中国的长柄象属(鞘翅目:象虫科, 短喙象亚科)

长柄象属 Mesagroicus Schoenherr是全北区的属,已记载37种,其中28种产于古北区的中亚细亚和小亚细亚地区,其余产于北美洲,我国尚无记载。近年来作者在鉴定甜菜害虫和整理馆藏标本中,发现我国有两种:一种为新种,另一种为中国新纪录。从它们的寄主和分布来看,有较重要的经济意义,现记述于后。 本属隶于短喙象亚科 Brachyderinae,拿巴象族 Naupactini。体型小,体长约3—6mm,主要特征为:眼靠近头部两侧,额宽于或窄于喙,触角柄节长过眼,前胸两侧前缘无     

萧氏松茎象的早期寄主研究

本文以调查的事实材料为基础，对萧氏松茎象的早期寄主进行了研究，说明该虫最先在马尾松树种上发生，而后逐渐蔓延到从国外引进的湿地松、火炬松和国外松上猖獗危害。 萧氏松茎象（ＨｙｌｏｂｉｔｅｌｕｓｘｉａｏｉＺｈａｎｇ）是江西省吉安地区 １９８８年发现的国外松新害虫。十多年来，该虫蔓延十分迅速，危害国外松特别严重。据１９９９年调查，江西省４０余县（市）有分布．发生面积１万公顷以上，成为国外松的主要害虫。究竟此虫最初寄主是何树种，它为什么发展那么快呢？弄清这一问题十分重要，不仅对制订正确的防范措施，而且对研…     

大兴安岭地区跳象属二新种（鞘翅目：象虫科）

跳象属Rhynchaenus Clairville et Schellenbeng在古北区已报导了70种以上。我国报导了榆跳象(Rh.alni Linnaeus)、枫杨跳象(Rh.sp.)及杨潜叶跳象[Rh.(Tachyerges)empopulifolis Chen]。本文描述跳象属的二个新种,它们分别属于Nomizo MorimototOrchestes Illiger亚属;其成虫、幼虫在大兴安岭地区潜食蒙古柞(Quercus mongolicaFisch.et Turcz.)的幼树叶子。新种的模式标本保存在东北林业大学。     

萧氏松茎象危害与松树松脂量关系研究初报

萧氏松茎象HylobitelusxiaoiZhang是近年来暴发性松树害虫 ,主要危害 3种松树 :湿地松 (PinuselliottiiEngelm)、火炬松 (P .taeda)、马尾松 (P .massoniaanaLamb) ,其中以湿地松受害最为严重。为明确萧氏松茎象的危害与松脂流量的关系 ,作者对萧氏松茎象危害前后 3种松树 (湿地松、马尾松、火炬松 )松脂流量变化进行了研究。结果显示 ,在松树受害植株和未受害植株间松脂总流量间存在一定差异 ,其中以马尾松松脂流量变化最大 ,对受害株和未受害株松脂流量t-测验 ,差异达到显著水平 ;而湿地松和火炬松松脂总流量在受害植株和未受害植株间没有显著差异。对上述 3种松树松脂流量随时序动态变化的分析显示 ,松脂流量在 1年中以 5月到 6月之间为松脂流量高峰期 ,此后逐渐下降 ,到 3月中旬以后松脂流量又开始上升。就松脂流量时序动态而言 ,萧氏松茎象为害对马尾松松脂流量影响最大 ,对其它2个松树影响不明显。另外 ,不同松树树种在松脂流量及其时序动态上也存在一定差异 ,其中以马尾松脂流量较高。     

云南木蠹象成虫外部形态观察

云南木蠹象Pissodes yunnanensis Langor et Zhang 属鞘翅目Coleoptera 象虫科Curculionidae木蠹象属Pissodes,是危害云南松Pinus yunnanensis Franchet的主要蛀干害虫之一.详细记述了云南木蠹象雌、雄成虫的外部形态特征,并首次用扫描电镜观察了它们的头部及前翅的细微结构.电镜下可见雌、雄成虫头部额区具圆刻点并具毛,复眼无显著差异,复眼中部的小眼面皆呈六边形,前翅背面有3类毛形附属物,其中1类为灰色,另2类为白色;雌、雄成虫在前翅腹面端部有很明显的区别.     

