Taxonomy of Marine Bacteria: Beneckea parahaemolytica and Beneckea alginolytica

A collection of 169 strains, including 91 obtained from cases of gastroenteritis and 41 from localized tissue infections and infections of the eye and ear, was submitted to an extensive nutritional, physiological, and morphological characterization. The nutritional and physiological data obtained from these strains, as well as data for strains of other species of the genus Beneckea, were submitted to a numerical analysis which grouped the strains into clusters on the basis of phenotypic similarity. Strains from cases of gastroenteritis formed a group of three clusters which linked at a similarity value of 68%. These three clusters could not, however, be separated from each other by universally positive or negative traits, and on the basis of their overall phenotypic similarity were assigned to a single species, B. parahaemolytica. The majority of the strains from human, nonenteric sources segregated into two distinct clusters, one designated B. alginolytica and the other unassigned with respect to species (group C-2). B. parahaemolytica, B. alginolytica, and group C-2 could be readily distinguished from one another as well as from the remaining species of the genus Beneckea by multiple, unrelated, phenotypic traits. Activities of selected enzymes of glucose and gluconate catabolism in cell-free extracts of B. parahaemolytica, B. alginolytica, and group C-2 suggested that these organisms utilized glucose primarily via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway and gluconate primarily via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Similar results were observed in the other members of the genus Beneckea.     

Taxonomy of Marine Bacteria: Beneckea nigrapulchrituda sp. n

Fourteen bacterial strains of marine origin, which formed colonies containing crystals of a blue-black pigment, were submitted to a morphological, physiological, and nutritional characterization. The results indicated that these organisms form a new species of the genus Beneckea.     

Genes of NAD+-Dependent Formate Dehydrogenases in Taxonomy of Aerobic Methylotrophic Bacteria of the Genus Ancylobacter

Microbiology - Comparative phylogenetic analysis of NAD+-dependent formate dehydrogenases (NAD+-FDH) genes, which have been detected in all available genomes of methylotrophs of the genera...     

Paramoeba: A Common Marine Genus

Amoebae of the genus Paramoeba Schaudinn, 1896, have been found in British waters, further attesting to the wide distribution and common occurrence of these unusually interesting marine protozoa. The British strains belong to the species P. pemaquidensis Page, 1970, first described from the Atlantic coast of North America. The Nebenkörper appears to be characteristic of a morphologically and systematically homogeneous group of amoebae.     

Taxonomy of Aerobic Marine Eubacteria

Two hundred and eighteen strains of nonfermentative marine bacteria were submitted to an extensive morphological, physiological, and nutritional characterization. All the strains were gram-negative, straight or curved rods which were motile by means of polar or peritrichous flagella. A wide variety of organic substrates served as sole sources of carbon and energy. The strains differed extensively in their nutritional versatility, being able to utilize from 11 to 85 carbon compounds. Some strains had an extracellular amylase, gelatinase, lipase, or chitinase and were able to utilize n-hexadecane and to denitrify. None of the strains had a yellow, cell-associated pigment or a constitutive arginine dihydrolase system, nor were they able to hydrolyze cellulose or agar. The results of the physiological and nutritional characterization were submitted to a numerical analysis which clustered the strains into 22 groups on the basis of phenotypic similarities. The majority of these groups were separable by a large number of unrelated phenotypic traits. Analysis of the moles per cent guanine plus cytosine (GC) content in the deoxyribonucleic acid of representative strains indicated that the peritrichously flagellated groups had a GC content of 53.7 to 67.8 moles%; polarly flagellated strains had a GC content of 30.5 to 64.7 moles%. The peritrichously flagellated groups were assigned to the genus Alcaligenes. The polarly flagellated groups, which had a GC content of 43.2 to 48.0 moles%, were placed into a newly created genus, Alteromonas; groups which had a GC content of 57.8 to 64.7 moles% were placed into the genus Pseudomonas; and the remaining groups were left unassigned. Twelve groups were given the following designations: Alteromonas communis, A. vaga, A. macleodii, A. marinopraesens, Pseudomonas doudoroffi, P. marina, P. nautica, Alcaligenes pacificus, A. cupidus, A. venustus, and A. aestus. The problems of assigning species of aerobic marine bacteria to genera are discussed.     

Structure and Arrangement of Flagella in Species of the Genus Beneckea and Photobacterium fischeri

Species of marine bacteria belonging to the genus Beneckea and strains of Photobacterium fischeri were negatively stained and examined by means of the electron microscope to determine the structure and arrangement of their flagella. All of the species of the genus Beneckea had single, polar, sheathed flagella when grown in liquid medium. When grown on solid medium, most strains of B. campbellii and B. neptuna and all strains of B. alginolytica and B. parahaemolytica had unsheathed, peritrichous flagella in addition to the single, sheathed, polar flagellum. The remaining species, B. nereida, B. pelagia, and B. natriegens, had a single, polar, sheathed flagellum when grown on solid medium. Strains of P. fischeri had sheathed flagella arranged in polar tufts. Only one group (B-2) of marine bacteria included in this study was found to have polar, unsheathed flagella.     

The Diatom Genus Tabellaria: I. Taxonomy and Morphology

A morphological study of natural populations of Tabellaria infresh water suggested that there were two fundamentally differenttypes of growth (and therefore frustule structure) in the genus,and this has been confirmed by means of unialgal clone cultures.The existence of these different types of growth forms the basisfor a revision of the genus. A diagnosis of T. quadriseptatanov. spec, is given, the specific limits of T. fenestrata andT. flocculosa are redefined, and the occurrence of T. binalisin Britain is reported for the first time.     

