Chromosome Banding Patterns in Some Indian Pulses

By using the Giemsa C-banding technique, chromosome bandingpatterns on the somatic chromosomes of eight important pulsecrops, pea, lentil, guar (cluster bean), chick pea, pigeon pea,mung bean (green gram), urd (black gram) and cowpea have beenstudied. Each species has a characteristic C-banding pattern.The significance of such banding patterns which correlate withthe position of pachytene knobs, in chromosome identification,and in assigning relationships at the cytological level in thepulses of genus Vigna is stressed. Chromosome banding, Giemsa C-banding, pulse crops, Pisum sativum L., garden pea, Lens culinaris Medik, lentil, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub., guar, Cicer arietinum L., chick pea, gram, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp., pigeon pea, Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek, mung bean, Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, urd, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp, cowpea     

Effects of Some Amino Acid Analogues on the Uptake and Transport of K+ and Ca2+ in Wheat and Mung Bean Seedlings: I. CORTICAL CELL FLUXES AND TRANSPORT TO THE STELE IN EXCISED ROOT SEGMENTS, AS AFFECTED BY p-FLUOROPHENYLALANINE

Effluxes of K⁺ and Ca²⁺ from root segments of both wheat, Triticunaestivum L. cv. Capelle and mung bean, Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek,were measured in the presence or absence of 20 mol m^–3para-fluorophenylalanine (p-FPA). The results were used to estimatethe compartment contents and transmembrane K⁺ and Ca²⁺ fluxesin root cortex cells. Using the Ussing-Teorell flux equationas the criterion, it was concluded that entry of K⁺ from theoutside solution to the cytoplasm, and from the cytoplasm tothe vacuole were active in both wheat and mung bean. Also, inboth species, Ca²⁺ entered the cytoplasm passively across theplasmalemma and was actively pumped back to the external solution.However, interpretation of the direction of active transportacross the tonoplast depends upon an assumption about Ca²⁺ activityin the cytoplasm. The only qualitative effect of p-FPA was to alter the drivingforce for K⁺ influx, across the plasmalemma in wheat, from anactive to a passive one. Quantitative effects of the analoguewere seen for K⁺ fluxes in both wheat and mung bean and forCa²⁺ fluxes in wheat. The p-FPA reduced transport of K⁺ in bothspecies, while transport of Ca²⁺ was unaffected. The implicationsof these results for the ‘two pump hypothesis’ arediscussed. Key words: Triticum aestivum, Vigna radiata, Two pump hypothesis     

Localization of the Fe(III)-Zn(II) Purple Acid Phosphatase in Dry Kidney Beans Using Immunofluorescence and Immunogold Electron Microscopy

Localization of purple acid phosphatase (PAP) from the seedsof kidney beans,Phaseolus vulgaris(L.), was performed usinglight and transmission electron microscopy. After rehydrationand aqueous fixation, cryo-sections of bean cotyledon tissueshowed a bright immunofluorescent signal in the cytoplasm ofcells whereas cell walls and reserve materials (starch, proteinbodies) remained unstained. In ultrathin sections of dry cotyledontissue anhydrously fixed in acrolein vapour and embedded inLowicryl resin, PAP mapped exclusively to ribosome-rich areasof the cytoplasm. In view of these results, we propose thatkidney bean PAP might possibly be engaged in mechanisms involvedin the triggering of seed dormancy.Copyright 1998 Annals ofBotany Company Phaseolus vulgaris(L.), kidney bean, purple acid phosphatase, immunofluorescence microscopy, immunogold electron microscopy, anhydrous vapour fixation, acrolein.     

