黄瓜去顶苗直接成花的形态学研究

本文对黄瓜０－７天幼苗及去顶后０－８天诱导花芽分化苗与诱导营养芽分化苗的子叶节进行了系统石蜡切片观察,未发现０－７天幼苗的子叶叶腋存在潜伏芽。去顶后１－２天在子叶叶柄基部与切口之间的表皮下细胞分裂形成突起,去顶后６天诱花苗与诱芽苗的突起表现出形态差异,诱花苗突起的上端变钝,而诱芽苗突起的上端成尖锥状。去顶１后８天诱花苗在子叶叶柄与切口之间形成完整的花芽。另发现有少量花芽起源于切口外细胞。对去顶后０     

辽藁本(Ligusticum jeholense)幼苗初生维管系统的发育

应用整体透明和石蜡连续切片等方法,对辽藁本幼苗初生维管系统的发育进行了观察。结果表明：该幼苗的轴向器官中,以子叶节区下部的初生维管系统先建立,向下发育形成了下胚轴和根的维管系统;再向上通过子叶节区中、上部的分生组织性组织与第1片真叶的叶迹相连;上胚轴一苗的维管系统向下发育与子叶迹相连,至此构成了该幼苗完整、连续的初生维管系统。此外,对幼苗侧生器官子叶片的三出一叉状脉的形成进行了观察,认为该叶脉序属于原始脉序类型。     

黄瓜去顶苗花决定临界期的研究

黄瓜幼苗分别培养于诱花和诱导营养芽培养基后,逐日进行了交换培养基试验,并在培养开始２ ｄ 后去顶。诱导营养芽培养基中培养１ ～６ ｄ 后转入诱花培养基,成花率依次递降,７ ｄ 后再转成花率极低。诱花培养基中培养少于５ ｄ 即转诱芽培养基,成花率极低;培养６ ｄ 则跃增;并随诱花培养基中培养天数增加而成花率上升,直至１８ ｄ 达顶点。表明：培养１ ～５ ｄ 期间,诱花培养基作用不明显,诱花培养基的有效作用期为６ ～１２ ｄ（ 去顶后的４ ～１０ ｄ） 。     

黄瓜去顶苗花决定临界期的研究

黄瓜幼苗分别培养于诱化和诱导营养芽培养基后，逐日进行了交换培养基试验，并在培养开始２ｄ后去顶。诱导营养芽培养基中培养１－６ｄ后转入诱花培养基，成花率依次递降，７ｄ后再转成花率极低。诱花培养基中培养少于５ｄ即转诱芽培养基，成花率极低；培养６ｄ则跃增；并随诱花培养基中培养天数增加而成花率上升，直至１８ｄ达顶点。     

深黄被孢霉Δ6—脂肪酸脱氢酶基因导入大豆

采用农杆菌介导的大豆子叶节转化系统成功地将深黄被孢霉Δ6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因导入大豆。从发芽5—7d的大豆菌苗切取子叶节外植体,经农杆菌浸染和共培养后,在含50mg/L卡那霉素的选择培养基上培养2-4w后,从子叶节处诱导出抗性不定芽,将不定芽转移到伸长培养基上,4-6w后长至2-3cm高的再生苗,再将再生苗切下转入生根培养基,2-6w生根,生根后的再生植株经逐渐锻炼移入花盆中,部分移栽成活的T0植株能正常开花结荚。从T0植株上收获T1种子,按株系种植。T0和T1代经PCR检测和DNA分子杂交分析,证明外源基因已导入并整合到大豆的基因组内并能遗传给后代。     

杂种甜椒的离体快速繁殖（简报）

甜椒F1子叶柄的不定芽诱导率比子叶尖的高;暗培养5d后转入光照下培养,促进不定芽的形成和缩短培养周期;6-BA5.0mg@L-1与IAA0.5mg@L-1组合的不定芽诱导率较高;培养基中添加水解酪蛋白和AgNO3后,不定芽诱导率降低;增殖培养基中添加15%椰汁明显改善试管苗的玻璃化和脱叶现象.     

