The requirement for ferric in the initiation of lipid peroxidation by chelated ferrous iron

When certain ferrous chelates are added to lipid, peroxidation of the lipid occurs following a short lag. This suggests that a product of ferrous autoxidation is required to initiate lipid peroxidation. This autoxidation product is apparently ferric iron, rather than the oxygen radicals which also result from ferrous autoxidation. Studies with oxy-radical scavengers and catalase suggest that $\text{O}{}_2{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>?</mtext>}}$ H₂O₂, or the ·OH are not involved in the initiation reactions, therefore, we propose that a ferrous-dioxygen-ferric chelate complex may be the initiating species.     

酵母菌中SOD复合酶的初步研究

对不同酵母菌中ＳＯＤ等抗氧化酶的活性进行了初步的分析测定,筛选出了一株诸酶活性都较高的菌株（丹宝利面包活性干酵母）。研究了该酵母在不同培养时期ＳＯＤ等酶少力的变化情况,发现ＰＯＤ、ＣＡＴ等酶的活性水平ＳＯＤ活性的变化有密切的相关性。通过比较几种提取方法的效果,认为利用甲苯破壁法提取ＳＯＤ复合酶具有一定的可行性。     

大鼠多囊卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡时MDA含量及SOD活性的变化

目的和方法以大鼠多囊卵巢（PCO）为动物模型,观察了PCO大鼠卵泡颗粒细胞凋亡的发生率,并检测了颗粒细胞凋亡时丙二醛（MDA）的含量及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的变化。结果①PCO颗粒细胞凋亡发生率明显高于正常（P<0．001）;②PCO颗粒细胞发生凋亡时,细胞内MDA含量增加而SOD活性降低。结论大鼠PCO颗粒细胞的凋亡可能与细胞内MDA含量增加和SOD活性降低有关。     

Antioxidant enzyme gene expression in congestive heart failure following mycardial infarction

Increased oxidative stress and reduction in antioxidant enzymes have been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure subsequent to myocardial infarction (MI). The objective of the present study was to characterize changes in the mRNA abundance and protein levels for the enzymatic antioxidants, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and catalase during the sequelae of congestive heart failure in rats. MI was produced by the ligation of the left coronary artery and hearts from controls and 1, 4 and 16 week PMI groups were analyzed. Losartan treatment (2 mg/ml in drinking water, daily) was started at 4 weeks and continued for 12 weeks. The mRNA levels for SOD were reduced by about 40% at 1-week PMI, were near to the control levels at 4-week PMI and at 16 weeks PMI, the levels were reduced by about 73% below the controls. GSHPx mRNA levels remained unchanged at all time points. The mRNA levels for catalase remained unchanged at 1 and 4 weeks PMI and were significantly reduced by about 44% at 16 weeks PMI as compared to the controls. The protein levels for MnSOD, CuZnSOD, GSHPx at 1 and 16 weeks remained unchanged in treated and untreated PMI groups. However, the protein levels for catalase was significantly increased in the control and PMI groups treated with Losartan. It is concluded that changes in the SOD and catalase activities during severe heart failure correlated with changes in mRNA for these enzymes. The precise mechanism/s for the improvement in antioxidant reserve and protein levels after Losartan treatment is/are unclear at this time.     

高浓度氮、磷胁迫对伊乐藻SOD、POD和CAT活性的影响

以伊乐藻枝条为材料,研究了氮、磷浓度对伊乐藻抗氧化酶系统的影响。结果表明高浓度的氮、磷明显影响伊乐藻枝条的生长,表现为不定根形成减少、生物量增加缓慢、叶绿素含量下降。另外,高浓度的氮、磷还导致伊乐藻过氧化物酶的活性持续升高、而过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性震荡幅度明显变小,同时细胞内丙二醛含量明显升高。说明伊乐藻抗氧化酶系统的活性受到了干扰,活性氧清除能力下降,氧化胁迫加剧,细胞膜脂过氧化程度增加。这种变化可能是过高氮、磷浓度影响植物生长的内在生理因素之一。     

Damage to Cultivated Japanese Pearl Oysters by Oxidative Stress That Was Related to “Mass Mortality”

Increased blood-DNA breakage was observed in diseased pearl oysters. They showed significant formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA), whereas the oysters that had a low mortality rate from the disease had high activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and low amounts of 8-OHdG and MDA. These results suggest that radical damage had occurred only in the diseased pearl oysters with the cytolysis of their haemocytes, which was related to the mass mortality of the Japanese pearl oysters.     