Stimulation of Adventitious Rooting in Cuttings of Four Herbaceous Species by Piperazine

Piperazine, a chemical used as buffer component, greatly promotedadventitious root formation in cuttings of sunflower (Helianthusannuus L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), mung bean (Vigna radiataL.) and to a lesser extent in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings.Piperazine was more effective in acidic pH. The studies withpiperazine analogues showed that any substantial modificationof the structure caused the chemical to be less effective, oreven inhibitory. Histological studies in sunflower hypocotylsdemonstrated that piperazine did not alter the timing of theinitial cell division. In the presence of piperazine, sunflowerhypocotyls failed to develop primary phloem fibres. Piperazineat the concentrations that promote rooting did not kill or damagethe tissue at the base of the hypocotyl. Compared to controls,piperazine treatment did not alter the proportion of primordiathat eventually developed into actively elongating roots. Sixdays after treatment 45% of the control roots in the basal sectionwere actively growing, compared to 51% in the piperazine. Therewas little evidence suggesting that the piperazine-induced promotionof rooting was caused by the removal of basal dominance in whichpiperazine killed the basal part of hypocotyl.Copyright 1995,1999 Academic Press Helianthus annuus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Vigna radiata, adventitious roots, mung bean, pea, piperazine, sunflower     

Protein Dysfunction and Inhibition of Amino Acid Incorporation in Root Segments from Wheat and Mung Bean Seedlings caused by some Amino Acid Analogues

The effects of para-fluorophenylalanine (p-FPA) and azetidine-2-carboxylicacid (AZ) on acid phosphatase and peroxidase activity, and onL-leucine incorporation, in root segments of Triticum aestivumL. cv. Fenman and Vigna radial a (L.) Wilczek, were studied.Incubation with 50 mmol^–3 AZ significantly reduced phosphataseand peroxidase activities in wheat roots, but with 20 mol m^–3p-FPA, only the peroxidase activity was reduced. In mung beanroots, phosphatase activity was inhibited by both AZ and p-FPA.Effects of the ortho- and meta- isomers of FPA on wheat rootphosphatase and peroxidase, and on mung bean phosphatase, werealso examined. Leucine uptake and incorporation were not inhibitedby 5 h pre-incubation with either p-FPA or AZ, but were inhibitedafter 24 h of pre-incubation. The results support the view that,in the shorter term, the analogues inhibit enzyme activity bybecoming incorporated to produce non-functional protein and,in the longer term, metabolism is further affected by inhibitionof protein synthesis. Key words: Fluorophenylalanin, Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, Triticum aestivum, Vigna radiata     

The Survival of Germinating Orthodox Seeds after Desiccation and Hermetic Storage

Seeds of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and mung bean (Vigna radiata(L.) Wilczek), with orthodox seed storage behaviour, were imbibedfor between 8 h and 96 h at 15 °C and 25 °C, respectively,while barley seeds were also maintained in moist aerated storageat 15 °C for 14 d. These seeds and seedlings, together withcontrols, were then dried to various moisture contents between3% and 16% (wet basis) and hermetically stored for six monthsat —20°C, 0°C or 15°C. In both species, neitherdesiccation nor subsequent hermetic storage of the control lotsresulted in loss in viability. The results for barley seedsimbibed for 24 h were similar to the control, but desiccationsensitivity increased progressively with duration of imbibitionbeyond 24 h in barley or 8 h in mung bean; these treatmentsalso reduced the longevity of the surviving seeds in air-drystorage. Loss in viability in barley imbibed for 48 h was mostrapid at the two extreme seed storage moisture contents of 3·6%and 14·3%, and in both these cases was more rapid at15 °C than at cooler temperatures. Similarly, for mung beanimbibed for 8 h, loss in viability was most rapid at the lowest(4·3%) moisture content, but in this case it was morerapid at –20 °C than at warmer temperatures. Thus,these results for the storage of previously imbibed orthodoxseeds conform with the main features of intermediate seed storagebehaviour Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare L., mung bean, Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek, desiccation sensitivity, seed longevity, seed storage behaviour     

In Vitro Responses of Brassica Juncea and Vigna radiata to the Antibiotic Kanamycin

Growth responses of Brassica juncea and Vigna radiata were studiedin vitro in the presence of the antibiotic kanamycin. The dataindicate that the kanamycin concentration for the inhibitionof growth varied considerably in both the species as well asin different explants of the same species. Brassica juncea, mustard, kanamycin, Vigna radiata, mung bean     

Effects of root applications of gibberellic acid on photosynthesis and growth in C3 and C4 plants

