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Clément Zanolli 《American journal of physical anthropology》2015,156(1):148-157
This contribution investigates the inner organizational pattern (tooth tissue proportions and enamel–dentine junction morphology) of seven Homo erectus permanent molar crowns from the late Lower‐early Middle Pleistocene Kabuh Formation of the Sangiran Dome (Central Java, Indonesia). The previous study of their external characteristics confirmed the degree of time‐related structural reduction occurred in Javanese H. erectus, and also revealed a combination of nonmetric features which are rare in the Lower and early Middle Pleistocene dental record, but more frequently found in recent humans. In accordance with their outer occlusal morphology, the specimens exhibit a set of derived internal features, such as thick to hyperthick enamel, an incomplete expression of the crest patterns at the enamel–dentine junction (EDJ) level, a sharp EDJ topography. As a whole, these features differ from those expressed in some penecontemporaneous specimens/samples representing African H. erectus/ergaster and H. heidelbergensis, as well as in Neanderthals, but occur in recent human populations. Further research in virtual dental paleoanthropology to be developed at macroregional scale would clarify the polarity and intensity of the intermittent exchanges between continental and insular Southeast Asia around the Lower to Middle Pleistocene boundary, as well as should shed light on the still poorly understood longitudinal evolutionary dynamics across continental Asia. Am J Phys Anthropol 156:148–157, 2015 © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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ZHANG Yinyun 《人类学学报》2005,24(03):171
Nanjing, the Homo sapiens erectus fossil site, is a geographical intermediary between Zhoukoudian, North China, and Sangiran, Indonesia. Fortunately, the Nanjing 1 cranium preserves facial skeleton, which is comparable with those from Zhoukoudian and Sangiran. To examine the geographic variation of Homo sapiens erectus in China, a comparison of Nanjing 1 with Sangiran 17 and Zhoukoudian 11 in facial morphology is made in this paper. The comparison shows that Nanjing 1 resembles Zhoukoudian 11 in many features, including smaller face, flat infraorbital region, flatter upper face, less massive supraorbital torus, mesoconchy orbit, obtuse angle shape of inferolateral margin of the orbit, clear expression of the malar incisure, and high base of zygomatic process of maxilla. However, Nanjing 1 resembles Sangiran 17 in other features. These features include broad face, the supraorbital torus projecting more medially than laterally in superion view, relatively horizontal orientation of the inferior border of the supraorbital torus, distinct internasal keeling, tented shape of saddle in transverse section, eversion of the low border of the zygomatic, a more laterally situated malar tubercle, and a higher zygomatic bone. Nanjing 1, as Hexian does, is a morphological intermediary between Zhoukoudian and Sagiran, and suggests a geographic variation between North and South Homo sapiens erectus in China. The morphology of Nanjing 1 supportsthe contention that \"There may have been a gradient in morphology running from the north to the south of East Asia\"( Wolpoff, 1999) . 相似文献
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本文对南京直立人1号头骨与印尼Sangiran17头骨和周口店11号头骨作面颅形态上的比较。结果表明,南京1号头骨的面颅与周口店11号头骨的有许多共同的形态:较小的面颅尺寸、眶下区呈扁平状、较扁平的上部颜面、眶上圆枕较纤细、中眶型的眼眶、发育有颧切迹、上颌骨颧突基部位置较高等。南京1号头骨的面颅在另外一些方面显示出与Sangiran17头骨的形态上相近:阔上面型的面型、眶上圆枕内侧部比外侧部稍靠前、眶上圆枕下缘略呈平直状、鼻梁发育有中矢锐嵴、鼻梁横向呈峰状拱起、颧骨下缘外展、颧结节相对位置稍偏外侧、颧骨较高等。南京直立人面颅兼具周口店直立人11号头骨的和印尼直立人Sangiran17头骨的形态。从南京直立人的面颅形态可以推测我国南方的与北方的直立人群之间在体质形态上已经出现一定程度的地理变异。南京1号头骨面颅上的某些形态特征,如颧骨下缘外展等,可能反映了特征的梯度变异现象。这些特征的梯度变异的成因目前还很难确定。 相似文献