抗坏血酸对沙打旺原生质体分离和培养中膜损伤及相关酶活性的影响

抗坏血酸（ＡＳＡ） 能减轻沙打旺原生质体的褐化,改善原生质体的培养状况。ＡＳＡ的作用可能与它增强原生质体抗过氧化能力有关。酶解处理诱导原生质体超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ） 和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ＡＰＸ）活性升高,但培养过程使ＡＰＸ 活性明显下降,原生质体清除过氧化物能力减弱,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（ ＭＤＡ） 积累增加,膜发生损伤。向酶溶液和培养基中添加ＡＳＡ 可显著提高ＳＯＤ 尤其是ＡＰＸ 活性,减轻膜脂过氧化,增强原生质体的存活力,促进原生质体的分裂和细胞克隆的形成。所有处理中过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ） 活性变化不大,表明它在原生质体清除过氧化物过程中不具主要作用。     

脱氧核糖核酸对机体内超氧化物岐化酶和过氧化物酶活性影响初步研究

超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）是机体内重要的抗氧化酶系之一,其作用在于消除体内的自由基,防止自由基对细胞结构的损伤。它们的活性随增龄而下降,因此自由基不断损伤细胞结构,累积最终导致细胞衰亡和动物机体衰老,老龄小鼠服用DNA一段时间后,其体内SOD和POD的活性均显著提高,因而其衰老速度可能得到一定程度的延缓。     

螺旋藻对小鼠SOD和GSH—Px活力的影响

采用微量测定法,观察螺旋藻对３２只昆明种小白鼠全血中超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和谷光甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性的影响。结果表明,灌胃螺旋藻试验组（ＳＯＤ）活性（１５７７．１６±１６９．８８ＩＵ／ｇＨｂ）,与相应对照组（１３３６．２７±１５８．２３ＩＵ／ｇＨｂ）比较,ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性（２８．３３±２．３７ＩＵ／ｍｌ）与相应对照组（２４．８７±３．２６ＩＵ／ｍｌ）比较,差别均有非常显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）;提示螺旋藻有提高动物ＳＯＤ和ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性的功效     

氟化氢对植物叶片中SOD酶活力和MDA含量的影响

本文研究了浓度为０．０４１ｍｇ／ｍ￣３，０．０８３ｍｇ／ｍ￣３和０．１６６ｍｇ／ｍ￣３的ＨＦ气体分别对小麦、玉米和蚕豆三种植物熏气后，植物叶片中ＳＯＤ酶活力的变化及膜脂过氧化产物ＭＤＡ含量的变化，实验结果表明高深度ＨＦ（０．１６６ｍｇ／ｍ￣３）对ＳＯＤ有抵制作用，较低浓度（０．０８３ｍｇ／ｍ￣３，０．０４１ｍｇ／ｍ￣３）下是先升后抑。在三种浓度下，叶片中ＭＤＡ含量均随熏气时间的延长而增加。三种植物对氟化氢的敏感性不同，由大到小依次为蚕豆、小麦、玉米。     

Changes in defence-related enzymes in rice responding to challenges by Rhizoctonia solani

Sheath blight disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn is becoming a major constraint to rice production, especially in the intensified cultivation system. To know the in rice, it is important to get the knowledge of the activity of defence-related enzymes due to the fungal infection. The pathogen induced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and chitinase activities in rice plants, while suppressing peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities at 36 and 24 h after inoculation, respectively. Induction of two POD isozymes, POD-3 and -4, up to 48 h after inoculation and disappearance of the said isomers at 72 h onwards in rice–Rhizoctonia interaction implicated the role of these isomers in susceptible host–pathogen interaction. Apart from POD and SOD, the activities of other stress-related enzymes, viz. PAL, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and β-1,3-glucanase were also studied. From this study, it was found that these defence-related enzymes are most significantly related to host–pathogenic interaction.     