The effects of root applications of gibberellic acid (GA₃) on growth and photosynthesis of 12 species of plants including C₃ monocots (Triticum aestivum L., wheat, Hordeum vulgare L., barley and Avena sativa L., oat), C₃ dicots (Vigna radiata L., mung bean, Cucurbita moschata L., squash and Capsicum annuum L., pepper), C₄ monocots (Zea mays L., corn, Sorghum vulgare L., sorghum and Panicum ramosum L., millet) and C₄ dicots (Amaranthus retroflexus L., pigweed, Kochia scoparis L., kochia and Gomphrena celosoides L., gomphrena) were evaluated. Relative growth rates (RGR) of barley, oat, squash, pepper, corn, sorghum, millet, pigweed and kochia were increased above the control by 12.7%, 9.9%, 11.3%, 10.7%, 19.2% 10.1%, 11.5%, 16.4% and 32.7% respectively, four days following optimum GA₃ treatments. There was no effect of GA₃ on RGR in wheat, mung bean, and gomphrena. Gibberellic acid decreased the chlorophyll content expressed on an area basis by 20.0%, 13.9%, 20.9%, 17.1%, 11.9% and 28.0% in barley, squash, pepper, sorghum, pigweed and kochia, respectively, while that of oat, wheat, mung bean, corn, millet and gomphrena remained unchanged. When photosynthetic rates were expressed per mg of chlorophyll, it showed that GA₃ could stimulate photosynthesis in barley, squash, pepper, sorghum, millet, pigweed and kochia by 20.4%, 20.6%, 16.5%, 17.4%, 10.4%, 24.2%, and 29.4%; while there was no effect in oat, wheat, mung bean, corn and gomphrena. An increase in leaf blade area and/or length of sheath were observed in GA₃ treated plants of oat, barley, mung bean, squash, pepper, corn, sorghum, millet and kochia. The transpiration rate remained unchanged following GA₃ treatment in all 12 species.This work was supported in part by the Fair Funds administered by the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture. Contribution No. 39, Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University. Authorized for publications as paper no. 6886 in the journal series of the Pennsylvania Agricultual Experiment Station.Research assistant and assistant professor respectively.     

Comparative Requirement for Endogenous Ethylene during Seed Germination

Requirement for endogenous ethylene during seed germinationof the following ten species was determined: Lycopersicon esculentumMill, (tomato), Allium cepa L. (onion), Avena fatua L., dormantpure line AN-51 (wild oats), Cucumis sativus L. (cucumber),Sinapis arvensis L. (wild mustard), Tagetes erecta L. (marigold),Raphanus sativus L. (radish), Triticum aeslivum L. (wheat),Catharanthus roseus L. (periwinkle), and Phaseolus aureus L(mung bean). Experiments were done under controlled conditionssuited for the germination of each species. Criteria used todetermine the need for endogenous ethylene were: (i) temporalrelationship between ethylene production and seed germination;(ii) parallel inhibition of ethylene synthesis and seed germinationby L-     

Chilling Sensitivity in Plants: Do the Activation Energies of Growth Processes Show an Abrupt Change at a Critical Temperature?

The rates of increase in dry weight, leaf area, and length ofhypocotyl plus radicle of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) and morningglory (Pharbitis nil Chois) all show marked responses to decreasingtemperature, although when drawn as Arrhenius plots these responsesresemble smooth curves rather than sets of intersecting straightlines. Chilling sensitivity was shown to be dependent on temperature,light intensity, and the previous history of the plant. It isargued on theoretical grounds that changes in membrane lipidmobility would not be expected to cause abrupt changes in theslope of such Arrhenius plots at either the enzyme or wholeplant level.     

Modulation of Chlorophyll, Carotene and Xanthophyll Formation by Penicillin, Benzyladenine and Embryonic Axis in Mung Bean (Phaseolus aureus L.) Cotyledons

Penicillin stimulated the synthesis of pigments in the cotyledonsof intact embryos and excised cotyledons of mung bean (Phaseolusaureus L.) and enhanced benzyladenine-induced accumulation ofchloroplast pigments. The presence of the embryonic axis duringlight exposure proved to be beneficial for chlorophyll synthesisby the cotyledons whereas its presence in dark germination producedan adverse effect. The possible involvement of nucleic acidand protein synthesis in light-regulated chlorophyll formationis suggested. The stimulating effect on pigment synthesis providedby penicillin in this system seems to involve a maintenanceof nucleic acid and protein synthesis. Phaseolus aureus L., mung bean, pigment synthesis, cotyledons     

