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1.
Andrew Brandmaier Sheng-Qi Hou Sandra Demaria Silvia C. Formenti Wen H. Shen 《生物学前沿》2017,12(3):163-174
Background
PTEN is well known to function as a tumor suppressor that antagonizes oncogenic signaling and maintains genomic stability. The PTEN gene is frequently deleted or mutated in human cancers and the wide cancer spectrum associated with PTEN deficiency has been recapitulated in a variety of mouse models of Pten deletion or mutation. Pten mutations are highly penetrant in causing various types of spontaneous tumors that often exhibit resistance to anticancer therapies including immunotherapy. Recent studies demonstrate that PTEN also regulates immune functionality.Objective
To understand the multifaceted functions of PTEN as both a tumor suppressor and an immune regulator.Methods
This review will summarize the emerging knowledge of PTEN function in cancer immunoediting. In addition, the mechanisms underlying functional integration of various PTEN pathways in regulating cancer evolution and tumor immunity will be highlighted.Results
Recent preclinical and clinical studies revealed the essential role of PTEN in maintaining immune homeostasis, which significantly expands the repertoire of PTEN functions. Mechanistically, aberrant PTEN signaling alters the interplay between the immune system and tumors, leading to immunosuppression and tumor escape.Conclusion
Rational design of personalized anti-cancer treatment requires mechanistic understanding of diverse PTEN signaling pathways in modulation of the crosstalk between tumor and immune cells.2.
Amir Abdoli 《生物学前沿》2017,12(6):387-391
Background
Inflammatory conditions are involved in the pathophysiology of cancer. Recent findings have revealed that excessive salt and fat intake is involved in the development of severe inflammatory reactions.Methods
literature search was performed on various online databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) regarding the roles of high salt and fat intake in the induction of inflammatory reactions and their roles in the etiopathogenesis of cancer.Results
The results indicate that high salt and fat intake can induce severe inflammatory conditions. However, various inflammatory conditions have been strongly linked to the development of cancer. Hence, high salt and fat intake might be involved in the pathogenesis of cancer progression via putative mechanisms related to inflammatory reactions.Conclusion
Reducing salt and fat intake may decrease the risk of cancer.3.
Jie Yang Jianhua Cheng Bo Sun Haijing Li Shengming Wu Fangting Dong Xianzhong Yan 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(4):40
Introduction
Hypoxia commonly occurs in cancers and is highly related with the occurrence, development and metastasis of cancer. Treatment of triple negative breast cancer remains challenge. Knowledge about the metabolic status of triple negative breast cancer cell lines in hypoxia is valuable for the understanding of molecular mechanisms of this tumor subtype to develop effective therapeutics.Objectives
Comprehensively characterize the metabolic profiles of triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 in normoxia and hypoxia and the pathways involved in metabolic changes in hypoxia.Methods
Differences in metabolic profiles affected pathways of MDA-MB-231 cells in normoxia and hypoxia were characterized using GC–MS based untargeted and stable isotope assisted metabolomic techniques.Results
Thirty-three metabolites were significantly changed in hypoxia and nine pathways were involved. Hypoxia increased glycolysis, inhibited TCA cycle, pentose phosphate pathway and pyruvate carboxylation, while increased glutaminolysis in MDA-MB-231 cells.Conclusion
The current results provide metabolic differences of MDA-MB-231 cells in normoxia and hypoxia conditions as well as the involved metabolic pathways, demonstrating the power of combined use of untargeted and stable isotope-assisted metabolomic methods in comprehensive metabolomic analysis.4.
Hye-Jeong Song Eun-Suk Yang Jong-Dae Kim Chan-Young Park Min-Sun Kyung Yu-Seop Kim 《Biomedical engineering online》2018,17(2):152
Background
Screening test using CA-125 is the most common test for detecting ovarian cancer. However, the level of CA-125 is diverse by variable condition other than ovarian cancer. It has led to misdiagnosis of ovarian cancer.Methods
In this paper, we explore the 16 serum biomarker for finding alternative biomarker combination to reduce misdiagnosis. For experiment, we use the serum samples that contain 101 cancer and 92 healthy samples. We perform two major tasks: Marker selection and Classification. For optimal marker selection, we use genetic algorithm, random forest, T-test and logistic regression. For classification, we compare linear discriminative analysis, K-nearest neighbor and logistic regression.Results
The final results show that the logistic regression gives high performance for both tasks, and HE4-ELISA, PDGF-AA, Prolactin, TTR is the best biomarker combination for detecting ovarian cancer.Conclusions
We find the combination which contains TTR and Prolactin gives high performance for cancer detection. Early detection of ovarian cancer can reduce high mortality rates. Finding a combination of multiple biomarkers for diagnostic tests with high sensitivity and specificity is very important.5.
