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Résumé Dans cet exposé, nous avons montré que les Abeilles sont capables de changer de place les réserves sucrées et le couvain. Ces comportements ne correspondent pas à des conditions de vie normales de la colonie.Cependant, le transport des réserves indique la possibilité, pour les Abeilles, de réagir à une perturbation importante selon un ordre que nous avions déjà établi dans l'élevage des larves (Montagner, 1962). C'est ainsi qu'en cas de nourrissement brutal et pendant une période de disette, elles tendent à grouper la majeure partie des réserves près de la reine, tout en laissant une place sur un cadre pour la ponte. La reine représenterait donc bien, dans la ruche, le potentiel survie à partir duquel les ouvrières auraient tendance à répartir leurs activités de façon décroissante.Par contre, les transports de couvain ne semblent répondre à aucun plan d'organisation comme chez les Fourmis. Nous avons montré qu'ils étaient associés à de profondes perturbations, telles que le manque de nourriture ou la perte de la reine.
Summary The results of these studies indicate that bees are able to remove sugary stores and brood.We have established that bees remove their stores according to a certain order that we also made evident when studying brood rearing (Montagner, 1962). So, the bees hoarded the most part of their stores in the side of the hive where the queen stood, when we fed them suddenly during a dearth time.Then, the queen would be in beehive the attractive center from which the workers would share theirs activities in a decreasing way.On the contrary, it never seemed to us that the removals of brood were connected to any right order as for ants. We have established that they were associated to great troubles in beehive such as a want of food or the death of the queen.

Zusammenfassung In diesem Bericht haben wir bewiesen, dass die Bienen die Zuckervorräte und die Brut an andere Plätze zu bringen vermögen. Dieses Verhalten entspricht nich den normalen Lebenszuständen der Kolonie.Soch bezeugt der Transport der Vorräte die Möglichkeit für die Bienen, gegen eine erhebliche Störung, nach einer bestimmten Regel zu reagieren, die wir schon bei der Aufzucht der Larven festgestellt haben (Montagner, 1962).Also, im Falle einer plötzlich verstärkten Zufuhr und während einer Mangelperiode haben sie die Neigung, den grössten Teil der Vorräte um die Königin zu sammeln, indem sie aber einen Platz für das Eierlegen auf einem Rahmen frei lassen. Die Königin würde also im Bienenstock die Möglichkeit der Fortdauer darstellen. Von dieser Tatsache ausgehend würden die Arbeiterinnen also ihre Tätigkeit in abnehmender Weise ausüben.Im Gegenteil scheinen die Brutversetzungen keinem Organisationsplan zu entsprechen, wie es bei den Ameisen der Fall ist. Wir haben gezeigt, dass sie mit schwerwiegenden Störungen, wie z. B. dem Nahrungsmangel oder dem Tod der Königin, in Verbindung stehen.
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《IRBM》2008,29(1):20-24
A computational model based on finite element method is derived to examine how the simulated time-dependent signals are related to the presence of residual fluorescence in biological media surrounding a fluorescent object. We apply a subtraction technique on recorded data when imperfect uptake of fluorescing agent into the tumor is considered. We show the limits of the subtracting method for low target: background fluorescent absorption contrast by extracting the time to reach the half maximum and analyzing the maximum of the time-resolved signals versus target depth.  相似文献   

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Background

Lipoproteins are closely associated with the atherosclerotic vascular process. Elevated levels of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein AI (apo AI) in plasma indicate a low probability of coronary heart disease (CHD) together with enhanced longevity, and elevated levels of low-density lipoproteincholesterol (LDL-C) and apo B indicate an increased risk of CHD and death. Studies linking gene activation and the induction of cytochrome P450 with elevated plasma levels of apo AI and HDL-C and lowered plasma levels of LDL-C presented a new potential approach to prevent and treat atherosclerotic disease.

Objective and methods

This is a review aimed at clarifying the effects of P450-enzymes and gene activation on cholesterol homeostasis, the atherosclerotic vascular process, prevention and regression of atherosclerosis and the manifestation of atherosclerotic disease, particularly CHD, the leading cause of death in the world.

Results

P450-enzymes maintain cellular cholesterol homeostasis. They respond to cholesterol accumulation by enhancing the generation of hydroxycholesterols (oxysterols) and activating cholesterol-eliminating mechanisms. The CYP7A1, CYP27A1, CYP46A1 and CYP3A4 enzymes generate major oxysterols that enter the circulation. The oxysterols activate — via nuclear receptors — ATP-binding cassette (ABC) A1 and other genes, leading to the elimination of excess cholesterol and protecting arteries from atherosclerosis. Several drugs and nonpharmacologic compounds are ligands for the liver X receptor, pregnane X receptor and other receptors, activate P450 and other genes involved in cholesterol elimination, prevent or regress atherosclerosis and reduce cardiovascular events.

