方差分析在台木类木化石鉴定中的应用

本文用方差分析区别具台木类木材的三个种：太原台木(Dadoxylon taiyuanensis)，生根无髓根（Amyelon radicans)和徐氏无髓根（A.xui)，并同国外的种比较，结果表明，用这种方法能定量地研究植物性状之间的区别，并得到较好的效果。     

扬子鳄视神经的研究

本文研究了扬子鳄的视神经。结果明明,视神经中可见有髓纤维和无髓纤维。有髓纤维分布均匀,无髓纤维常聚集成团;胶质细胞核,在视神经中可看到两种类型,有髓纤维总数为２００,０００－３００,０００根,纤维直径范围为０．４１－６．６６μｍ,只有一个峰值,峰直径为１．３１μｍ;纤维轴突径与纤维直径之比（ｄ／Ｄ）约为０．７３－０．７５。经统计分析,同个体左右侧神经纤维数目有差异,同一神经中周围区与中央区数目分布     

萍蓬草（Nuphar pumilum（Thimm.）DC.）营养器官的形态解剖观察

对萍蓬草（Ｎｕｐｈａｒｐｕｍｉｌｕｍ（Ｔｈｉｍｍ．）ＤＣ）根,茎,叶的形态结构和腺毛的发育进行形态解剖观察分的,茎中维管束散生,无形成层,茎端周围及幼叶,叶柄部位着生能力分泌粘液的腺毛,不定根为多元型,有髓;侧根对着原生木质部脊着生,根表面具有短缩的根毛,根顶端原始细胞具有分层特征,属封闭型。     

放射直视影像在口腔固定修复中的临床应用评价

目的：探讨放射直视影像（radiovisiography,RVG）在口腔固定修复中的应用价值。方法：对拟行口腔固定修复中的全冠及桩核冠修复的患牙术前进行RVG投照,对RVG图像进行分析,分别测量牙冠各部位的厚度以及牙根的长度、角度、根管各部位的直径,从而对活髓牙牙体预备中并发症的预测和预防以及桩间隙制备时器械的选择和桩的设计。结果：67颗活髓牙中7例前牙需要术前进行根管治疗,1例术中发生针尖大小的穿髓点,予dycal垫底后保留活髓。因为术前及早的预测穿髓事件的发生,病人均满意及理解。拟行桩核冠修复的21颗患牙无一例发生根管侧穿,观察3月未发现有一例根折。结论：RVG能快速,经济,直观的给临床口腔修复医师提供牙体全面的信息,有利于并发症的预防及治疗方案的选择。     

四种液体不同作用时间对根管壁的影响

目的：观察乙二胺四乙酸盐（Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid,EDTA）、氯亚明（Chloramine）、丁克除（Desocclus01）和酚克除（Re-sosolv）等4种化学预备液根管内封药时对根管壁的影响。方法：选择因正畸拔除的健康前磨牙65颗,实验组60颗和对照组5颗。实验组随机分为A、B、C、D4组。每组15颗,各组又随机分为10d组、20d组和30d组,每组5颗。常规开髓、拔髓、干燥根管后丙烯酸树脂封闭根尖孔。根管内封药,磷酸锌暂封,4℃生理盐水中储存,对照组不做任何处理,相同条件下储存。丙烯酸树脂包埋,硬组织切片机切片,扫描电镜观察。结果：通过扫描电镜观察,在本实验周期内与对照组相比较,EDTA封药10天、20天和30天组,根管壁均有不同程度的脱矿,尤其是30d组。氯亚明和丁克除封药10天、20天和30天组,根管壁均有不同程度的脱矿,尤其是30d组,但脱矿部位主要位于根管壁内层,根管壁中外层脱矿较轻。酚克除封药3个时间组,根管壁均无脱矿。结论：EDTA根管内封药20天以内相对安全,不会造成根管壁的重度脱矿。氯亚明和丁克除根管内封药30天以内均不会造成根管壁的重度脱矿。酚克除对根管壁无影响。     