Thermal phase transitions in the polar lipids of plant membranes. Their induction by disaturated phospholipids and their possible relation to chilling injury

The phase behaviour of leaf polar lipids from three plants, varying in their sensitivity to chilling, was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. For the lipids from mung bean (Vigna radiata L. var. Berken), a chilling-sensitive plant, a transition exotherm was detected beginning at $\text{10 ± 2°}\text{C}$. No exotherm was evident above 0°C with polar lipids from wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Falcon) or pea (Pisum sativum cv. Massey Gem), plants which are insensitive to chilling. The enthalpy for the transition in the mung bean polar lipids indicated that only about 7% w/w of the lipid was in the gel phase at ?8°C. The thermal transition of the mung bean lipids was mimicked by wheat and pea polar lipids after the addition of 1 to 2% w/w of a relatively high melting-point lipid such as dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol or dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine. Analysis of the polar lipids from the three plants showed that a dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol was present in mung bean (1.7% w/w) and pea (0.3% w/w) but undetected in wheat, indicating that the transition exotherm temperature of 10°C in mung bean, 0°C in pea and about ?3°C in wheat correlates with the proportion of the high melting-point disaturated component in the polar lipids. The results indicate that the transition exotherm, observed at temperatures above 0°C in the membranes of chilling-sensitive plants, could be induced by small amounts of high melting-point lipids and involves only a small proportion of the membrane polar lipids.     

An investigation of the intracellular site of anthocyanoplasts using isolated protoplasts and vacuoles

Microscopic observations made during preparation of protoplasts and vacuoles from red radish seedling hypocotyl (Raphanus sativus L.) show that anthocyanoplasts, the strongly pigmented bodies present in the pigmented cells of the hypodermis, begin as apparently membranous vesicles in the cytoplasm made visible by the deposition and accumulation of anthocyanins, but only rarely appear in the isolated vacuole. Isolation of protoplasts and vacuoles was also achieved from mung bean seedling hypocotyl (Vigna radiata L Wilczek), red cabbage leaf (Brassica oleracea L.) and Prunus x yedoensis Matsum callus. Anthocyanoplasts were usually in the vacuole, although sometimes in the cytoplasm, of the mung bean and cabbage, but were never seen in vacuoles of Prunus callus.     

Isolation and Characterization of Components of the Lytic Compartment of Several Plant Tissues Including Separations with a Zonal Rotor

The ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase in cellsof pea and mung bean root tips, wheat coleoptiles, cauliflowerflorets and potato shoots, occurred in association with theinner surface of membranes of vacuoles, within multivesicularbodies and in the Golgi stacks and associated vesicles. Tissue homogenization techniques were varied and behaviour ofcomponents of the lytic compartment in density gradients ofvarious types was systematically examined. A basic fractionationmethod, employing linear Ficoll density gradients, was developedand modified for routine use with the various plant tissues,and the results compared with those obtained on sucrose gradients.Two predominant bands of components of the lytic compartmentwere isolated; one of these equilibrated at a density of 1·06g cm^–3 and contained vacuoles and tonoplast components,the other band, with an isopycnic equilibrium density of 1·11g cm^–3, was rich in mitochondria, Golgi stacks and associatedvesicles. Sucrose gradients gave broadly similar separations,but of lower resolution, and with increased density of the components.Prior fractionation of homogenates by differential centrifugationgave poor subsequent separations of the lytic compartment indensity gradient ultracentrifugation. The bulk isolation of components of the lytic compartment frompotato shoots and cauliflower curd, using a zonal density gradienttechnique, is described and its possible applications are discussed. An improved method of rapid fixation of fractions enabled theuse of a modified Gomori lead-salt method for ultrastructurallocalization of ß-glycerophosphatase activity in isolatedelements of the lytic compartment. Lytic component, Golgi apparatus, density gradient fractionation, ultrastructure, acid hydrolases, ß-glycerophosphatase, Pisium sativum L., Phaseolus aureus L., Triticum aestivum L., Solanum tuberosum L., Brassica oleracea L.     