朝鲜白头翁分生结节的诱导与组织解剖学观察

以朝鲜白头翁(Pulsatilla koreana)的叶柄为材料诱导分生结节, 利用常规石蜡切片法和树脂包埋切片法研究了朝鲜白头翁离体形态发生的解剖学特点。结果表明: 叶柄在MS+3 mg⋅L^–1玉米素(zeatin, ZEA)+0.5 mg⋅L^–1吲哚乙酸(IAA)的诱导培养基上培养42天后, 分生结节诱导率为82.5%; 培养56天后, 95%的分生结节转化成不定芽。组织解剖结构观察结果显示, 培养7、14、28和42天时分别观察到前分生结节结构、形成层和拟分生组织结构、顶端分生组织、叶原基结构。朝鲜白头翁的不定芽起源于分生结节内部的维管中心。新分化芽基部类似愈伤组织的细胞团的显微切片结果显示, 基部组织上分布着表皮细胞或下表皮细胞、维管束形成层和拟分生组织细胞, 它们在朝鲜白头翁器官分化中发挥重要作用。     

荔枝茎段离体培养

荔枝的组织培养曾由花药诱导出完整植株。由子叶愈伤组织中分化出根、芽及从嫩梢茎段诱导出根。利用荔枝实生苗茎段为外植体诱导出具根、茎、叶的完整植株,在国内外尚未见报导.以室内播种20—30天的淮枝实生苗和幼年嫁接树为材料,剪取茎段(0.8m)经常规消毒后,接种于诱芽培养基上。一个月后将幼苗转入生根培养基。培养温度20-30℃.得到如下结果:     

深黄被孢霉△6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因导入大豆

采用农杆菌介导的大豆子叶节转化系统成功地将深黄被孢霉△6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因导入大豆.从发芽5-7d的大豆无菌苗切取子叶节外植体,经农杆菌浸染和共培养后,在含50 mg/L卡那霉素的选择培养基上培养2-4w后,从子叶节处诱导出抗性不定芽.将不定芽转移到伸长培养基上,4-6w后长至2-3em高的再生苗.再将再生苗切下转入生根培养基,2-6w生根.生根后的再生植株经逐步锻炼移入花盆中,部分移栽成活的T0植株能正常开花结荚.从T0植株上收获T1种子,按株系种植.T0和T1代经PCR检测和DNA分子杂交分析,证明外源基因已导入并整合到大豆的基因组内并能遗传给后代.     

中国野生葡萄组织培养研究

对中国野生山葡萄左山—1、左山—2、燕山葡萄燕山—1和秋葡萄平利—7的叶片、叶柄、茎段及单芽茎段进行了离体培养研究。诱导左山—1叶片分化出不定芽的培养基为MS BA 5．0mg／L NAA0．1mg／L,诱导率2．5％;诱导平利—7叶柄分化出不定芽的培养基为MS BA7．0mg／L NAA0．1mg／L,诱导率1．95％;诱导左山—1、燕山—1和平利—7茎段分化出不定芽的培养基与叶柄相同,但诱导率相对较高,分别为8．25％、4．88％和6．49％;应用这一培养基对平利—7、左山—2的单芽茎段进行培养,丛状不定芽的诱导率均为100％。不定芽继代培养基为MS BA0．5mg／L IBA0．2mg／L;生根培养基为1／2MS IBA0．1—0.2mg／L。     

大岩桐花萼切块离体培养直接再生花芽的形态观察(简报)

前文发现在基本培养基上添加赤霉素和细胞分裂素能促进离体培养的大岩桐花蕾直接再生花芽[1],后又发现细胞分裂素能协同赤霉素促进离体培养大岩桐花萼切块高频率直接再生花芽[2,3],所得结果提示,这可能是一个研究赤霉素和细胞分裂素在花分化发育中作用的良好实验系统。为了完善这一实验系统,明确离体培养的大岩桐花萼切块培养物直接再生花芽的起源以及花分化的形态进程是十分必要的。为此我们对离体培养大岩桐花萼切块的形态变化在体视显微镜下进行了系统观察,并进行了石蜡切片及电镜扫描观察。进行大岩桐(Sinningia speciosa Hiern)花萼切…     