萍蓬草〔Nuphar pumilum(Thimm.)DC.〕营养器官的形态解剖观察

对萍蓬草〔Ｎｕｐｈａｒｐｕｍｉｌｕｍ（Ｔｈｉｍｍ．）ＤＣ．〕根、茎、叶的形态结构和腺毛的发育进行形态解剖观察分析。茎中维管束散生、无形成层。茎端周围及幼叶、叶柄部位着生能分泌粘液的腺毛。不定根为多元型,有髓;侧根对着原生木质部脊着生,根表面具短缩的根毛;根顶端原始细胞具有分层特征,属封闭型。     

慢性根尖周炎的细菌学研究

本文对14例慢性根尖周炎患者16个感染根管细菌培养检查的结果发现:以厌氧菌为优势的混合菌感染是慢性根尖周炎感染根管细菌学的主要特点。穿髓根管由于敞开的髓腔,同一根管内4—9种细菌混合感染者占87.5％;未穿髓的感染根管2—3种细菌混合感染的占62.5％,4种以上细菌混合感染的占37.5％。优势的感染菌包括产黑色素类杆菌、口腔类杆菌、口类杆菌、具核梭杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、内氏放线菌等6种厌氧菌;血液链球菌、变链球菌和酿脓链球菌为最常见的兼性厌氧菌。本文指出口腔正常菌群是感染根管的机会病原菌。     

PeroxiredoxinⅡ在退变椎间盘髓核中的表达及其临床意义

目的：检测PeroxiredoxinⅡ在腰椎间盘髓核组织中的表达,分析其在椎间盘退变中的临床意义。方法：用蛋白免疫印迹（Western blot）的方法检测PeroxiredoxinⅡ在正常、突出及脱出腰椎间盘髓核中的表达情况。结果：PeroxiredoxinⅡ在退变椎间盘髓核中表达丰富,而在正常椎间盘髓核中表达微弱,两者比较差异显著（P〈0.05）,在突出和脱出椎间盘髓核中表达无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论：PeroxiredoxinⅡ在正常及退变腰椎间盘髓核组织中差异表达。     

MPO129A／G基因多态性与冠心病严重程度相关研究

目的：探讨髓过氧化物酶129A／G基因多态性与冠心病严重程度关系。方法：入选住院冠心病患者267例,均行冠脉造影检查。用比色法测定血清髓过氧化物酶活性;用聚合酶链反应．限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）确定各研究对象的基因型。根据冠脉造影结果分别采用冠脉病变支数和Gensini评分来评估冠心病严重程度。结果：MPO129位点A、G等位基因频率分别为0．107和0．893。不同基因型组间血清髓过氧化物酶活性无明显差异,不同基因型在Gensini评分组间的分布无明显差异,基因型GG患者冠脉病变倾向于多血管病变。结论：髓过氧化物酶129A／G基因多态性与血清髓过氧化物酶活性无显著相关,其不能作为预测冠心病病变严重程度的理想指标。     

采用于髓术和根管治疗术治疗乳磨牙牙髓炎的比较研究

目的:比较并评价干髓术及根管治疗术治疗乳磨牙牙髓炎的近远期疗效.方法:随机将231个患牙分为2组,分别用干髓术、根管治疗术治疗,记录治疗所需时间、复诊次数,术后随访3年,观察近远期疗效.结果:干髓术组平均操作时间为90分钟,根管治疗组平均操作时间为150分钟;干髓术组复诊一次完成治疗,根管治疗组复诊二次完成治疗;1年后,干髓术组与根管治疗组有效率比较无显著性差异(p>0.05),2年和3年后根管治疗有效率高于干髓治疗(p<0.05).结论:干髓术具有高效、省时、经济的优点,治疗牙髓炎有一定中、短期疗效,但远期疗效较差,应严格选择适应证;乳牙根管治疗是较理想的乳磨牙牙髓炎治疗方法,近远期疗效好,值得在临床上大力推广.     

