病毒装配的分子生物学

病毒的装配是病毒复制和增殖过程中的一个重要步骤,它不是一个简单的静态的结构生物学问题,而是一个综合的动态的过程。它至少包括了下列几个问题：１．病毒的衣壳蛋白亚基是如何互相识别和装配成病毒衣壳的,是什么机制来控制这一过程的？２．病毒的基因组（ＤＮＡ或Ｒ...     

反转录病毒载体系统

反转录病毒载体系统曹虎（江苏省东海县教育局２２２３００）反转录病毒是一种ＲＮＡ病毒,由糖蛋白外壳、两条ＲＮＡ链和含有反转录酶的核心蛋白组成。当包着ＲＮＡ链的核心蛋白进入宿主细胞后。反转录酶启动,以病毒ＲＮＡ链为模板,反转录出单链ＤＮＡ,继而生成双链Ｄ...     

真核藻类的病毒和病毒类粒子（VLPs）

真核藻类的病毒和病毒类粒子（ＶＬＰｓ）赵以军石正丽（中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉４３００７２）（中国科学院武汉病毒研究所,武汉４３００７１）ＶｉｒｕｓｅｓａｎｄＶｉｒｕｓ－ｌｉｋｅＰｅａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｏｆＥｕｋａｒｙｏｔｉｃＡｌｇａｅＺｈａｏＹｉｊ...     

狂犬病病毒和狂犬病

狂犬病病毒和狂犬病梁秀梅（内蒙呼伦贝尔大学０２１００８）于潜（内蒙呼伦贝尔盟教研室０２１００８）狂大病是狗、狼、猫、狐等动物之间的传染性疾病。人能得狂犬病,多数是因被疯犬咬伤或被染此病的猫抓伤所致。狂犬病病毒由狗的唾液或猫爪侵入人的身体,沿末梢神经而...     

一种含有单链RNA的香菇球状病毒

从生长不正常的香菇(Lentinus edodes(Berk.)Sing)菌株中分离到一种等轴对称含单链RNA的病毒颗粒。病毒颗粒在电镜下直径为33～34nm,在SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中病毒外壳蛋白分子量为22000道尔顿。病毒核酸径DNase1和SI酶解试验及热变性紫外吸收曲线试验证明为单链RNA,在1.5％的琼脂糖凝胶电泳中,病毒核酸呈现一条带,分子量为2.38×10~6道尔顿。     

甘薯病毒研究进展

甘薯病毒研究进展孟清,张鹤龄（内蒙古大学生物系,呼和浩特０１００２１）ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＡｄｖａｎｃｅｓｉｎＳｗｅｅｔＰｏｔａｔｏＶｉｒｕｓｅｓＭｅｎｇＱｉｎｇ;ＺｈａｎｇＨｅｌｉｎｇ（ＢｉｏｌｏｇｙＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ,ＩｎｎｅｒＭｏｎｇｏｌｉａＵｎ...     

A specific complement-fixation test for human hepatitis a employing CR326 virus antigen. Diagnosis and epidemiology.

A specific diagnostic complement-fixation test for hepatitis A antibody in human serum was described employing livers of marmosets infected with CR326 strain human hepatitis A virus. Persons with hepatitis A, but not hepatitis B, developed hepatitis A CF antibody shortly after the onset of illness and this persisted thereafter. Good agreement was noted in the development of CF and neutralizing antibodies in hepatitis A cases. Hepatitis A was shown to occur in a person with hepatitis B antigenemia and hepatitis B occurred in persons with hepatitis A antibody. Most persons with hepatitis A who were tested, but none of those with hepatitis B, developed increased anticomplementary activity in their sera at the time of onset of illness. At least one patient with hepatitis A developed antibody against normal liver that persisted. The possible inplications of this in relation to pathogenesis and to non-specific diagnostic tests in hepatitis were discussed. A limited epidemiologic study of a family outbreak of hepatitis in Costa Rica and of a group of young adults in our epidemic country acquire their infections at an early age and are immune thereafter; persons in areas of relatively low incidence may proceed into adulthood without experience with hepatitis A. The CF test should provide an excellent tool for diagnosis and for epidemiologic investigation of hepatitis A and should be of considerable value to detect hepatitis A virus in attempts to propagate the virus in cell culture.     

Primary Culture of Human Embryonic Kidney Cells as the Medium for Isolation of ECHO 6 Virus

A large epidemic of aseptic meningitis due to ECHO 6 virus swept over Japan in the summer months of 1965. In our studies on 89 cases of aseptic meningitis in the epidemic, primary culture of human embryonic kidney cells was shown to provide a highly sensitive host system for isolation of ECHO 6 virus from clinical materials. Virus was recovered from cerebrospinal fluid in 72% of 89 cases, from throat swabs in 64% of 36 cases, and from rectal swabs in 59% of 37 cases. Most significant is the finding that the rate of virus isolation from cerebrospinal fluid in this host system was considerably higher as compared with that obtained by other investigators in other host systems such as primary monkey kidney cells or human amniotic cells (primary or EL). This finding should be emphasized particularly because isolation of a virus from cerebrospinal fluid, in contrast to throat secretions or feces, is of much greater importance in establishing the etiologic relationship to the disease in the diagnosis of aseptic meningitis. The neutralization test was shown to be efficient in detecting ECHO 6 virus infection; acute serums should be taken preferably by the 4th day of illness and convalescent serums in the second week. Epidemiologic findings, such as the predominance of male patients and occurrence of the epidemic in summer months, generally coincide with the previous reports. However, our cases were in much younger age groups in contrast with the previous reports; 90% of our 89 patients were 6 years of age or younger, and 15 children or 17% were less than 1 year of age, including 3 less than 6 months of age. The clinical observations on our cases confirmed the previous reports.     

