共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 21 毫秒
1.
When cotyledonary explants, excised from in vitro germinated seedlings, of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) were incubated on solid Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with 21 μM naptheleneacetic acid (NAA) and 9 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA), 80% of explants developed callus.
A high frequency of shoot organogensis was obtained when explants were incubated on MS medium supplemented with 8 μM BA, 6 μM
NAA, and 6 μM giberrellic acid (GA3). However, adding 24 μM silver nitrate (AgNO3) to this medium markedly enhanced shoot regeneration frequency (63%) and mean number of shoots per explant (11.26) and length
of shoots (2.22 cm). Highest frequency of in vitro rooting, mean number of roots/shoot (4.32), and mean root length (2.71 cm)
were obtained when regenerated shoots were transferred to half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.02% activated charcoal.
Well-rooted plantlets were acclimatized, and then transferred to soil medium. Moreover, when zygotic embryos of P. granatum, excised from seeds collected at 16 weeks following full bloom, were incubated on MS medium containing 30 g l−1 sucrose, 15% coconut water, 21 μM NAA, and 9 μM BA, they developed the highest frequency of embryogenic callus, clumps with
globular embryos, and mean number of both globular and heart-shaped embryos per callus clump. Subjecting zygotic embryo explants
to six-week dark incubation period was essential for embryogenic callus induction, and these were subsequently transferred
to 16 h photoperiod for further growth and development of somatic embryos. Germination of somatic embryos was observed when
these were transferred to MS medium was supplemented with 60 g l−1 sucrose. 相似文献
2.
Nasser J. Y. Sholi Anjana Chaurasia Anuradha Agrawal Neera Bhalla Sarin 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2009,99(2):133-140
Creamy friable calli were induced from meristems (scalps) of proliferating shoots of plantain (Musa sp.) cv. Spambia (genome AAB) incubated on a semi-solid modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.5 μM
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1.0 μM zeatin. About 25% of shoot-tip explants formed scalps, and about 98% of
scalps developed embryogenic calli. Small dense aggregates of cells, were obtained when these calli were transferred to liquid
MS medium supplemented with 4.5 μM 2,4-D and 1.0 μM zeatin. Upon transfer to semi-solid MS medium of the same composition
as described above, aggregates of cells formed somatic embryos. In the presence of 2.5 μM abscisic acid (ABA), maturation
of somatic embryos was 2.6-fold higher than that of control (lacking ABA), and regardless of the type of cytokinin used in
the medium. Upon transfer to MS medium supplemented with 1.25 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA), 80% of germinated embryos developed
into plantlets. 相似文献
3.
P. Jha C. B. Yadav V. Anjaiah V. Bhat 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2009,45(2):145-154
An efficient in vitro plant regeneration protocol through somatic embryogenesis and direct shoot organogenesis has been developed for pearl millet
(Pennisetum glaucum). Efficient plant regeneration is a prerequisite for a complete genetic transformation protocol. Shoot tips, immature inflorescences,
and seeds of two genotypes (843B and 7042-DMR) of pearl millet formed callus when cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium
supplemented with varying levels of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D; 4.5, 9, 13.5, and 18 μM). The level of 2,4-D, the
type of explant, and the genotype significantly effected callus induction. Calli from each of the three explant types developed
somatic embryos on MS medium containing 2.22 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA) and either 1.13, 2.25, or 4.5 μM of 2,4-D. Somatic embryos
developed from all three explants and generated shoots on MS medium containing high levels of BA (4.4, 8.8, or 13.2 μM) combined
with 0.56 μM 2,4-D. The calli from the immature inflorescences exhibited the highest percentage of somatic embryogenesis and
shoot regeneration. Moreover, these calli yielded the maximum number of differentiated shoots per callus. An efficient and
direct shoot organogenesis protocol, without a visible, intervening callus stage, was successfully developed from shoot tip
explants of both genotypes of pearl millet. Multiple shoots were induced on MS medium containing either BA or kinetin (4.4,
8.8, 17.6, or 26.4 μM). The number of shoots formed per shoot tip was significantly influenced by the level of cytokinin (BA/kinetin)
and genotype. Maximum rooting was induced in 1/2 strength MS with 0.8% activated charcoal. The regenerated plants were transferred
to soil in pots, where they exhibited normal growth. 相似文献
4.
Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis was achieved using immature zygotic embryos (ZE) of Sorbus pohuashanensis as explants. Over 50% of immature ZEs from immature seed collected at 30 days after pollination produced direct somatic embryos
(SEs) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0–0.44 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA) in combination with 5.73 μM naphthaleneacetic
acid (NAA) or with 0.91–2.26 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) alone. Fourteen to 23 SEs per explant were regenerated
on MS medium supplemented with BA 0.44 μM in combination with NAA 5.73 μM. SE formation decreased when sucrose concentrations
were higher than 40 g L−1. Repetitive embryogenesis occurred following culture on solid MS medium containing 12 μM abscisic acid, 75 g L−1 polyethylene glycol, and 20 g L−1 sucrose at 25 ± 1°C under a 16-h photoperiod with a light intensity of 40 μmol m−2 s−1. Over 40% of the mature SEs germinated on solid MS medium under light condition described previously. Up to 40% of the regenerated
plantlets were successfully acclimatized under greenhouse conditions. Plantlets derived from SEs grew vigorously with similar
morphology as those germinated from ZEs. Histological studies of explants at various developmental stages of somatic embryogenesis
revealed that SEs passed through globular, heart, torpedo, and mature stages. Similar to ZE suspensors, similar structures
of SE degenerated in later stages of embryo development. ZE and SE are a effective means of regenerating tissue culture plantlets
for S. pohuashanesis. 相似文献
5.
Suspension cultures of calli derived from seedling leaf explants of Cajanus cajan L. var. Vamban-1 produced somatic embryos.
The highest embryogenic frequency was induced on semisolid MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium supplemented with 6.78 μM
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The maximum frequency of somatic embryogenesis was observed when this callus was transferred
to MS liquid medium supplemented with 4.52 μM 2,4-D. Further studies on ontogeny of somatic embryos showed that the cells
destined to become somatic embryos divided into spherical proembryos. Subsequent divisions in the proembryo led to globular,
heart and torpedo-shaped somatic embryos. The germination of somatic embryos occurred on auxin-free MS basal medium. Effects
of various auxins, cytokinins and carbohydrates on induction and frequency of somatic embryogenesis were studied. A medium
supplemented with 4.52 μM of 2,4-D and 87.64 mM sucrose was effective in inducing a higher frequency of somatic embryos, whereas
cytokinin had no effect and led to recallusing of embryos. About 5–6% of embryos converted into plants.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
S. Paul A. Dam A. Bhattacharyya T. K. Bandyopadhyay 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,105(2):271-283
A reproducible protocol for direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis was established in a small aromatic tree, Murraya koenigii. Embryogenic callus was obtained from 90% zygotic embryonic axis (ZE) and 70% cotyledon (COT) explants in Murashige and Skoog
(MS) basal medium supplemented with 8.88 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 2.675 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Globular somatic
embryos were induced and further matured from such embryogenic callus by subsequent culture on the same basal media containing
thidiazuron (TDZ) (2.27–9.08 μM). The highest frequency of somatic embryos (14.58 ± 0.42) was recovered from ZE-derived callus
after 6 weeks. The age and type of explant and concentration of TDZ played an important role in the development of somatic
embryos. Explants excised from 60-day-old seed differentiated from 96.67% of ZE explants and 86.67% from COT explants when
cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with 4.54 and 9.08 μM TDZ, respectively, after 4 weeks. The best result obtained
for the average frequency of somatic embryos (11.28 ± 0.32) was from ZE explants, which was significantly higher than COT
explants (7.34 ± 0.97). Most of the somatic embryos (above 95%), irrespective of their origin, germinated after 4 weeks in
1/2 MS basal media containing 2.32 μM kinetin (KN) and 1.07 μM NAA. Well-rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized.
Histological analysis and scanning electron micrographs confirmed the initiation, development, and germination of somatic
embryos from both explants. 相似文献
7.