Background
Pseudomyxoma peritonei is a rare condition consisting of mucinous ascites, most commonly arising from mucinous tumors of the appendix and occasionally from the ovary. Very rarely mucinous implants arise in the retroperitoneum without any intra-peritoneal involvement. This has been termed as pseudomyxoma extraperitonei.Case presentation
We report a case of a 57 year old man who developed pseudomyxoma extraperitonei, 35 years after undergoing an appendicectomy for a perforated appendix.Conclusions
Pseudomyxoma extraperitonei has been previously reported, however we report the longest incubation period of 35 years for this condition.6.
N. Cesbron A.-L. Royer Y. Guitton A. Sydor B. Le Bizec G. Dervilly-Pinel 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(8):99
Introduction
Collecting feces is easy. It offers direct outcome to endogenous and microbial metabolites.Objectives
In a context of lack of consensus about fecal sample preparation, especially in animal species, we developed a robust protocol allowing untargeted LC-HRMS fingerprinting.Methods
The conditions of extraction (quantity, preparation, solvents, dilutions) were investigated in bovine feces.Results
A rapid and simple protocol involving feces extraction with methanol (1/3, M/V) followed by centrifugation and a step filtration (10 kDa) was developed.Conclusion
The workflow generated repeatable and informative fingerprints for robust metabolome characterization.7.
Sami Akbulut Ilker Arer Alper Kocbiyik Mahmut Can Yağmurdur Hamdi Karakayalı Mehmet Haberal 《International Seminars in Surgical Oncology : ISSO》2009,6(1):4
Background
This retrospective study analysed the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic profiles of breast cancer in males.Methods
We report our experience at the Hospital of the University of Baskent, where 20 cases of male breast cancer were observed and treated between 1995–2008.Results
Median age at presentation was 66,7 ± 10,9 years. Average follow-up was 63 ± 18,5 months. The main presenting symptom was a mass in 65% of cases (13 patients). Ýnvasive ductal carcinoma was the most frequent pathologic type (70% of cases).Conclusion
Male breast cancer patients have an incidence of prostate cancer higher than would be predicted in the general population. Cause of men have a higher rate of ER positivity the responses with hormonal agents are good.8.
Dingcheng Gao Vivek Mittal Yi Ban Ana Rita Lourenco Shira Yomtoubian Sharrell Lee 《生物学前沿》2018,13(4):277-286
Background
Metastasis is the primary cause of mortality in cancer patients. Therefore, elucidating the genetics and epigenetics of metastatic tumor cells and the mechanisms by which tumor cells acquire metastatic properties constitute significant challenges in cancer research.Objective
To summarize the current understandings of the specific genotype and phenotype of the metastatic tumor cells.Method and Result
In-depth genetic analysis of tumor cells, especially with advances in the next-generation sequencing, have revealed insights of the genotypes of metastatic tumor cells. Also, studies have shown that the cancer stem cell (CSC) and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypes are associated with the metastatic cascade.Conclusion
In this review, we will discuss recent advances in the field by focusing on the genomic instability and phenotypic dynamics of metastatic tumor cells.9.
Rachel A. Spicer Christoph Steinbeck 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(1):16
Introduction
Data sharing is being increasingly required by journals and has been heralded as a solution to the ‘replication crisis’.Objectives
(i) Review data sharing policies of journals publishing the most metabolomics papers associated with open data and (ii) compare these journals’ policies to those that publish the most metabolomics papers.Methods
A PubMed search was used to identify metabolomics papers. Metabolomics data repositories were manually searched for linked publications.Results
Journals that support data sharing are not necessarily those with the most papers associated to open metabolomics data.Conclusion
Further efforts are required to improve data sharing in metabolomics.10.
Seyed Mehdi Sajjadi Abbas Khosravi Jalil Pakravesh Zahra-soheila Soheili Shahram Samiei Saeed Mohammadi Mohammad Ali Jalali far 《生物学前沿》2016,11(6):471-475
BACKGROUND
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a heterogeneous condition and thrombophilias have been considered as a probable cause.OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the coagulation factor XIII Val34Leu polymorphism among women with unexplained RPL.METHODS
A total of 140 women with a history of unexplained RPL and 100 age-matched healthy fertile women were recruited. The presence of FXIII Val34Leu polymorphism among the cases and controls was investigated using PCR-RFLP method.RESULTS
Genotype analyses of the subjects revealed that the patients had a significantly higher prevalence of V/L and L/L than the controls (P<0.05): 33.5% vs. 15%, and 9.2% vs. 2%, respectively.CONCLUSION
These results indicate a significant association between FXIII Val34Leu polymorphism and unexplained RPL in the Iranian patient.11.