Antigenic Similarity in Urate Oxidases of Major Ureide Producing Legumes and Its Correlation with the Type of Peroxisome in Uninfected Cells of Nodules

Structural, biochemical, and immunological comparisons of nodulesfrom ten species of plants were made to determine if a correlationexists between nodule structure, ureide production, urate oxidaseactivity, and antigenic similarity in urate oxidase. In specieswith high urate oxidase activity and cross-reaction with soybeananti-urate oxidase [soybean (Glycine max), green bean (Phaseolusvulgaris), mung bean (Vigna radiata), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)],the nodules were determinate and contained numerous interstitialcells, interspersed among the infected cells. Within the interstitialcells of the ureide producing nodules numerous peroxisomes werenoted and these peroxisomes appear to be structurally similar,viz. a large electron opaque core surrounded by a less electronopaque rim. Although hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) noduleswere similar in ultrastructure to other ureide producers withdetectable urate oxidase activity, no cross-reactivity was observedwith anti-soybean urate oxidase. Amide producing nodules eithercontained no interstitial cells [e.g. Indian jointvetch (Aeschynomeneindica), showy crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis)} or interstitialcells with few peroxisomes [e.g. alfalfa (Medicago saliva),broad bean (Vicia faba), pea (Pisum sativum)] with little urateoxidase activity, exhibiting no cross-reaction with soybeananti-urate oxidase. These data indicate that the urate oxidasein most ureide producing nodules is very similar and, structurally,ureide producing nodules are organized in a specialized wayto carry out ureide assimilation in the uninfected interstitialcells. (Received June 19, 1986; Accepted January 12, 1987)     

A cysteine endopeptidase with a C-terminal KDEL motif isolated from castor bean endosperm is a marker enzyme for the ricinosome, a putative lytic compartment

A papain-type cysteine endopeptidase with a molecular mass of 35 kDa for the mature enzyme, was purified from germinating castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) endosperm by virtue of its capacity to process the glyoxysomal malate dehydrogenase precursor protein to the mature subunit in vitro (C. Gietl et al., 1997, Plant Physiol 113: 863–871). The cDNA clones from endosperm of germinating seedlings and from developing seeds were isolated and sequence analysis revealed that a very similar or identical peptidase is synthesised in both tissues. Sequencing established a presequence for co-translational targeting into the endoplasmic reticulum, an N-terminal propeptide and a C-terminal KDEL motif for the castor bean cysteine endopeptidase precursor. The 45-kDa pro-enzyme stably present in isolated organelles was enzymatically active. Immunocytochemistry with antibodies raised against the purified cysteine endopeptidase revealed highly specific labelling of ricinosomes, organelles which co-purify with glyoxysomes from germinating Ricinus endosperm. The cysteine endopeptidase from castor bean endosperm, which represents a senescing tissue, is homologous to cysteine endopeptidases from other senescing tissues such as the cotyledons of germinating mung bean (Vigna mungo) and vetch (Vicia sativa), the seed pods of maturing French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and the flowers of daylily (Hemerocallis sp.). Received: 20 December 1997 / Accepted: 18 March 1998     

Mung Bean Hypocotyl Homogalacturonan: Localization, Organization and Origin

Specific antibodies were used to localize both pectic structuresand pectinmethylesterases (PME) along the mung bean hypocotyl.Calcium ions were also detected and estimated in both young,plastic and mature, stiffened cell walls. Highly methylesterifiedpectins were present in all cell walls but decreased from thehypocotyl hook downwards. Expanded cell walls were characterizedby a high content of calcium ions and acidic pectins, althoughthe latter's cross-reactivity to JIM 5 antibodies was partlylost. Co-localization of acidic homogalacturonan and calciumions suggests the presence of egg-box structures that mightparticipate in the cell wall stiffening process which developsalong the hypocotyl. Acidic polymers could originate from theactivity of the pectinmethylesterases present in precise wallareas but direct export of acidic polygalacturonan through Golgivesicles was also observed. Copyright 1999 Annals of BotanyCompany Cell walls, immunolocalization, hypocotyl, mung bean, pectin organization, Vigna radiata.     