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Lynne A. Isbell Jill D. Pruetz Michelle Lewis Truman P. Young 《American journal of physical anthropology》1998,105(2):199-207
Homo erectus is notable for its taller stature and longer lower limbs relative to earlier hominids, but the selective pressures favoring such long limbs are unclear. Among anthropoid primates, patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) and extant hominids share several extreme characteristics involved with foraging and movement, including the relatively longest lower limb proportions, longest daily travel distances and largest home ranges for their body or group size, occupancy of some of the driest habitats, and very efficient thermoregulatory systems. We suggest that patas monkeys are an appropriate behavioral model with which to speculate on the selective pressures that might have operated on H. erectus to increase lower limb length. Here, in a comparison of the locomotor activities of patas monkeys and sympatric, closely related vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops), we provide evidence for the hypothesis that patas use their long stride more to increase foraging efficiency while walking than to run, either from predators or otherwise. Am J Phys Anthropol 105:199–207, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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1981年发现的安徽和县猿人化石 总被引：2，自引：4，他引：2
本文记述1981年在安徽和县发现的人的五枚牙齿化石、额骨眶上部残片及顶骨残片一块。研究表明,大多数形态特征与北京猿人非常相似,但也有较北京猿人进步的特征。和县猿人无疑地属直立人(Homo erectus),和县猿人的门齿与元谋猿人的门齿,在形态特征上存在较大的差别。 相似文献
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Erik Trinkaus 《American journal of physical anthropology》1984,64(2):137-139
Kennedy (1983) has proposed that the KNM-ER 1481A femur represents Homo erectus and establishes the presence of this species at ca. 2.0.myr BP. A reconsideration of her criteria for taxonomic attribution indicates that its morphology implies only that it is an archaic member of the genus Homo. Its geochronological position, in conjunction with its morphology, suggest that it is best referred to H. habilis. 相似文献
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贵州桐梓新发现的人类化石 《人类学学报》1984,3(3):195-300
本文主要描述1983年在贵州桐梓县岩灰洞新发现的四枚人类牙齿化石,并对1972年在该洞发现的两枚人类牙齿一并作进一步的讨论。经研究表明,它们的形态特征与北京猿人非常相似,而与早期智人有着明显的差异。因此,我们认为桐梓人类化石似应属直立人(Homoerectus),而不是以前认为的早期智人(early Homo sapiens)。该遗址的地质时代为更新世中期。 相似文献
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ZHANG Yin-yun; LIU Wu 《人类学学报》2002,21(02):87
The comparisons of maxillary dental fossils of Homo erectus and early Homo sapiens found in China show that most of the dental measurements of early Homo sapiens are within the ranges of Homo erectus, except the central incisor breadth which is larger in early Homo sapiens. Almost all the dental nonmetric characters of Homo erectus can be found in early Homo sapiens. The results of the comparisons suggest that there may not be a clear species boundary between Homo erectus and early Homo sapiens, and the opinion that Homo erectus should be merged with early Homo sapiens is accept- able by the present study.<br>The comparisons of present study also show that the dental remains from Tongzi, Yiyuan, Yunxian, Luonan and Xichuan may be reclassified as early Homo sapiens, although these fossils have been believed to be Homo erectus. 相似文献
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对直立人与早期智人的上颌牙齿特征的比较表明 :直立人牙齿的长宽尺寸 ,除中门齿唇舌径外 ,与早期智人的相应值很难区分 -早期智人的长宽尺寸多在直立人相应值的变异范围之内 ;直立人牙齿的观察性特征几乎都能在早期智人某些成员中见到。这意味着直立人与早期智人可能并无“种”而只有“亚种”这一分类级别上的差异 ,把直立人并入智人种这一建议是可取的。对若干化石地点的单个牙齿进行的重新鉴定表明 :桐梓、沂源、郧县梅铺、洛南和淅川的人类牙齿不一定是代表直立人的 ,有可能是代表早期智人的。 相似文献
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郧县人类头骨化石与周口店直立人头骨的形态比较 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
对郧县人类头骨化石与周口店直立人头骨作了形态上的比较以检验直立人特征在郧县头骨化石上的表现情况．比较项目包括眶上圆枕、枕骨圆枕、枕平面与项平面之间的转折情况、眶后收缩、颅骨最大宽位置、颅盖低平情况、前额后倾情况和颅容量．结果表明,在郧县人类头骨化石的这些特征项目中,有的因头骨破损和变形而难以肯定．其余的则应是早期智人的特征．从形态上讲,郧县人类头骨化石目前还难肯定是属于直立人,而有可能属于智人,如果认为“直立人”和“智人”是两个不同的物种的话． 相似文献