Emily G. Armitage Andrew D. Southam 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2016,12(9):146
Introduction
Cellular metabolism is altered during cancer initiation and progression, which allows cancer cells to increase anabolic synthesis, avoid apoptosis and adapt to low nutrient and oxygen availability. The metabolic nature of cancer enables patient cancer status to be monitored by metabolomics and lipidomics. Additionally, monitoring metabolic status of patients or biological models can be used to greater understand the action of anticancer therapeutics.Objectives
Discuss how metabolomics and lipidomics can be used to (i) identify metabolic biomarkers of cancer and (ii) understand the mechanism-of-action of anticancer therapies. Discuss considerations that can maximize the clinical value of metabolic cancer biomarkers including case–control, prognostic and longitudinal study designs.Methods
A literature search of the current relevant primary research was performed.Results
Metabolomics and lipidomics can identify metabolic signatures that associate with cancer diagnosis, prognosis and disease progression. Discriminatory metabolites were most commonly linked to lipid or energy metabolism. Case–control studies outnumbered prognostic and longitudinal approaches. Prognostic studies were able to correlate metabolic features with future cancer risk, whereas longitudinal studies were most effective for studying cancer progression. Metabolomics and lipidomics can help to understand the mechanism-of-action of anticancer therapeutics and mechanisms of drug resistance.Conclusion
Metabolomics and lipidomics can be used to identify biomarkers associated with cancer and to better understand anticancer therapies.12.
Background
Human cancers are complex ecosystems composed of cells with distinct molecular signatures. Such intratumoral heterogeneity poses a major challenge to cancer diagnosis and treatment. Recent advancements of single-cell techniques such as scRNA-seq have brought unprecedented insights into cellular heterogeneity. Subsequently, a challenging computational problem is to cluster high dimensional noisy datasets with substantially fewer cells than the number of genes.Methods
In this paper, we introduced a consensus clustering framework conCluster, for cancer subtype identification from single-cell RNA-seq data. Using an ensemble strategy, conCluster fuses multiple basic partitions to consensus clusters.Results
Applied to real cancer scRNA-seq datasets, conCluster can more accurately detect cancer subtypes than the widely used scRNA-seq clustering methods. Further, we conducted co-expression network analysis for the identified melanoma subtypes.Conclusions
Our analysis demonstrates that these subtypes exhibit distinct gene co-expression networks and significant gene sets with different functional enrichment.13.
Robert M Kirby Abdul Basit Quang T Nguyen Anthony Jaipersad Rebecca Billingham 《International Seminars in Surgical Oncology : ISSO》2007,4(1):30
Aims
This paper describes a simple technique of axillary and breast massage which improves the successful identification of blue sentinel nodes using patent blue dye alone.Methods
Patent blue dye was injected in the subdermal part of the retroaroelar area in 167 patients having surgical treatment for invasive breast cancer. Three stage axillary lymphatic massage was performed prior to making the axillary incision for sentinel lymph node biopsy. All patients had completion axillary sampling or clearance.Results
A blue lymphatic duct leading to lymph nodes of the first drainage was identified in 163 (97%) of the patients. Results are compared with 168 patients who had sentinel lymph node biopsy using blue dye without axillary massage. Allergic reactions were observed in four patients (1.2%).Conclusion
Three stage axillary lymphatic massage improves the successful identification of a blue sentinel lymph node in breast cancer patients.14.
Background
In recent years the visualization of biomagnetic measurement data by so-called pseudo current density maps or Hosaka-Cohen (HC) transformations became popular.Methods
The physical basis of these intuitive maps is clarified by means of analytically solvable problems.Results
Examples in magnetocardiography, magnetoencephalography and magnetoneurography demonstrate the usefulness of this method.Conclusion
Hardware realizations of the HC-transformation and some similar transformations are discussed which could advantageously support cross-platform comparability of biomagnetic measurements.15.
Objectives
To characterize biomarkers that underlie osteosarcoma (OS) metastasis based on an ego-network.Results
From the microarray data, we obtained 13,326 genes. By combining PPI data and microarray data, 10,520 shared genes were found and constructed into ego-networks. 17 significant ego-networks were identified with p < 0.05. In the pathway enrichment analysis, seven ego-networks were identified with the most significant pathway.Conclusions
These significant ego-modules were potential biomarkers that reveal the potential mechanisms in OS metastasis, which may contribute to understanding cancer prognoses and providing new perspectives in the treatment of cancer.16.