Conclusions

P450-enzymes are essential in the physiological maintenance of cholesterol balance. They activate mechanisms which eliminate excess cholesterol and counteract the atherosclerotic process. Several drugs and nonpharmacologic compounds induce P450 and other genes, prevent or regress atherosclerosis and reduce the occurrence of non-fatal and fatal CHD and other atherosclerotic diseases.  相似文献   

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Summary Human meiotic chromosomes, from spermatocytes and ovocytes, are described after observations of whole mount preparations under E.M. Small testicular and ovarian fragments are put in distillated water, then macerated; the cell suspension is spread on the surface of sheet copper grids covered with formvar plus collodion films. After dehydratation interesting stages are selected under L.M. before observations under E.M.Zygotene and pachytene are the most common stages. During pachytene the chromomeres are well individualized; the synaptonemal complex may be observed; chromatin fibers connect the chromosomes to nuclear pores, interchromosomal fibers joint the bivalents. Zygotene and pachytene bivalents are very similar in the male and the feminine germ cells.  相似文献   

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Summary The electrophoretic polymorphism of post-albumin and transferin was investigated in 46 apes of the Pan troglodytes. Gorilla gorilla and Pongo pygmaeus subspecies. This type of study enables the different subspecies to be distinguished and the ancestral from to be identified. The pattern of individual variability is found to be different between the various ape species and Homo sapiens.
Polymorphisme electrophorétique de la post-albumine et de la transferrine dans les différentes sous-espèces de singes anthropoïdes
Résumé Le polymorphisme électrophorétique de la postalbumine et de la transferine est étudié chez 46 individus apprrtenent à diverses sous-espèces de Pan troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla et Pongo pygmaeus. Il est ainsi possible de distinguer les différentes sous-espèces et de proposer lesquelles d'entre elles sont les formes ancestrales. L'étendue du polymorphisme est différente chez les différentes espèces de singes et chez Homo sapiens.
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IntroductionBronchiectasis is a chronic disease of the lungs by repeated respiratory infection. An early and adequate diagnosis and management reduce the morbidity and mortality of this disease. The aim of this study is to emphasize the importance of the combination of Computer Tomography (CT) and lung perfusion scan (SPP) in the diagnosis and therapeutic approach.Materials and methodsForty-three children were referred in the nuclear medicine department with a clinical diagnosis of bronchiectasis; they underwent a CT and a SPP.Results and conclusionBy analyzing the results of the SPP and CT separately, we conclude that there is no significant difference between the two investigations. The combination of the two explorations provides a gain in most surgical therapeutic orientation.  相似文献   

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Résumé Les cellules cartilagineuses des membres postérieurs deTriturus cristatus en régénération après amputation, ont été étudiées en microscopie électronique et par cytophotométrie à balayage. Nous nous sommes intéressés à la structure et à la distribution de la chromatine mais aussi à différents organites cytoplasmiques. Dans l'étude de cytophotométrie à balayage, la chromatine a été considérée à travers son constituant majeur, l'ADN, coloré par la réaction de Feulgen. Au cours de la régénération du membre, l'hétérochromatine initialement condensée, essentiellement accolée à la membrane nucléaire se décondense. Les vacuoles du cytoplasme, caractéristiques des animaux âgés par rapport aux animaux jeunes, disparaissent, les mitochondries et le reticulum endoplasmique rugueux deviennent plus abondants. Les caractéristiques nucléaires de l'activation cellulaire apparaissent précocement, précédent les modifications cytoplasmiques et conduisent à des cellules en tous points identiques aux cellules d'animaux jeunes en dehors de tout processus régénératif. Cette phase d'euchromatisation et de restructuration cytoplasmique est peut-être nécessaire à l'accroissement d'activité métabolique et à la division cellulaire qui suivent. Son déroulement peut expliquer tout au moins le ralentissement de la régénération observé chez les animaux âgés par rapport aux animaux jeunes.
Electron microscopic and scanning cytophotometric study of chromatin structure and distribution in nuclei of cartilaginous cells of agedTriturus cristatus during regeneration
Summary Cartilaginous cells of aged newts (Triturus cristatus) were studied during hind limb regeneration. The electron microscope was used to study the structure and distribution of chromatin in the cell nuclei, while the DNA content of the chromatin was measured by means of a scanning cytophotometer.Changes in the ultrastructure of the cytoplasm during regeneration were also studied.It was observed that the structure and distribution of chromatin in the activated cell is greatly modified. In the non-activated cell of the aged newt, the chromatin is found highly condensed and distributed peripherally close to the nuclear membrane. In contrast, in the activated cells, the chromatin is much less condensed and is distributed throughout the nucleus. Moreover, cytoplasmic vacuoles, found only in the non-activated aged cells, disappear and an increase in the mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum is also observed.Changes in the nuclear structure are observed prior to the cytoplasmic modifications.It is interesting to note that the process of activation induces structural changes in the aged cells which make these cells appear to be structurally identical to the young cells. This process of rejuvenation takes 3–5 days in the newt.We suggest that these structural changes of the chromatin and cytoplasm in the aged cells are necessary to increase the metabolic activity which precedes cell division. It may also explain why regeneration takes a longer time in the aged animals than in the young ones.
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