Rangan Parimalan Akshatha Venugopalan Parvatam Giridhar G. A. Ravishankar 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,105(3):317-328
Establishment, maintenance, regeneration, and transformation of somatic embryos by both direct and indirect means (callus-mediated)
was achieved for Bixa orellana, a tropical plant whose seeds produce commercially edible ‘annatto pigment,’ which mainly constitutes an apocarotenoid called
bixin. Callus-mediated methodology was found to be efficient in producing a greater number of embryos in a short time. The
maximum of 28 somatic embryos were produced in 16–18 weeks when immature zygotic embryonic stalks were inoculated onto Murashige
and Skoog (MS) medium containing B5 vitamins supplemented with 0.44 μM benzyladenine (BA), 0.054 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid
(NAA), 2.89 μM gibberellic acid (GA3), 0.02 μM triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), and 0.011 μM triacontanol (TRIA). Callus initiation from hypocotyl explants was obtained
on MS medium supplemented with 1.07–2.14 μM NAA and 10.2 μM BA. In 3 months, somatic embryos were produced when callus was
inoculated onto MS medium supplemented with 4.44 μM BA, 40 μM AgNO3, and 0.011 μM TRIA. Somatic embryos were efficiently regenerated on MS basal solid and liquid media supplemented with 0.44–4.4 μM
BA, 0.54–2.69 μM NAA, 4.92 μM 2iP, 2.1 μM calcium d-pantothenate, 0.21 μM biotin, 227.7 μM cysteine HCl monohydrate, and 108.6 μM adenine sulfate. Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV 3101 harboring pCAMBIA 1305.2 binary vector-mediated stable transformation of somatic embryos exhibited a transformation
frequency of 2.56%. As somatic embryogenesis in any perennial system is useful in terms of both commercial and scientific
nature, this somatic embryo-based transformation protocol for the commercially important dye-yielding tropical plant B. orellana is useful for its improvement through genetic engineering. 相似文献
8.
Daniela Lopes Paim Pinto Ana Maria Rocha de Almeida Mailson Monteiro Rêgo Maurecilne Lemes da Silva Evelyn Jardim de Oliveira Wagner Campos Otoni 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,107(3):521-530
Mature zygotic embryos of three genotypes of Passiflora edulis Sims, including ‘FB-100’, ‘FB-200’, and ‘FB-300’ were incubated on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) (1962) medium supplemented with different concentrations (18.1–114.8 μM) of 2,4-diclorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4.4 μM of
6-benzyladenine (BA). MS basal medium and MS with BA induced germination of P. edulis embryos. The highest frequencies of embryogenic calli were observed when explants were incubated on MS medium supplemented
with 72.4 μM 2,4-D and 4.4 μM BA for ‘FB-200’, which showed the highest potential for embryogenic callus formation. Cytological
and histological analyses of pro-embryogenic callus revealed two distinct cell types: thin-walled, small, isodiametric cells
with large nuclei and dense cytoplasm, typical of intense metabolic activity; and elongated and vacuolated cells, with small
nuclei and less dense cytoplasm. Differentiation of somatic embryos was promoted on MS medium supplemented with activated
charcoal and indole-3-acetyl-l-aspartic acid (IAA-Asp) either with or without 2,4-D. However, no conversion of somatic embryos into plantlets was observed. 相似文献
9.
A simple and efficient system was developed for rapid somatic embryogenesis from leaf explants of Merwilla plumbea, a traditional but threatened medicinal plant in South Africa. Friable embryogenic callus (FEC) was obtained from leaf explants
on embryogenic callus induction medium containing agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts and vitamins, 8.3 μM picloram,
2.3 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) and 20 μM glutamine. FEC was subsequently incubated in embryogenic callus proliferation medium containing
4.5 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4.1 μM picloram for 7 days before it was transferred to liquid somatic embryo
medium (SEML) containing MS medium supplemented with 0.4 μM picloram and 0.9 μM TDZ. In SEML supplemented with 150 mg L−1 haemoglobin, 5.4–35.6 somatic embryos per settled cell volume of 500 mg FEC were obtained. These embryos were at globular
to cotyledonary developmental stages. Embryo maturation, germination and plant formation rate was 94.4% following transfer
of SEs to half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1.4 μM gibberellic acid. Plantlets transferred into soil acclimatized
in the misthouse and established successfully in the greenhouse (100%). This is the first report on induction of Merwilla plumbea somatic embryogenesis. The protocol developed offers controlled vegetative propagation by alleviating extinction threats,
ensures germplasm conservation and provides a system for physiological, biochemical, molecular and cellular studies of embryo
development. 相似文献
10.