魔芋葡甘低聚糖抗氧化性初步研究

为了检验魔芋葡甘低聚糖抗氧化功能,本文测定了魔芋葡甘低聚糖体外清除自由基及保护DNA氧化损伤能力,并通过连续两周用不同剂量的魔芋葡甘低聚糖灌胃小鼠,检测其对肝脏和血浆中丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱肝肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性的影响。研究结果显示:魔芋葡甘低聚糖对超氧阴离子自由基(.O2-)和羟自由基(.OH)有较好的清除能力,能有效地保护DNA免受羟自由基的损伤,并且能有效地降低肝脏中丙二醛水平,提高肝脏和血浆中SOD、GSH-PX的活性。     

淹水对转超氧化物歧化酶或过氧化物酶基因烟草某些生理生化指标的影响

对盆栽十二叶龄的3个烟草近等基因系进行淹水处理后的结果表明:随着淹水时间的延长,细胞质膜透性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性均显著升高;叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量、株高、叶片数及生物量均下降.各种指标在短时间内不能恢复到正常水平或者根本不能恢复.3个品系抗涝性强弱依序为:转基因抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)高表达品系＞转Mn-SOD基因叶绿体高表达品系＞非转基因品系.     

亚麻耐盐性愈伤组织的生理生化特性

以亚麻(双亚5号)耐盐愈伤组织为材,以同种亚麻普通愈伤组织为对照,分别经含0~250 mmol·L^-1 NaC1的培养基培养20 d后,比较含水量、MDA含量、POD酶活、SOD酶活、EST同工酶谱、POD同工酶谱及SOD同工酶谱。结果表明：亚麻耐盐组愈伤组织与对照组愈伤组织在多方面存在明显差异,前者含水量均高于后者;丙二醛含量也高于后者,但变化幅度不大;POD酶活均高于对照组;酯酶同工酶谱不同于对照组,酯酶酶活量均高于对照组;POD同工酶谱比对照组多一条带,且酶活均高于对照组;SOD同工酶谱与对照组一样多,但酶活均高于对照组,且平稳。这为进一步筛选亚麻耐盐突变细胞系奠定了良好的基础。     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对翡翠贻贝抗氧化酶及脂质过氧化水平的影响

实验室条件下,研究了不同浓度邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)长期胁迫(15 d)对翡翠贻贝内脏团和外套膜抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧化氢酶CAT)及脂质过氧化(LPO)水平(以MDA含量表示)的影响,以及受胁迫翡翠贻贝在清洁海水中恢复阶段上述生化指标的变化特征.结果表明:胁迫阶段,0.5和2.5 mg.L-1DBP下翡翠贻贝内脏团SOD活性表现为先抑制后逐渐恢复,12.5和62.5 mg.L-1下则持续受到显著抑制;不同浓度组CAT活性均明显被抑制.LPO水平明显升高.外套膜中,2.5 mg.L-1下SOD活性受到持续诱导,其他浓度组则先被抑制,后随曝露时间延长逐渐被诱导;各浓度组CAT的变化波动较大,没有明显规律;而LPO水平明显升高.净化恢复阶段,12.5和62.5 mg.L-1DBP胁迫下的内脏团SOD和CAT活性恢复较慢,其LPO水平随时间延长逐渐恢复至对照组水平;外套膜中SOD活性呈持续升高趋势,CAT活性和LPO水平则随时间延长恢复到对照组水平.     

裂盖马鞍菌提取物体内抗氧化活性研究

以新疆特色食用菌裂盖马鞍菌为材料,研究裂盖马鞍菌乙醇提取物、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、石油醚萃取物对小鼠体内的抗氧化活性,分高（2g/kg）、中（1g／kg）、低（0．2g／kg）三个剂量对小鼠灌胃给药测定小鼠肝脏和血清中丙二醛（MDA）含量和超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）活力。结果表明,与阴性对照（生理盐水）相比裂盖马鞍菌提取物能明显提高小鼠肝脏和血清中SOD的活力,降低MDA的含量（P〈0．01）;与阳性对照维生素E（VE）（1g/kg）相比乙醇提取物、其他溶剂萃取物高浓度（2g／kg）作用极显著（P〈0．01）;与维生素C（VC,1g／kg）相比乙醇提取物高浓度（2g/kg）作用极显著（P〈0．01）,提示裂盖马鞍菌提取物具有抗氧化活性。     

The protective effect of arbutin against potassium bromate-induced oxidative damage in the rat brain