黄瓜子叶节离体培养物花分化Ca^2＋敏感期的研究（简报）

Cotyledonary nodes of cucumber cultured on calcium-free medium for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6d respectively, were transferred to medium with 6.0 mmol/L CaCl2 for 24h, then returned to calcium-free medium. Cotyledonary nodes cultured on calcium-free or 6.0 mmol/L CaCl2 medium for all time, were taken as controls. Results showed that cotyledonary nodes were transferred to 6.0 mmol/L CaCl2 medium for 24h during 0-3d after the beginning of culture, percentage of floral bud formation at cotyledonary nodes was increased significantly. Transferring cotyledonary nodes on the 3d day after the beginning of culture was achieved best effect, percentage of floral bud formation was up to 34.3%. We deduced that the calcium sensitive period during floral differentiation of cucumber cotyleddonary node cultured in vitro may be 0-4d after the beginning of culture.     

Morpho-histological study on shoot bud regeneration in cotyledon cultures of pepper (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Capsicum annuum</Emphasis>)

Adventitious organogenetic structures were produced in vitro using cotyledon explants excised from 14 day-old pepper seedlings. The best response was observed on MS medium containing 5.7 μM indole-3-acetic acid and 8.8 μM 6-benzylaminopurine. However, when transferred onto elongation medium (MS + 2.8 μM gibberellic acid), these structures frequently developed into leaf-like features rather than into normal shoots. Interestingly, the histological study conducted on the cut end of the cotyledonary petiole revealed a direct induction of numerous teratological protuberances that arise around the cut end of the explant. On the contrary, typical organized bud meristems were rarely observed. Thus, the low number of plants obtained after transfer onto elongation medium seems to be a consequence of this teratological developmental process, frequently associated with fasciated and degenerative meristems, rather than a defect in shoot development from available meristems.     

离体黄瓜子叶节花芽分化与内源激素及多胺的关系

用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定了黄瓜子叶节花芽分化期(0-6天)内源激素及多胺的变化。结果显示,子叶培养0-2天生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA_3)、玉米素(ZT)、脱落酸(ABA)等4种内源激素均明显下降,4-5天略有上升,表明0-2天IAA、GA_3和ABA的剧降有利于花原基形成,3-5天较高的ZT含量有利于花器官原基的形成。除腐胺(Put)外,精胺(Spm)、亚精胺(Spd)、尸胺(Cad)在0-1天均下降,1-4天上升,4-5天再下降,Put在0-1天急剧上升,而后持续下降,表明高水平的内源多胺总量和Put可能有利于花原基分化,2天后Spm含量上升有利于花器官原基分化,而Cad含量变化可能是区别花芽和营养芽分化的特征之一。     

Hormones and young leaves control development of cotyledonary buds in tomato seedlings

Hormonal and plant factors regulating the development of the inhibited cotyledonary buds of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. `Fireball' seedlings were studied. Excision of the immature plumular leaves of 5- to 20- millimeter length significantly stimulated bud development after 2 to 4 days, but excision of leaves exceeding 20-millimeter length was without effect. Apical application of 20 microliters of 5 millimolar abscisic acid significantly promoted development of the cotyledonary buds after 6 days. A subapical ring of 0.1 millimolar concentration of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) in lanolin significantly promoted cotyledonary bud development after 11 days. Twenty microliters of 0.1 millimolar 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) applied directly to the cotyledonary bud loci significantly promoted bud development, but 1 micromolar gibberellin A_4/7 was ineffective. Application of 0.1 millimolar BAP in lanolin to the petiole or hypocotyl was ineffective. However, application of 0.1 millimolar TIBA as a ring around the petioles of the cotyledons or 1-centimeter on the hypocotyl below the cotyledons significantly promoted cotyledonary bud development.     