S. Zdravković-Korać J. Milojević Lj. Tubić D. Ćalić-Dragosavac N. Mitić B. Vinterhalter 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,101(2):237-244
A protocol has been developed for somatic embryogenesis and subsequent plant regeneration in Allium schoenoprasum L. Calli were induced from root sections isolated from axenic seedlings and cultivated on media containing either Murashige
and Skoog’s (MS) or Dunstan and Short’s mineral solution supplemented with 5 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in
combination with 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 6-furfurylaminopurine (Kin) or thidiazuron (TDZ) at 1, 5 or 10 μM. The highest
frequencies of callus induction were achieved on media with 5 μM 2,4-D in combination with 5 μM TDZ or 10 μM BA (78.9% and
78.4%, respectively). Calli were then transferred to 1 μM 2,4-D, where compact yellow callus turned to segmented yellowish
callus with transparent globular somatic embryos at the surface. Calli that were previously grown on media with 5 μM 2,4-D
in combination with 10 μM BA or 10 μM TDZ showed the highest frequencies of embryogenic callus formation (45% and 42%) as
well as mean number of somatic embryos per regenerating callus. The choice of mineral solution formulation did not significantly
affect callus induction or embryogenic callus formation. The embryos could complete development into whole plants on plant
growth regulator (PGR)-free medium, but inclusion of Kin (0.5, 2.5 and 5 μM) in this phase improved somatic embryo development
and multiplication. Subsequently transferred to 1/2 MS PGR-free medium, all embryos rooted and the survival rate of the plants
in a greenhouse was 96%. 相似文献
11.
M. A. K. Azad S. Yokota F. Begum N. Yoshizawa 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2009,45(4):441-449
Somatic embryogenesis and subsequent plant regeneration were established from hypocotyl and internode explants collected from
in vitro-grown seedlings and in vitro-proliferated shoots, respectively. Somatic embryogenesis was significantly influenced by the types of auxin and cytokinin.
Friable calluses with somatic embryos developed well in Murashige and Skoog basal (MS) medium supplemented with 0.8–8.8 μM
6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 2.0–8.0 μM 2,4-dichlorophexoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The maximal
frequency of embryogenic callus and somatic embryo formation were obtained when the MS medium was amended with 8.8 μM BA and
4.0 μM 2,4-D. The best embryo germination occurred in a hormone-free 1/2-MS medium. The highest percentage of shoot proliferation
was observed in embryogenic calluses in MS medium containing 2.0 μM BA and 1.0 μM NAA. In vitro-grown shoots were rooted in MS medium with 0.5–2.0 μM indole-3-butyric acid. Regenerants were transferred to vermiculite and
successfully established under an ex vitro environment in garden soil. 相似文献
12.
Iosif Papanastasiou Katerina Soukouli Georgia Moschopoulou Jane Kahia Spiridon Kintzios 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,92(2):215-225
We investigated the effect of the physical state of the nutrient medium on the induction of somatic embryogenesis on cell
cultures derived from coffee (Coffea arabica L.). Non-embryogenic callus tissues were pulsed initially with 50 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA) for 6, 24 or 48 h in half-strength
liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. After pretreatment, calli were transferred to agar-solidified half-strength MS medium
supplemented with 50 μM BA (‘standard induction medium’). Control callus tissues were incubated directly on the solid standard
induction medium. Callus growth was promoted by longer pretreatment periods. Formation of globular somatic embryos was observed
on callus tissues pretreated with BA for 24 or 48 h, which developed fully to cotyledonary-stage within only 2 weeks after
transfer to agar-solidified medium supplemented with BA. No embryo formation occurred in control cultures. Pretreatment with
BA in liquid medium was associated with changes in the redox status of cultured cells, such as alterations of the ascorbate–glutathione
redox systems and the accumulation of free radicals and oxidized lipids, as well as the possible reduction of cytochrome c-mediated apoptotic pathways. In particular, the induction of somatic embryogenesis was highly positively correlated (r
2 = 0.822) with the accumulation of protein carbonyls. The physiological role of BA as an inducer of both embryonic differentiation
and cellular death is discussed. 相似文献
13.