Isolation of Bacteriophages of the Marine Bacterium Beneckea natriegens from Coastal Salt Marshes

Bacteriophages of the marine bacterium Beneckea natriegens were isolated from coastal marshes where they were limited to brackish and marine waters. The phages were widely distributed and morphologically diverse in the marshes.     

镰刀菌属分类学研究历史与现状

镰刀菌是农作物和经济作物的重要病原菌,其产生的真菌毒素可危及人畜健康。近十几年来欧美的科学家在研究技术上有新的突破,使镰刀菌属种的概念在认识上有迅速的发展,尤其是那些引起谷类作物严重病害,并产生毒素的种类。在我国,从谷类粮食、饲料中检出镰刀菌毒素的现象屡有报道,我们对镰刀菌属种以及产生这些毒素的菌种(菌株)的认识还有待进一步加强。     

On the Taxonomy of Mrazekidae: Resurrection of the Genus Bacillidium Janda, 192812

ABSTRACT. This paper reviews the taxonomy of the microsporidia of the family Mrazekidae Léger & Hesse, 1922, based on reexamination of slides in the collection of Prof. O. Jirovec, Prague, and discusses the available type material of Mrazekia argoisi and Bacillidium criodrili. Mrazekia argoisi differs prominently from the other species, and the genus Mrazekia is restricted to this species. The aberrant cytology and development exclude the species from the phylum Microspora. The genus Bacillidium is resurrected for the type species B. criodrili and for four other species. The genus Jirovecia is retained, and five species are transferred to this genus. A new family is erected for Bacillidium and Jirovecia. As B. criodrili does not exhibit octosporoblastic, pansporoblastic sporogony, the recent taxonomic treatment of the genus Bacillidium by Issi is rejected. Mrazekia jiroveci Sprague, 1977, the new name for B. limnodrili Jirovec, 1936, is rejected.     

Taxonomy of the Yeast Genus Metschnikowia: a Correction and a New Variety

Metschnikowia isolates from ponds on Chatham Island, New Zealand, previously erroneously reported as M. zobellii, are described herein as M. bicuspidata var. chathamia var. n.     

The Ovule and 'Seed' of Araucaria Bidwilli with Discussion of the Taxonomy of the Genus II. Taxonomy

This paper deals with the taxonomic and historical backgroundof the genus Araucaria with a discussion and evaluation of charactersused as a basis for sectional division. The three existing sectionsare more clearly delimited and a new section-Sectio Bunya-isproposed for A. Bidwilli, which is removed from section Columbea.A key to the four sections is given.     

The Diatom Genus Tabellaria: II. Taxonomy and Morphology of the Plankton Varieties

Plankton samples of Tabellaria from all the lakes of the EnglishLake District have been examined and evidence of morphologicallydistinct populations has been found in samples from (a) a singlelake at one time, (b) different lakes, and (c) a single lakeat different times. Clone cultures have been used to study thenature of these differences. Fifteen characters have been foundto show quantitative or qualitative variation in plankton populationsof Tabellaria, and the morphological diversity of differentpopulations is largely due to different combinations of thesecharacters. All known plankton populations of Tabellaria arereferred to the species T. flocculosa.     

中国园粉蝶属Cepora Billberg分类研究(鳞翅目:粉蝶科)

首次基于雌、雄性外生殖器对中国园粉蝶属Cepora Billberg进行系统分类研究,提供了外生殖器结构图、成虫照片和前、后翅脉序图,编制了分种及分亚种检索表:同时通过解剖吴氏园粉蝶C wui Chou & zhang正模的外生殖器,结合形态特征提出其为栗斑粉蝶Delias levicki的新异名,明确了其分类地位,且...     

异常球菌属的分类及应用研究进展

异常球菌属的菌株是一类对引起细胞致死效应的辐射有极强抵抗能力的细菌,这类菌株不形成内生孢子,细胞呈球形或杆状,不具运动性。1956年,Anderson从经过射线灭菌处理后的肉罐头中发现了第一个异常球菌属的菌株（Deinococcus radiodurans）R1,该菌已得到了较为广泛的研究,以期阐明其抗辐射机制。伴随着微生物分类技术的发展,异常球菌属菌株的分类地位经历了很大的变化。目前,该属已涵盖了20个有效发表种。也由于异常球菌属菌株耐受辐射的能力是大肠杆菌忍耐辐射能力的千倍之上,而使其应用研究受到了广泛关注。     

A Contribution to the Taxonomy of the Genus Xiphinema Cobb, 1913

In a comparative study of different populations of Xiphinema, the significance of the female gonad structure in species determination is stressed, and monodelphic, pseudomonodelphic, and didelphic forms in the genus are defined. X. chambersi is redescribed and illustrated, X. ensiculiferum and X. krugi are redefined, and X. ensiculiferoides n.sp. and X. orthotenum n.sp. are described. Proposed new synonymies are: X. itanhaense = X. brasiliense; X. bulgariensis and X. conurum = X. italiae; X. ifacolum = X. basiri; X. macrostylum = X. ensiculiferum; X. truncatum = X. elongatum; and X. vulgare = X. setariae. X. yapoense is considered species inquirenda and X. obtusum a nomen dubium. The following eight subgenera of the genus Xiphinema are proposed: Radiphinema n. subg., Krugiphinema n. subg., Xiphinema n. subg., Elongiphinema n. subg., Halliphinema n. subg., Basiphinema n. subg., Rotundiphinema n. subg., and Diversiphinema n. subg. A key to the subgenera of Xiphinema is presented, plus a list of 50 species in the genus, their synonyms, and 10 species inquirendae.