabolism and phytochrome‐mediated signaling. To gain insights into the function of the SUFB protein, we analyzed the phenotypes of two SUFB mutants, laf6 and hmc1, and RNA interference (RNAi) lines with reduced SUFB expression. When grown in the light, the laf6 and hmc1 mutants and the SUFB RNAi lines accumulated higher levels of the chlorophyll biosynthesis intermediate Mg‐protoporphyrin IX monomethylester (Mg‐proto MME), consistent with the impairment of Mg‐proto MME cyclase activity. Both SUFC‐ and SUFD‐deficient RNAi lines accumulated the same intermediate, suggesting that inhibition of Fe‐S cluster synthesis is the primary cause of this impairment. Dark‐grown laf6 seedlings also showed an increase in protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX), Mg‐proto, Mg‐proto MME and 3,8‐divinyl protochlorophyllide a (DV‐Pchlide) levels, but this was not observed in hmc1 or the SUFB RNAi lines, nor was it complemented by SUFB overexpression. In addition, the long hypocotyl in far‐red light phenotype of the laf6 mutant could not be rescued by SUFB overexpression and segregated from the pale‐green SUFB‐deficient phenotype, indicating it is not caused by mutation at the SUFB locus. These results demonstrate that biosynthesis of Fe–S clusters is important for chlorophyll biosynthesis, but that the laf6 phenotype is not due to a SUFB mutation. 相似文献
16.
Kim SY Park JS Chae CS Hyun CG Choi BW Shin J Oh KB 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2007,75(5):1119-1126
Indolocarbazole metabolite K-252a is a natural product that was previously reported as a potent protein kinase C inhibitor
with in vitro and in vivo potency. From a biosynthetic viewpoint, this compound possesses structurally interesting features
such as an unusual furanosyl sugar moiety, which are absent in the well-studied staurosporine and rebeccamycin. A cosmid library
from genomic DNA of Nonomuraea longicatena JCM 11136 was constructed and screened for the presence of genes to be involved in the biosynthesis of indolocarbazole K-252a.
Using as a probe an internal fragment of vioB, a Chromobacterium violaceum gene encoding a multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes tryptophan decarboxylation and condensation reaction in violacein biosynthesis,
we isolated a DNA region that directed the biosynthesis of K-252a when introduced into the heterologous expression host Streptomyces albus. Sequence analysis of 45 kb revealed genes for indolocarbazole core formation, glycosylation, and sugar methylation, as well
as a regulatory gene and two resistance/secretion genes. The cloned genes should help to elucidate the molecular basis for
indolocarbazole biosynthesis and generate new indolocarbazole analogues by genetic engineering. 相似文献
17.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of extracellular or membrane-bound proteases. Their ability to cleave extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins has implicated a role in ECM remodeling to affect cell fate and behavior during development and in pathogenesis. We have shown previously that membrane-type 1 (MT1)-MMP [corrected] is coexpressed temporally and spatially with the MMP gelatinase A (GelA) in all cell types of the intestine and tail where GelA is expressed during Xenopus laevis metamorphosis, suggesting a cooperative role of these MMPs in development. Here, we show that Xenopus GelA and MT1-MMP interact with each other in vivo and that overexpression of MT1-MMP and GelA together in Xenopus embryos leads to the activation of pro-GelA. We further show that both MMPs are expressed during Xenopus embryogenesis, although MT1-MMP gene is expressed earlier than the GelA gene. To investigate whether the embryonic MMPs play a role in development, we have studied whether precocious expression of these MMPs alters development. Our results show that overexpression of both MMPs causes developmental abnormalities and embryonic death by a mechanism that requires the catalytic activity of the MMPs. More importantly, we show that coexpression of wild type MT1-MMP and GelA leads to a cooperative effect on embryonic development and that this cooperative effect is abolished when the catalytic activity of either MMP is eliminated through a point mutation in the catalytic domain. Thus, our studies support a cooperative role of these MMPs in embryonic development, likely through the activation of pro-GelA by MT1-MMP. 相似文献
18.
Photoassimilated carbons are converted to sucrose in green plant leaves and distributed to non-phototropic tissues to provide
carbon and energy. In photosynthetic sucrose biosynthesis, the chloroplast envelope triose phosphate/phosphate translocator
(TPT) and cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cFBPase) are key components in photosynthetic sucrose biosynthesis. The simultaneous
overexpression of TPT and cFBPase was utilized to increase the source capacity of Arabidopsis. The TPT and cFBPase overexpression lines exhibited enhanced growth with larger rosette sizes and increased fresh weights compared with wild-type
(WT) plants. The simultaneous overexpression of TPT and cFBPase resulted in enhanced photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rates in moderate and elevated light conditions. During the phototropic period, the soluble sugar (sucrose,
glucose, and fructose) levels in the leaves of these transgenic lines were also higher than those of the WT plants. These
results suggest that the simultaneous overexpression of TPT and cFBPase enhances source capacity and consequently leads to growth enhancement in transgenic plants. 相似文献
19.
Structures and Properties of Gellan Polymers Produced by Sphingomonas paucimobilis ATCC 31461 from Lactose Compared with Those Produced from Glucose and from Cheese Whey 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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Arsnio M. Fialho Lígia O. Martins Marie-Lucie Donval Jorge H. Leito Michael J. Ridout Andrew J. Jay Victor J. Morris Isabel S-Correia 《Applied microbiology》1999,65(6):2485-2491
The dairy industry produces large quantities of whey as a by-product of cheese production and is increasingly looking for new ways to utilize this waste product. Gellan gum is reliably produced by Sphingomonas paucimobilis in growth media containing lactose, a significant component of cheese whey, as a carbon source. We studied and compared polysaccharide biosynthesis by S. paucimobilis ATCC 31461 in media containing glucose, lactose (5 to 30 g/liter), and sweet cheese whey. We found that altering the growth medium can markedly affect the polysaccharide yield, acyl substitution level, polymer rheological properties, and susceptibility to degradation. Depression of gellan production from lactose compared with gellan production from glucose (approximately 30%) did not appear to occur at the level of synthesis of sugar nucleotides, which are the donors of monomers used for biosynthesis of the repetitive tetrasaccharide unit of gellan. The lactose-derived biopolymer had the highest total acyl content; the glucose- and whey-derived gellans had similar total acyl contents but differed markedly in their acetate and glycerate levels. Rheological studies revealed how the functionality of a gellan polysaccharide is affected by changes in the acyl substitution. 相似文献