Jin Cui Jianjun Chen Richard J. Henny 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2009,45(1):34-43
Plant regeneration through direct somatic embryogenesis in Aeschynanthus radicans ‘Mona Lisa’ was achieved in this study. Globular somatic embryos were formed directly from cut edges of leaf explants and
cut ends or on the surface of stem explants 4 wk after culture on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with N-phenyl-N′-1, 2, 3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (TDZ) with α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), TDZ with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D),
or 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) or kintin (KN) with 2,4-D. MS medium containing 9.08 μM TDZ and 2.68 μM 2,4-D resulted in 71%
of stem explants producing somatic embryos. In contrast, 40% of leaf explants produced somatic embryos when induced in medium
containing 6.81 μM TDZ and 2.68 μM 2,4-D. Somatic embryos matured, and some germinated into small plants on the initial induction
medium. Up to 64% of stem explants cultured on medium supplemented with 9.08 μM TDZ + 2.68 μM 2,4-D, 36% of leaf explants
cultured on medium containing 6.81 μM TDZ and 2.68 μM 2,4-D had somatic embryo germination before or after transferring onto
MS medium containing 8.88 μM BA and 1.07 μM NAA. Shoots elongated better and roots developed well on MS medium without growth
regulators. Approximately 30–50 plantlets were regenerated from each stem or leaf explant. The regenerated plants grew vigorously
after transplanting to a soil-less substrate in a shaded greenhouse with more than a 98% survival rate. Three months after
their establishment in the shaded greenhouse, 500 plants regenerated from stem explants were morphologically evaluated, from
which five types of variants that had large, orbicular, elliptic, small, and lanceolate leaves were identified. Flow cytometry
analysis of the variants along with the parent showed that they all had one identical peak, indicating that the variant lines,
like the parent, were diploid. The mean nuclear DNA contents of the variant lines and their parent ranged from 4.90 to 4.99 pg
2C−1, which were not significantly different statistically. The results suggest that the regenerated plants have a stable ploidy
level, and the regeneration method established in this study can be used for rapid propagation of ploidy-stable Aeschynanthus radicans. 相似文献
14.
The initiation and development of somatic embryos and organogenic shoots and corm-like structures (CLSs) from petiole-derived
calli of Amorphophallus rivieri Durieu were observed histologically. The petioles were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 5.37 μM
α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 4.44 μM N6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) for callus induction. The shoot and corm organogenesis occurred from the compact calli when they
were transferred to a medium containing 0.54 μM NAA and 4.44 μM 6-BA. A combination of 13.57 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid (2,4-D) and 8.88 μM 6-BA or 24.18 μM NAA and 6.66 μM 6-BA was optimum for induction of somatic embryos, which failed
to produce plantlets because of their structural abnormalities. Shoot regeneration predominantly happened through organogenesis
although somatic embryogenesis infrequently occurred. The subepidermal cells of the compact callus converted to competent
cells and started divisions, which resulted in formation of the meristemoids. The meristemoid cells continued division to
develop into bud primordia. Subepidermal cells could also form the globular structures. Subsequently, these globoids developed
into CLSs from which plantlets regenerated during subculture. Meanwhile, the CLSs were capable to form cormels, which could
be a promising way for the propagation of A. rivieri. 相似文献
15.