Konstantinos Kontzoglou Michael Stamatakos Sofia Tsaknaki Helen Goga Alkiviades Kostakis Michael Safioleas 《International Seminars in Surgical Oncology : ISSO》2009,6(1):7
Background
Nowadays, more breast cancer patients want to have children after the diagnosis of cancer. The purpose of this study is to review the possibility and risks of giving birth among women with breast cancer previously treated by chemotherapy.Case presentation
Two young women aged 28 and 34 respectively, were treated in our clinic for breast cancer, the first (negative hormonal receptors) by surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy and the second (positive hormonal receptors) by surgery, radiotherapy and tamoxifen. They both became pregnant, 1 and 8 years after completion of the therapy respectively.Results
Laboratory testing during pregnancy was negative in both cases and after an uneventful course each woman gave birth to a perfectly healthy child. The first patient breastfed her baby for three months, while the second one did not breastfeed her baby at all.Conclusion
Women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer can maintain their fertility and get pregnant. Previous chemotherapy for breast cancer does not present any supplementary risks for the child's mental or physical health.17.
Sun Ha Jee Minjoo Kim Minkyung Kim Miso Kang Yoon Wook Seo Keum Ji Jung Sun Ju Lee Seri Hong Jong Ho Lee 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2016,12(11):164
Introduction
Although smoking is a major risk factor for pharyngolaryngeal cancer, most smokers do not develop pharyngolaryngeal cancer.Objectives
In the prospective Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II), we investigated the application of metabolomics to differentiate smokers with incident pharyngolaryngeal cancer (pharyngolaryngeal cancer group) from smokers who remained free from cancer (controls) during a mean follow-up period of 7 years and aimed to discover valuable early biomarkers of pharyngolaryngeal cancer.Methods
We used baseline serum samples from 30 smoking men with incident pharyngolaryngeal cancer and 59 age-matched cancer-free smoking men. Metabolic alterations associated with the incidence of pharyngolaryngeal cancer were investigated by performing metabolomics on baseline serum samples using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-linear-trap quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry.Results
Compared to the control group, the pharyngolaryngeal cancer group showed significantly higher oxidized LDL levels. Seventeen metabolites were differentially abundant between the two groups. At baseline, compared to controls, smokers with incident pharyngolaryngeal cancer during follow-up showed significantly higher levels of pyroglutamic acid (glutathione metabolism) but lower levels of lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs) C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C17:0, C18:0, and C20:5; glycerophosphocholine; PC C36:5; lysoPEs C16:0, C20:1, and C22:0 (glycerophospholipid metabolism); SM (d18:0/16:1); and SM (d18:1/18:1) (sphingomyelin metabolism). Furthermore, smokers with incident pharyngolaryngeal cancer showed significantly higher levels of oleamide and lower levels of tryptophan and linoleyl carnitine at baseline than cancer-free smokers.Conclusion
This prospective study showed the clinical relevance of dysregulated metabolism of glutathione, glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids to the pathogenesis of pharyngolaryngeal cancer among smokers. These data suggest that the dysregulation of these metabolic processes may be a key mechanism underlying pharyngolaryngeal cancer progression and development.18.
John J Ryan Benjamin L Dows Michael V Kirk Xueming Chen Jeffrey R Eastman Rodney J Dyer Lemont B Kier 《BMC research notes》2010,3(1):36
Background
Despite constant progress, cancer remains the second leading cause of death in the United States. The ability of tumors to metastasize is central to this dilemma, as many studies demonstrate successful treatment correlating to diagnosis prior to cancer spread. Hence a better understanding of cancer invasiveness and metastasis could provide critical insight.Presentation of the hypothesis
We hypothesize that a systems biology-based comparison of cancer invasiveness and suburban sprawl will reveal similarities that are instructive.Testing the hypothesis
We compare the structure and behavior of invasive cancer to suburban sprawl development. While these two systems differ vastly in dimension, they appear to adhere to scale-invariant laws consistent with invasive behavior in general. We demonstrate that cancer and sprawl have striking similarities in their natural history, initiating factors, patterns of invasion, vessel distribution and even methods of causing death.Implications of the hypothesis
We propose that metastatic cancer and suburban sprawl provide striking analogs in invasive behavior, to the extent that conclusions from one system could be predictive of behavior in the other. We suggest ways in which this model could be used to advance our understanding of cancer biology and treatment.19.
Introduction
Untargeted metabolomics is a powerful tool for biological discoveries. To analyze the complex raw data, significant advances in computational approaches have been made, yet it is not clear how exhaustive and reliable the data analysis results are.Objectives
Assessment of the quality of raw data processing in untargeted metabolomics.Methods
Five published untargeted metabolomics studies, were reanalyzed.Results
Omissions of at least 50 relevant compounds from the original results as well as examples of representative mistakes were reported for each study.Conclusion
Incomplete raw data processing shows unexplored potential of current and legacy data.20.
Benedito B da Silva Daniel S Moita Cleicilene G Pires Edílson C Sousa-Junior Alesse R dos Santos Pedro V Lopes-Costa 《International Seminars in Surgical Oncology : ISSO》2007,4(1):18