肠道病毒ECHO20血清型鉴定和VP1序列初步分析

肠道病毒(Enterovirus)是最常见的人类致病病毒之一,包括脊髓灰质炎病毒、柯萨奇A组病毒、柯萨奇B组病毒和ECHO病毒。一般认为大多数肠道病毒感染症状轻微或不明显,然而有时肠道病毒感染也可能是严重甚至致命的[1]。2004年云南省潞西县局部地区发生小规模的甲肝流行,我们从当地     

Global market: shellfish imports as a source of reemerging food-borne hepatitis A virus infections in Spain

A total of 16 mollusk imports from South America to Spain, including clam and scallop species, were analyzed for hepatitis A virus (HAV), due to the great concern about this type of food after an important hepatitis A outbreak in eastern Spain in September 1999. In addition, clams from the stock that had caused the outbreak were also tested. Of the 17 stocks, four were positive for the presence of HAV RNA as demonstrated by RT-PCR and Southern hybridization. Contradictory analyses confirmed the results of the primary tests in all cases. The findings obtained in this work strongly support the role of mollusk imports from endemic areas of HAV as an important vehicle of hepatitis A, and demonstrate the imperative need for sanitary control measures to prevent future outbreaks of this disease. Electronic Publication     

中国五省市甲型肝炎病毒基因分型的研究

为了解甲型肝炎（甲肝）病毒（ＨＡＶ）在中国几个城市的基因型分布,选择浙江杭州、江苏启东、安徽铜陵、云南昆明和上海市等的甲肝病人粪便标本或血清标本,以逆转录－套式聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ｎＰＣＲ）扩增合成ＨＡＶ ＶＰ１／２Ａ交接区基因区,并进行直接核苷酸序列分析和差异比较。结果表明,从这些城市甲肝病人分离到的１７株ＨＡＶ株均属基因Ⅰ型,为ＩＡ和ＩＢ亚型;所有ＨＡＶ株间核苷酸差异均小于１５％,但约５０％Ｈ     

Seroepidemiological characterization of virus hepatitis in the Republic of Armenia

The survey of the population immunological structure with respect to parenteral hepatitis showed awide circulation of hepatitis B (HB) and hepatitis C (HC) viruses among the adult population of Armenia. During the 5 year period of observation the number of persons having antibodies to HC virus increased 2.7-fold. High occurrence of antibodies to HBsAg of HB virus among the healthy population in 2002 (12.0%) in comparison with 1997 (5.4%) reflected a decreased infection rate with HB virus as well. Antibodies to hepatitis A (HA) virus were isolated, on the average, in 64 % of persons. Simultaneously with a decrease in the proportion of HA cases an increased number of HC patients was registered. No circulation of hepatitis E virus was detected. A high percentage of hepatitis cases of mixed etiology was established, as well as an increased number of combined parenteral hepatitis cases was registered (57.1%).     

肝炎病毒与EB病毒重叠感染

为探讨肝炎病毒（ＨＶ）与ＥＢ病毒（ＥＢＶ）重叠感染的状况和后果,我们用免疫酶法对１５４例各型病毒性肝炎患者作了ＥＢＶＩｇＡ抗体检测。结果发现,急性肝炎、慢性轻度肝炎、慢性中度肝炎、肝炎肝硬化、慢性重型肝炎和原发性肝癌ＶＧＡ－ＩｇＡ抗体的阳性率分别为２４．０％、３０．０％、５３．３％、６３．３％、４０．０％和７２．７％,与健康人（５．３％）比较,有非常显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）;原发性肝癌又较急性肝炎和慢性轻度肝炎高,并有非常显著意义差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＨＢＶ和ＨＡＶ＋ＨＢＶ感染者比较,前者又较后者低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。重叠感染者的临床表现均为“肝炎型”,未见咽炎、腺热、胃肠、肺炎、肾炎、神经等类型。重叠感染者的ＣＤ＋３及ＣＤ＋４Ｔ细胞下降,ＣＤ＋８Ｔ细胞及ＩｇＧ,ＩｇＭ升高,与健康人比较差异非常显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示：ＨＶ感染,不仅因免疫失调易感ＥＢＶ,又可因重叠感染而进一步使免疫功能失调;对病毒性肝炎的处理应强调免疫调节治疗。     

A multiplexed protein microarray for the simultaneous serodiagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus infection and typing of whole blood

All donor blood samples must be tested pretransfusion to determine the donor blood type. Standard testing protocols require that assays be performed for important bloodborne pathogens such as hepatitis C, syphilis, hepatitis B, and human immunodeficiency virus. We have demonstrated proof of the concept that a protein microarray can type whole blood and detect antibody to significant pathogens simultaneously from the same donor blood sample. The data collected demonstrate the ability of the array to accurately type blood samples while also detecting the presence of antibodies against both human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus. In conclusion, we have successfully developed a platform capable of typing human whole blood samples, while at the same time testing for the presence of antibodies specific for human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus. The major benefits of this system are its amenability to expansion with additional assays, for example, rhesus typing and syphilis and/or hepatitis B virus detection, and also the adaptability of the assay to higher-throughput analysis, currently 16 individual samples per slide, but readily expandable to a 96-well format.