A. Ptak A. El. Tahchy G. Wyżgolik M. Henry D. Laurain-Mattar 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,102(1):61-67
The influence of ethylene on in vitro morphogenesis of Leucojum aestivum and galanthamine accumulation was studied. Calli were cultivated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 25 μM
4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) and 0.5 μM benzyladenine (BA). During incubation under these conditions,
callus cultures produced ethylene (9.5 nL/g fresh weight: F.W.) whereas no ethylene was found in somatic embryos cultivated
on medium supplemented with 0.5 μM α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 5 μM zeatin. Application of the precursor of ethylene
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) increased ethylene production in both cultures, and decreased callus growth by
a factor of 1.2, whereas callus growth was enhanced by a factor of 1.1 in the presence of an inhibitor of ethylene silver
nitrate (AgNO3) or by a factor of 1.2 with an absorbent potassium permanganate (KMnO4). ACC enhanced the induction of somatic embryos and the development of globular embryos. Removal of ethylene by KMnO4 during somatic embryogenesis led to the development of plants with greater length. Silver thiosulphate (STS) induced galanthamine
production in callus cultures (0.1% dry weight), whereas ACC induced galanthamine production in somatic embryo cultures (2%
dry weight). 相似文献
16.
Veena Agrawal Pratima Rani Sardar 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2007,43(6):585-592
In vitro regeneration through somatic embryogenesis as well as organogenesis using cotyledon of a woody medicinal legume, Cassia angustifolia is reported. The cotyledons dissected from semi-mature seeds, if inoculated on Murashige and Skoog’s medium (MS) supplemented
with auxin alone or in combination with cytokinin, produced direct and indirect somatic embryos. A maximum of 14.36 ± 2.26
somatic embryos per 20 mg of explants including callus were produced in 70% cultures on MS medium with 2.5 μM benzyladenine
(BA) + 10 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Although the percentage of embryogenic cultures was higher (83.33%) at
10 μM 2,4-D + 1 μM BA, the average number of somatic embryos was much less (7.6 ± 0.85) at this level, whereas at 2.5 μM BA
and 5 μM 2,4-D, there was a simultaneous formation of both somatic embryos and shoots. The somatic embryos, although started
germinating on the same medium, developed into full plantlets only if transferred to MS basal with 2% sucrose. Cytokinins
alone did not induce somatic embryogenesis, but formed multiple shoots. Five micromolar BA proved optimum for recurrently
inducing shoots in the competent callus with a maximum average of 12.04 ± 2.10 shoots and shoot length of 2.26 ± 0.03 cm.
Nearly 91.6% shoots (2–2.5 cm in size) organized an average of 5.12 ± 0.58 roots on half strength MS + 10 μM indole-3-butyric
acid. All the plantlets have been transferred successfully to soil. Types of auxin and its interaction with cytokinin significantly
influenced somatic embryogenesis. 相似文献
17.
Xingyu Yang Jinfeng Lü Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva Guohua Ma 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2012,109(2):213-221
Primulina tabacum is a rare and endangered species that is endemic to China. Establishing an efficient regeneration system is necessary for
its conservation and reintroduction. In this study, when leaf explants collected from plants grown in four ecotypes in China
are incubated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 5.0 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) for 30 days, then transferred to medium
containing 5.0 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA), adventitious shoots are then observed. Conversely, when leaf explants are incubated
on medium containing 5.0 μM BA for 30 days, then transferred to medium containing 5.0 μM TDZ, somatic embryogenesis is induced.
This indicates that somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis could be switched simply by changing the order of two cytokinins
supplemented in the culture medium. Histological investigation has revealed that embryogenic cells are induced within 30 days
following incubation of explants in medium containing TDZ. Only if embryogenic cells were induced, TDZ could enhance somatic
embryogenesis and BA could stimulate shoot organogenesis. When comparing explants from different ecotypes, leaf explants
from Zixiadong in Hunan Province could induce low numbers (1–2) of either somatic embryos or adventitious shoots on medium
containing either 5.0 μM TDZ or 5.0 μM BA, respectively. Whereas, leaf explants from plants collected from the other three
ecological habitats could induce 50–70 somatic embryos/adventitious shoots per explant. Moreover, somatic embryos could induce
secondary somatic embryogenesis and adventitious shoots on different media. All regenerated shoots developed adventitious
roots when these are transferred to rooting medium, and over 95% of plantlets have survived following acclimatization and
transfer to a potting mixture (1:1, sand:vermiculite). 相似文献
18.