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G E Kennedy 《American journal of physical anthropology》1984,65(2):163-168
Initial reports of hominids recovered at Kow Swamp, in the Murray Valley of Victoria indicated that, on the basis of cranial analyses, there was a "survival of Homo erectus features in Australia until as recently as 10,000 years ago (Thorne and Macumber, 1972, p. 316). This claim was later refuted by others, who suggested that artificial cranial deformation may have been responsible for at least some of the distinctive and "primitive" traits seen in the Kow Swamp individuals. Previous research by this worker and others has indicated that taxonomic traits at both specific and subspecific levels are present in hominine femora. Therefore, it may be possible to evaluate the "primitiveness" of the Kow Swamp sample on the basis of their femoral anatomy. Morphometric analyses were undertaken, using as controls femora of Romano British, Tasmanian, and other Murray Valley populations. On the basis of bivariate and multivariate analyses it was found that, at least in this single element of the postcranium, no primitive features were present. The Kow Swamp sample, in fact, shows a very close morphometric relationship with all included Homo sapiens controls and is significantly distinct from Homo erectus. 相似文献
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Francesc RIBOT Trafí 《人类学学报》2018,37(03):352
The establishment of the new species ‘Homo antecessor’ was mainly based on the remains of an immature individual ATD6-69,found at the TD6 litostratigraphic unit (LU) of the Gran Dolina site in the Sierra de Atapuerca—Burgos,northern Spain[1],along with cranial,mandibular and dental traits from other fossil hominid specimens recovered in the same level. TD6 LU was initially dated about 0.78 Ma[2] using ESR-U-series; but recent redatings,employing TL and IRSL methods,suggest that its age is between 0,9-0,95 Ma. It seems that there is general consensus that TD6 LU corresponds to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 25. TD6-69 specimen,a partial face with R P3,M1,and germs of M2 and M3; and L I2-M1,was found in the so-called “Aurora stratum”,~1.5 m below the Brunhes–Matuyama (B–M) geomagnetic boundary. This “stratum” was in fact,an excavation area of only 6 m2 for archaeological test pit purposes. There is no real basis,from an earnest stratigraphic point of view,to consider such sedimentary level as a new litostratigraphic unit and,therefore,“Aurora stratum” should be take into account as an informal archaeo-sedimentary small area whose name was established to gain public attention from the media. 相似文献
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鄂西“南方古猿”和印尼早更新世若干人类化石 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在鄂西发现的四枚臼齿化石曾被认为是南方古猿的。鄂西臼齿,从其齿冠尺寸和形状等来看,与非洲的有关材料对比,更接近人属成员的;与印尼早更新世有关的化石对比,与魁人等的很相似。直立人牙齿的演化趋势和变异性表明:鄂西臼齿以及印尼早更新世人类下颌骨化石更大的可能是代表一类时代较早的直立人。 相似文献
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The morphology and affinities of early and middle Pleistocene Homo erectus in East Asia have been explored since the late nineteenth century. A fragmentary hominid cranium (Nanjing no.1) recovered in Tangshan near Nanjing, China bears directly on these issues. In the present study, the morphological features of Nanjing no.1 are described and compared with Homo erectus from both Eurasia and Africa. Our results indicate that this middle Pleistocene hominid fossil should be referred to as Homo erectus. The sharing of typical Homo erectus features with African and European counterparts demonstrates that Homo erectus is a widely distributed lineage that evolved during the million years after its Pliocene origins. The differences between Nanjing no.1 and Zhoukoudian suggest certain level of regional variation in East Asian Homo erectus. 相似文献
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