This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of arbutin (ARB) against brain injury induced in rats with potassium bromate (KBrO₃). The rats were divided into four groups as Group 1: Control (0.9% NaCl ml/kg/day p.), Group 2: KBrO₃ (100 mg/kg (gavage), Group 3: ARB (50 mg/kg/day p.), and Group 4: KBrO₃ + ARB (100 mg/kg (gavage) + 50 mg/kg/day p.). At the end of the fifth day of the study, the rats in all groups were killed, and their brain tissues were collected. In the collected brain tissues, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels were measured, and routine histopathological examinations were made. The MDA levels in the group that was exposed to KBrO₃ were significantly higher than those in the control group (p ˂ 0.001). In comparison to the KBrO₃ group, the MDA levels in the KBrO₃ + ARB group were significantly lower (p ˂ 0.001). It was observed that SOD and CAT enzyme activity levels were significantly lower in the KBrO₃ group compared to the control group (p ˂ 0.001), while these levels were significantly higher in the KBrO₃ + ARB group than in the KBrO₃ group (p ˂ 0.001). Additionally, the group that was subjected to KBrO₃ toxicity, as well as ARB administration, had much lower levels of histopathologic signs than the group that was subjected to KBrO₃ toxicity only. Consequently, it was found that KBrO₃ exposure led to injury in the brain tissues of the rats, and using ARB was effective in preventing this injury.     

野外条件下光强对盾叶薯蓣影响的初步研究

通过在野外栽培条件下的笼罩实验(4个光强等级1855～2104,913～1004,525～615,141～215μmol*m-2*s-1),发现光强影响盾叶薯蓣的根状茎发芽率、叶面积、叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量、叶片过氧化物酶活性(POD)、叶片含水量以及整个植株的生物量.弱光可能因带入的热能少而对根状茎发芽不利.叶片含水量随光照强度的降低而增多.叶面积随光照强度的减小而增加,在525～615μmol*m-2*s-1光强下,盾叶薯蓣叶片的MDA含量最低,POD活性最低,地上生物量最高,对于地下部分而言,最适光强是913～1004μ*mol*m-2*s-1,在此光强下,根状茎生物量增加近3倍.故在生产中,一定程度的强光逆境是有利的.     

锌胁迫对小球藻抗氧化酶和类金属硫蛋白的影响

通过对抗氧化酶活性和类金属硫蛋白的测定,考察在0、5、10、20、50和100 μmol/L Zn²⁺(氯化锌)胁迫下锌对普通海洋小球藻的生物学影响。结果表明:不同浓度Zn²⁺均能抑制小球藻的生长,当Zn²⁺浓度大于10 μmol/L时,小球藻生物量随培养时间延长而迅速下降;过氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性随Zn²⁺胁迫浓度的增加而增加,当Zn²⁺浓度为50 μmol/L时SOD活性达到最大,但继续增加Zn²⁺胁迫浓度反而导致SOD活性下降;而过氧化物酶 (POD)活性则随着Zn²⁺胁迫浓度的增加而降低。同时,实验发现藻细胞内有两种主要的锌结合形态,其中Zn结合类金属硫蛋白(Zn-MT-like)与兔肝金属硫蛋白(MT)的分子量相近,且随着Zn²⁺胁迫浓度的增加而出现规律性地增多。因此,藻细胞内Zn-MT-like蛋白的诱导量可作为小球藻受Zn²⁺胁迫的响应指标。     

Influence of acute heat stress on the development of GABAergic neurons in HPA-axies of mouse embryos

The damaging effects of acute heat stress in pregnant mice is well known, however, very little is known about the impact of heat on embryonic neurodevelopment and its dependence on the dam's physiological response to the stress. To study the changes in GABAergic neurons expression on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA-axis), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in mouse embryos on E13-17 following acute, maternal heat stress. Blood samples and amniotic fluid from pregnant mice, and homogenates of whole embryos and embryo brains were collected for SOD and MDA analyses. SOD and MDA activities were measured in embryo and the sections by staining with anti-γ-aminobutyric acid-A- α1 receptor (GABAA receptor- α1), anti-γ-aminobutyric acid-B-1 receptor (GABAB receptor-R1) and anti-glutamate decarboxylase-65(GAD-65) antibodies. After the pregnant mice underwent acute heat stress on E13, the embryonic GABAergic neurons and GABA receptor expression were triggered immediately as a result of induction of the HPA-axis. This expression recovered to normal levels consistent with the control groups. However, the expression of the GABAA receptor in embryonic adrenal gland decreased continually. The SOD activity decreased in the embryonic brain and increased in the amniotic fluid after the heat stress, whereas the MDA levels increased in the maternal plasma only. Therefore, the GABAergic neurons in the developing HPA-axis of the embryos are susceptible to heat stress and the enhancement of SOD activities in the amniotic fluid might be a protective mechanism.