Murugesan Dhandapani Doo Hwan Kim Seung-Beom Hong 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2008,44(1):18-25
High-frequency plant regeneration of C. roseus cv. ‘little bright eye’ via somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis from five out of six explants was standardized. Two factors
were found to be important for regeneration: (1) the type of explants, and (2) the combination and concentrations of plant
growth regulators. The highest regeneration percentage through somatic embryogenesis was obtained from mature zygotic embryo
in MS medium supplemented with 7.5 μM of thidiazuron (TDZ). The mature embryo also regenerated efficiently via organogenesis
in MS medium supplemented with either 2.5 μM TDZ or 5.3 μM α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2.2 μM 6-benzylaminopurine
(BA). Hypocotyl and cotyledon did not induce somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis in TDZ-containing medium but gave a maximum
percentage of shoots in MS medium supplemented with 5.3 μM NAA and 2.2 μM BA. Stem nodes and meristem tips showed better regeneration
via organogenesis in the medium supplemented with NAA and BA and in lower concentrations of TDZ. 相似文献
19.
Benzyladenine Induced Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration of Leptadenia reticulata 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
K.P. Martin 《Biologia Plantarum》2004,48(2):285-288
Plant regeneration through indirect somatic embryogenesis was attempted from leaf, internode, node and shoot-tip derived callus
of Leptadenia reticulata. Somatic embryos at the highest frequency was induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 8.87 μM benzyladenine
(BA) and 2.46 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). From different explants, only shoot-tip and node explant derived calli induced
somatic embryos. Transfer of the embryogenic callus to suspension cultures of the same concentration of growth regulators
facilitated the development of embryos. Suspension cultures with reduced concentration of BA (2.22 μM) either alone or in
combination with 0.49 μM IBA fostered maturation of embryos. Half-strength MS solid medium with 1.44 μM GA3 and BA (0.22 or 0.44 μM) facilitated conversion of embryos into plantlets at higher rate compared to that on with BA alone.
About 77 plantlets were recovered from 10 mg callus. Plantlets transferred to small cups and subsequently to field survived
in 80 %. All the plantlets established in the field exhibited morphological characters similar to that of the mother plant.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) is a multipurpose small tree with unique berries of high nutritional and pharmaceutical values. A clonally propagated plant
originating from a 20-year-old tree of H. r. rhamnoides × mongolica hybrid cultivar Julia and seedling offspring of this cultivar were investigated regarding induction of shoot organogenesis
in leaf explants and in roots of intact seedlings, and induction of direct somatic embryogenesis in explants from shoot tissue.
The highest percentage of leaf explants showing shoot organogenesis was achieved (juvenile explants, 65%; adult explants,
75%) when incubated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with either 4.5 μM of the phenylurea cytokinin thidiazuron
(TDZ) or 2.25 μM TDZ plus 2.2 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA), for juvenile and adult explants, respectively, both supplemented with
0.53 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Juvenile explants developed on average 18 shoots per explant in the MS medium supplemented
with 4.5 μM TDZ, a four fold increase over those incubated on the medium supplemented with 2.25 μM TDZ and 2.2 μM BA. Adult
leaf explants grown on medium containing 2.25 μM TDZ and 2.2 μM BA medium produced 12 shoots per explant, while those grown
on medium containing 4.5 μM TDZ produced 5 shoots per explant. Shoot organogenesis was observed in roots of intact seedlings
pre-cultured on plain medium lacking nutrients (PM) or woody plant medium (WPM) salts and then grown on WPM salts supplemented
with 4.4 μM BA, 0.29 μM gibberrelic acid (GA3), and 57.0 μM indoleacetic acid (IAA). The number of shoots formed on each seedling
root system was ten fold higher when the pre-culture was in WPM medium indicating a promoting effect of mineral nutrients
in the pre-culture medium. Somatic embryogenesis was induced in both juvenile and adult leaf explants in 65 and 78% of the
explants, respectively, in MS-based medium supplemented with 2.0 μM N-(2-Chloro-4-pyridyl)-N
1-phenylurea (CPPU), 0.53 μM NAA and varying concentrations of BA. There was an interaction effect between MS salt strength
and BA concentration. The most effective medium for inducing somatic embryogenesis in juvenile explants contained half strength
MS salts and 2.2 μM BA and full strength MS salts and 13.2 μM BA for adult explants. 相似文献