On the Application of the Analysis ct Variance in the Identification of Dadoxylon woods

This paper suggests that the analysis of variance could be used to the distinction of Da- doxylon-like woods and some quantitave characters of Dadoxylon taiyuanensis, Amyelon radicans, A. xui, A. equivius and Billigea resinosa, for example, diameter of ray cells and tracheids, height of rays, and diameter ratio of ray to tracheid, are compared and discussed. The comparision and discussion show quantitave character is more useful to identification of fossil plants than others if analysis Of variance is used.     

提高成年云南山楂树试管培养苗生根率的方法

用成年云南山楂(Crataegus scabrifolia(Franch)Rehd.树的无菌增殖芽苗作为生根试验材料。结果表明：接种在含生长素(IBA、NAA)0.01-1.0mg/1的MS/2培养基中,芽苗的平均生根率为50.4%;在高浓度(150-250mg/1)生长素溶液中浸泡芽苗基部30分钟,然后接种到无生长素的MS/2培养基中,其生根率为60.1%;用高浓度生长素液蘸芽苗基部的生根率为83.5%;芽苗在含IBA1-5mg/1的培养基中培养2-4天,然后转入MS/2培养基中诱导生根,生根率可达92%以上,根伸长正常。黑暗条件明显抑制生根,每日16小时至24小时光照对芽苗生根有益。     

云南松地理种源研究 Ⅰ.苗期试验

对来自27个不同种源的云南松(Pinus yunnanensis Fr.)进行苗期试验,测定苗高和地径生长量,并对其21个月生的苗高和地径进行方差分析。结果表明:不同种源的云南松在相同试验条件下,其苗高和地径差异极为显著,初步选出其苗高超过对照(安宁种源)175.3—205.3％的10个种源,可供造林试验用种。本试验还对云南松形态特征的地理变异规律及其相互间的关系进行了初步探讨。     

卵果松地理种源试验

对来自中美洲4个国家16个地区的卵果松(Pinus oocarpa)种源进行苗期试验,测定苗高和地径生长量,并对其55个月生的苗高和地径进行方差分析,共结果发现:不同种源的卵果松,在同一试验地上,其苗高、地径差异极为显著,初步选出超过对照114—125％的种源,滇南海拔1200米以下地区可引种洪都拉斯种源造林。本试验还对卵果松形态特征的地理变异规律及其相互间的关系进行了初步探讨。     

通过骨盆外测量推算中骨盆径的一元和多元回归方程

本文以126例生育年龄非妊娠女工的髂结节间径、髂前上棘间径、大转子间径及坐骨结节间径为自变量估计因变量中骨盆横径,求出多元回归方程:=—6.89+0.05x_1+0.12x_2+0.23x_3+0.77x_4;以骶耻外径和骨盆倾斜度为自变量估计因变量中骨盆矢径,其回归方程为:=6.09+0.39x_1-0.05x_2。对两方程进行方差分析,其F值分别为4.069和8.26,均具高度显著性,可以应用于临床对中骨盆径的估计以取代X线测量法。     

酵母全细胞苯丙氨酸鲜氨酶（PAL）活性的紫外分光光度测定法

本文报告以L-苯丙氨酸 (L-phe) 为底物,酵母全细胞作酶源,酶促生成产物反式-肉桂酸 (t-Ca)测定苯丙氨解氨酸 (PAP,EC_(4.3.1.5) 活性的紫外分光光度法。测定程序包括标准物质t-Ca的加样试验,绝对回收率试验,线性回归分析的整套定量分析研宄步骤,建立了一套经过修改的Kalghatgi和Subba Rao(1975) PAL 活性测定法。此法具有良好的准确度和精密度,已经用于评价具有PAL活性的酵母菌株在液体培养物中细胞生长和PAL活性形成的时间过程研究。     

THE MIXED-MODEL ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE APPLIED TO QUANTITATIVE GENETICS: BIOLOGICAL MEANING OF THE PARAMETERS