低营养条件下Paclobutrazol(PP333)对黄瓜去顶幼苗直接形成花芽的影响(简报)

植物开花机理是生物学中的一个基本问题,多年来人们进行过许多的研究,积累了大量的事实,然而对开花的机理仍然还不甚清楚。因而在利用原有实验系统的同时,有必要寻找更多简单,又便于分析的实验系统。Jullien等报告离体培养的大豆子叶节能直接产生花芽。我们在建立离体培养黄瓜子叶直接单独形成雄花或雌花的实验系统的过程中,发现黄瓜幼苗去除顶芽后在子叶节处也能直接形成花芽。这一现象有可能用于深入研究各营养器官和花启动间关系等问题,定将     

黄瓜子叶节离体培养物花分化Ca2+敏感期的研究

植物开花是一个非常复杂的过程,对其机理的研究有着重要的实践意义和理论意义。近百年来进行了广泛的生理生化研究,提出过多种假设。自90年代初成功分离了花器官分化和发育基因以来,使这一研究领域进入了分子水平。钙不仅是植物的矿质营养元素之一,而且Ca~(2+)作为植物的第二信使,参与细胞内多种生理生化活动。许多研究结果表明,Ca~(2+)在成花诱导、花芽形成和分化过程中起重要作用,我们自建立黄瓜子叶培养物离     

离体黄瓜子叶节花芽分化与内源激素及多胺的关系

用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定了黄瓜子叶节花芽分化期(0—6天)内源激素及多胺的变化。结果显示,子叶培养0—2天生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)、玉米素(ZT)、脱落酸(ABA)等4种内源激素均明显下降,4—5天略有上升,表明0-2天IAA、GA3和ABA的剧降有利于花原基形成,3—5天较高的ZT含量有利于花器官原基的形成。除腐胺(Put)外,精胺(Spm)、亚精胺(Spd)、尸胺(Cad)在0—1天均下降,1—4天上升,4—5天再下降,Put在0—1天急剧上升,而后持续下降,表明高水平的内源多胺总量和Put可能有利于花原基分化,2天后Spm含量上升有利于花器官原基分化,而Cad含量变化可能是区别花芽和营养芽分化的特征之一。     

Structural evaluations of zygotic embryos and seedlings of the macaw palm (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Acrocomia aculeata</Emphasis>, Arecaceae) during in vitro germination

Acrocomia aculeata is an oil producing tropical palm tree with exceptional potential for producing biofuel. As the propagation of this species is often difficult because of its pronounced seed dormancy, the present work examined the morphology and the anatomy of zygotic embryos and seedlings during in vitro germination. Embryos were put in MS media supplemented with organic compounds and cultivated in the dark at 30°C for 20 days. The dry weights, lengths, and diameters of the cotyledonary petioles, haustoria, roots, ligules, and leaf sheaths of embryos obtained from mature seeds and seedlings removed from culture were measured every 2 days; anatomical and histochemical evaluations were performed on embryos and seedlings removed from culture after 2, 5, 8, 10, 12, and 15 days. Elongation of the embryo axis was observed to initiate after 2 days. Elongation of the cotyledonary petiole was observed starting on the fifth day; this is a morphological indication of germination that is associated with the formation of starch and raphides as well as the differentiation of tracheary elements. The growth of the cotyledon is due to increases in cell volumes as well as the development of a meristematic band peripheral to the haustorium. In spite of the fact that the radicle is less differentiated than the plumule, radicular development is precocious and the root emerges first, indicating the absence of morphological dormancy. Atrophy of the haustorium and the accumulation of phenolic compounds in subepidermal cell layers occur due to culturing conditions.     

The role of cotyledonary tissue in the differentiation of shoots and roots from cotyledon explants of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.

In cotyledon cultures of Brassica juncea, shoots and roots invariable differentiate at the cut end of the petiole. Organogenesis occurred only if the proximal cut end of the petiole was in contact with the medium. In the absence of the petiole, differentiation from the lamina was rare. Hence investigations were carried out to study the influence of the cotyledonary lamina on regeneration of shoots and roots from the petiolar cut end. The lamina tissue was surgically removed from the cotyledon explants at different durations (0–10 days) after culturing them on either root-forming (basal medium) or shoot-forming (basal medium containing 5.0 M N⁶-benzyladenine) media. The differentiation of roots or shoots from the petioles was dependent on the presence of the lamina for at least 7 days of culture. Quantitative removal of the laminar tissue had a corresponding negative effect on shoot bud differentiation from the petiole. The nature of the lamina factor was found to be auxin-like.