耳喙象亚科的分类简史及其系统地位简述

耳喙象亚科Otiorrhynchinae是象虫科最大的一个亚科,包括短喙象和耳喙象两大类群。据作者初步统计,全世界已记录800余属(亚属),约8500种,我国已记录70属约400种。耳喙象的分类系统地位,一直存在着争议,国内学者尚未进行这方面的研究和讨论。本文就耳喙象亚科的分类简史及其系统地位作一简单介绍和评述。一、分类简史1758年,林奈在《自然系统》第10版中首创了Curculio属,记载了80种象虫,C.palma-run为模式种,其中我国有一种(C.chinensis)。1826年,Schoenherr首次将象虫分为Brach-yerides、Entimides、Pachyrychides、Cleonides,Cyclomide…     

基于Maxent生态位模型预测球果角胫象在云南的潜在地理分布

掌握球果角胫象Shirahoshizo conifera Chao在云南潜在分布区,对了解其危害和防控具有重要的意义。本文利用球果角胫象的分布点数据和环境因子数据,通过Maxent生态位模型预测其在云南的潜在分布区。结果表明：球果角胫象的潜在分布区主要集中滇中地区;在ArcGIS中进行显示与风险等级划分,按栅格数值的大小将球果角胫象的适生范围分为4级,分级标准为：高适生区、中适生区、低适生区、非适生区,经ROC曲线分析法验证,Maxent生态位模型的AUC值为0998,表明预测获得了较好的效果。     

象虫金小蜂中国新记录

本文首次报道了象虫金小蜂在中国的分布,并用图文简要地描述其特征.该蜂是四纹豆象、米象、谷象、玉米象、烟草甲和药材甲等重要贮藏物害虫的天敌.     

剪枝象有效学名的厘清及常见种的鉴别

剪枝象属Cyllorhynchites Voss隶属于齿颚象科Rhynchitidae齿颚象亚科Rhynchitinae齿颚象族Rhynchitini,但其属名在国内外使用较为混乱。此外,该属的常见种类栗实剪枝象Cyllorhynchites cumulatus Voss与橡实剪枝象C.ursulus Roelofs等常被误认为隶属于同族的Mecorhis或Mechoris属。通过查阅相关文献和我国多地所采集的标本,本文旨在厘清剪枝象的有效学名,并对栗实剪枝象和橡实剪枝象的形态和生态特征进行了补充,以便提供更准确的鉴别特征。结果如下:(1)剪枝象属拉丁学名为Cyllorhynchites Voss,而非Mecorhis Billberg或Mechoris。栗实剪枝象与橡实剪枝象的中文学名以寄主命名。(2)栗实剪枝象成虫身体蓝黑色,鞘翅上的白色短柔毛稀疏且行纹明显。幼虫体长6.0-9.0 mm,触角感觉器长矛状;额背面的刚毛仅有2对,标记为fs4,fs5;头盖背面无刚毛;上唇及唇基较窄。分布于黄河以南,主要以栗属植物为寄主。在安徽金寨,栗实剪枝象的羽化期在5月底-6月底,成虫羽化后即可交配、产卵,产卵期和剪枝期在6月-7月上旬。橡实剪枝象成虫身体黑褐色,但足为褐色。鞘翅上的黄色短柔毛较密且行纹不明显。幼虫体长8.0-10.0 mm,触角感觉器长圆锥状;额背面的刚毛仅有1对,标记为fs5;头盖背面的刚毛仅有1对,标记为des5;上唇及唇基较宽。广布中国南北和日本、朝鲜半岛,以栎属和青冈属植物为寄主。在四川都江堰,橡实剪枝象的羽化期在6月-7月。由于橡子尚未发育,其成虫羽化后需经历较长的营养补充期,产卵期和剪枝期在8月中旬-9月底。本研究澄清了过去关于剪枝象属的分类归属,并对两种常见剪枝象的形态和生态特征进行了深入比较,为生产上准确鉴别这些剪枝象种类提供参考。     

元宝枫籽象的重要天敌昆虫——元宝枫刺胫广肩小蜂线粒体全基因组的测定与分析

【目的】元宝枫刺胫广肩小蜂Eurytoma acutibialis Yang, Liu et Cao是我国元宝枫种实Acer truncatum的主要害虫元宝枫籽象Bradybatus sp.的寄生蜂，是调查元宝枫籽象时发现的一个新种，在控制元宝枫籽象上可发挥重要作用。为进一步了解该新寄生蜂，测定和分析元宝枫刺胫广肩小蜂的线粒体全基因组序列，从而为膜翅目(Hymenoptera)小蜂总科(Chalcidoidea)广肩小蜂科(Eurytomidae)昆虫系统分类和发育系统关系等研究提供分子生物学证据。【方法】采用Illumina HiSeq^TM4000测序平台测定元宝枫刺胫广肩小蜂线粒体全基因组序列，并进行拼接、注释和分析。基于膜翅目小蜂总科40种昆虫线粒体的13个蛋白质编码基因(protein-coding genes, PCGs)的核苷酸序列，应用贝叶斯法(Bayesian inference, BI)和最大似然法(maximum likelihood, ML)构建系统发育树，分析元宝枫刺胫广肩小蜂与小蜂总科其他昆虫的系统发育关系。【结果】元宝枫刺胫广肩小蜂线...     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.