The mixed-model factorial analysis of variance has been used in many recent studies in evolutionary quantitative genetics. Two competing formulations of the mixed-model ANOVA are commonly used, the “Scheffe” model and the “SAS” model; these models differ in both their assumptions and in the way in which variance components due to the main effect of random factors are defined. The biological meanings of the two variance component definitions have often been unappreciated, however. A full understanding of these meanings leads to the conclusion that the mixed-model ANOVA could have been used to much greater effect by many recent authors. The variance component due to the random main effect under the two-way SAS model is the covariance in true means associated with a level of the random factor (e.g., families) across levels of the fixed factor (e.g., environments). Therefore the SAS model has a natural application for estimating the genetic correlation between a character expressed in different environments and testing whether it differs from zero. The variance component due to the random main effect under the two-way Scheffe model is the variance in marginal means (i.e., means over levels of the fixed factor) among levels of the random factor. Therefore the Scheffe model has a natural application for estimating genetic variances and heritabilities in populations using a defined mixture of environments. Procedures and assumptions necessary for these applications of the models are discussed. While exact significance tests under the SAS model require balanced data and the assumptions that family effects are normally distributed with equal variances in the different environments, the model can be useful even when these conditions are not met (e.g., for providing an unbiased estimate of the across-environment genetic covariance). Contrary to statements in a recent paper, exact significance tests regarding the variance in marginal means as well as unbiased estimates can be readily obtained from unbalanced designs with no restrictive assumptions about the distributions or variance-covariance structure of family effects.     

微生物能力验证样品均匀性试验的研究

目的：对人工制备的微生物能力验证样品进行均匀性试验,验证是否符合能力验证的要求。方法：随机抽取能力验证样品,采用AOAC990.12测试方法,菌落总数的结果经单因素方差分析评价其均匀性。结果：样品D均匀性试验结果为样品间变异较小,样品足够均匀;样品C均匀性试验统计学结果显示样品间差异存在显著性,通过借鉴方法的重复性和再现性的标准差对能力验证总体标准差进行评估,计算Sσ,该值小于能力验证的推荐值,该样品的均匀性可能满足能力验证的对样品要求。     

MIGRATING CAMBIAL DOMAINS AND THE ORIGIN OF WAVY GRAIN IN XYLEM OF BROADLEAVED TREES

Anatomical analysis of wavy-grained xylem samples of Fraxinus, Acer, and Betula reveals a strong underlying pattern of orientational domains within the cambium. Domains are local areas in the cambium within which the orientation of pseudotransverse divisions of fusiform initial cells is predominately unidirectional rather than random. The orientation of ray splitting and ray uniting also tends to be unidirectional within domains. Because their boundaries migrate with time, domains are not fixed in shape or position. A specific group of initial cells may first be located in the interior of a domain, later near a boundary, and still later in another domain of opposite orientational prevalence. Domain patterns and their movements were delineated by classifying and mapping ray splitting and uniting events in temporal series of tangential sections of terminal late xylem. The domain patterns move slowly upward, preceding the similarly outlined, but noncoincident, grain pattern. A wavy grain pattern can be interpreted as being the result of a domain pattern of similar geometry. The efficacy of a domain pattern in eliciting a grain pattern is probably indirectly dependent upon the frequency of occurrence of pseudotransverse divisions and of ray splitting and uniting. The frequency is low in cambium producing straight-grained wood. Evidence of 10-fold and greater increases in frequency of ray splitting and uniting was found in straight-grained to wavy-grained transitional xylem.     

生长在太白山上的紫萼丁香木材的生态解剖

生长在秦岭太白山北坡的紫萼丁香(Syringa oblata var.giraldii Rehd.)的木材结构随着海拔高度的增加而变化。其年轮宽度,导管分子长度、直径;纤维管胞长度、宽度;射线高度等值逐渐增加。导管频率、射线频率、单孔率值则逐渐减少。导管、纤维管胞的壁减薄,其次生壁上的螺纹加厚由明显到不明显。