In Vitro and In Situ Properties of Cell Wall Pectinmethylesterases From Mung Bean Hypocotyls

Pectinmethylesterases (EC 3.1.1.11 [EC] ) have been solubilized fromyoung and mature tissues of mung bean hypocotyls. Whatever theplastic potential of the tissues, most of the pectinmethylesteraseactivity was located in the cell walls. Several active fractionswere obtained after chromatography on CM Sépharose. Equilibriumsedimentation in an analytical ultracentrifuge indicated theMW of the isolated isoforms to be close to 75 000 whereas SDS-PAGEelectrophoresis gave a MW around 32 000, suggesting the possibilityof dimeric structures. Mung bean pectinmethylesterase (PME)showed cross reactivity with soybean antiserum. Experiments carried out with p-nitrophenylacetate and Citruspectin revealed that PME and esterase activities might correspondto different isoforms. It was also noted that the stimulationinduced by cations was stronger when the enzymes were boundto the cell walls. The high ionic sensitivity suggested that,in situ, the ionic environment regulates pectinmethylesteraseactivity principally by modifying the pectin molecules, whichenhances the affinity of the enzymes for their substrate. Thesedata indicate the importance of the calcium content of the cellwalls and might explain the decrease in methylated pectins alongthe mung bean hypocotyl and, in turn, the loss of plasticity. Key words: Cell wall, hypocotyl, pectinmethylesterase, Vigna radiata     

Stimulation of ethylene production by hydroxamic acid, in particular, by benzohydroxamic acid

The effects on the ethylene production of known inhibitors ofa cyanide-insensitive, alternative respiration in plants wereinvestigated using cotyledonary segments of cocklebur (Xanthiumpennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds. Benzohydroxamic acid (BHAM) at3 mM stimulated ethylene production 4- to 8-fold over the control,but respiration of the segments was hardly affected at thatconcentration. The stimulatory effects of 3-chlorobenzohydroxamicacid (CLAM) and salicylhydroxamic acid were far smaller thanthat of BHAM. BHAM at 3 mM also markedly stimulated the ethyleneformation in the epicotyl or hypocotyl sections of etiolatedpea (Pisum sativum L.) and mung bean (Vigna radiata [L.] Wilczek)seedlings. Moreover, 3 mM BHAM further promoted the increasedethylene formation which was caused by administration of 1-aminocyclopro-pane-1-carboxylicacid (ACC) to the cotyledonary segments. The promoting effectsby BHAM and CLAM were also found in the conversion of ACC intoethylene in pea stem homogenates. (Received July 26, 1980; )     

Properties of Two N-Linked Glycoproteins Associated with the Nuclear Envelope in Mung Bean Hypocotyls

Nuclei from mung bean (Vigna radiata) hypocotyls contained twoglycoproteins of 50 and 49 kDa, respectively, that reacted withconcanavalin A. The glycoproteins were released from the nuclearenvelope by treatment with 2 M KCl but not with nucleases. Theglycoproteins, tentatively named gp50 and gp49, were isolatedand characterized. Gel-permeation chromatography suggested thatgp50 and gp49 seem to exist as a complex with other components.The glycoproteins could be detected only in the nuclear fractionby immunoblot analysis with specific antibodies, and they werenot detected in endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, vacuolarmembrane or mitochondria. Agglutinin I from Ulex europeaus,peanut agglutinin, soybean agglutinin and wheat germ agglutininall failed to bind to the glycoproteins. Treatment with glycopeptidaseF removed all oligosaccharides from the glycoproteins and decreasedtheir molecular masses by about one thousand daltons each. Theseresults suggest that the glycoproteins contained N-linked, high-mannose-typeoligosaccharides with six or seven hexose residues. gp50 andgp49 seemed to be isoforms of a single glycoprotein becausethe two proteins had some common properties. Nuclear fractionsfrom azuki bean (Phaseolus angularis) and soybean (Glycine max)contained proteins that were immunologically similar to gp50and gp49. (Received March 18, 1995; Accepted May 24, 1995)