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长阳青铜时代与大同北魏朝代人类牙齿的形态变异 总被引：2，自引：4，他引：2
本文记述了湖北长阳县深潭湾青铜时代和山西大同市郊北魏朝代两处墓葬遗址出土的人类牙齿形态变异的状况,提供人们对牙齿形态种种变异的认识,探索非测量性牙齿特征在研究种族和人群之间关系中的意义。 相似文献
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本文记述了发现于河南下王岗新石器时代遗址,山西朔州汉代遗址和大同市郊北魏朝代遗址的人类骨骼一疾病：强直性脊椎炎,初上计,其人群发病率与美洲玳的群基本相似,但骶额融合的比例,以女性多于男性而区别于美洲人群。这是我知时代较早的一种骨骼疾病。 相似文献
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本文对甘肃酒泉干骨崖墓地出土的青铜时代人骨进行了X—光病理鉴定,结果表明,我国早在距今4000年前,就有骨包虫病和骨肿瘤病发生的可能。骨质疏松的发病年龄普遍低于现代人。同时发现,该地区古代居民氟骨症较严重。这可能与当地古环境有关。牙齿胚胎发育疾病有待于进一步研究。 相似文献
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对在湖北长阳县深潭湾崖葬墓出土的青铜时代人类乳齿形态特征的观察研究显示在人类恒齿出现的大多数具有种族识别价值的形态特征在乳齿有相等程度的表现,其中部分特征的出现率和表现程度高于恒齿。与其他地区人群相比,长阳青铜时代人类乳齿特征在总体上与东北亚人类具有的“中国型牙齿”特征接近。同时,在个别牙齿特征上呈现出南亚蒙古人种的特点。作者对产生这种现象的原因进行了分析。本文还就长阳青铜时代人类乳齿测量数据的表现特点进行了探讨。 相似文献
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甘肃酒泉青铜时代人类头骨种系类型的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文对甘肃酒泉干骨崖墓地人头骨的种系类型特征进行了多元分析,全部头骨接近蒙古人种东亚类型,未发现具有西方人种特征的头骨。 相似文献
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喇家遗址位于青海省民和县,主体为齐家文化的遗存,距今大约3900~4300年。喇家遗址古代人类迁移活动的研究,对于探索黄河上游古代文明,推动该地区齐家文化研究,有着积极的学术意义。本文首先采用电感耦合等离子体质谱技术对喇家遗址出土的22个个体的44份牙釉质和骨骼样品进行了元素分析,根据检测结果排除了受到污染的2份骨骼样品。其次,通过热电离质谱分析方法对喇家遗址出土22个个体的42份牙釉质和骨骼样品及8个猪牙釉质样品的锶同位素比值进行了测定。检测数据表明,猪牙釉质的锶同位素比值的标准偏差远小于其他动物,可以推断猪由当地饲养的可能性是最大的,因此其牙釉质锶同位素比值可以代表当地的锶同位素水平。经过计算得到8个猪牙釉质的锶同位素比值的平均值为0.710930,将该平均值加或减2倍标准偏差可以得到喇家遗址当地的锶同位素比值范围在0.711058~0.710802之间。以此为前提可以推测,本次检测的22个个体中,有17个个体牙釉质的锶同位素比值在遗址当地的锶同位素比值范围内,可能为本地出生。还有2个个体牙釉质在当地的锶同位素比值范围上下限附近,姑且存疑;仅有3个个体牙釉质的锶同位素比值在遗址当地的锶同位素比值范围以外,表明这些个体可能在其他地区出生,去世后埋葬在遗址中。此外,数据分析还显示,本地出生人群牙釉质的锶同位素比值平均值与骨骼的锶同位素比值平均值比较接近,暗示喇家遗址当地古人类生活方式可能比较统一。 相似文献
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目的:总结髁突骨折治疗方法选择的原则和适应征,为髁突骨折的治疗提供参考依据.方法:对225例髁突骨折住院病例进行回顾性分析,对患者的受伤年龄、性别、受伤原因、部位、合并损伤、治疗方法、疗效等方面进行分析.结果:髁突骨折多见于20-49岁男性,交通伤害的成年患者的常见病因,跌落损伤是小孩和老人患者的常见病因.骨折常发生在髁突颈,多合并颌面部其他部位骨折.高位骨折和(或)没有明显移位的骨折常采用保守治疗,中低位骨折和(或)有明显移位的骨折常采用手术治疗.结论:髁突骨折的高发人群是青壮年,最常见的致病因素为交通伤;现阶段髁突骨折的治疗方法主要有保守治疗和手术治疗,治疗方法的选择跟患者年龄、骨折部位和移位程度相关. 相似文献
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20世纪的中国人类古生物学研究与展望 总被引：22，自引：8，他引：22
本文回顾中国人类古生物学在20世纪的主要研究进展。中国的化石曾经数度入围最早期的人类。目前中国已有60余处地点发现了人类化石, 其中最古老的暂时要推云南元谋上那蚌的两颗门齿。对中国人类化石的研究提出了连续进化附带杂交的模式, 支持现代人起源的多地区进化说。中国各时期的化石人类有较显著的地区差异。中国人类的发展可能比喻为既有分支间的杂交融合, 又有小分支的绝灭和局部替代的河网状。 相似文献
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The human skeletons were excavated from Bronze-Age Tombs in Miao-Ho -Shan of Ben-xi City, Liaoning Province. The cranial materials (including 4 males and 2 females) are preserved at Benxi Museum.<br>The paper described the morphological features of Benxi crania in some details and discussed the problems concerned with the racial relationship between the Benxi crania and other modern crania of the neighboring populations in North Asia.<br>The characteristics of the crania are as follows: The vault is ellipsoid to ovoid in norma verticalis. The Chignon can be. found at the rear part of two crania. The cranial form is long and wide but high. The vault sutures are uncomplicated in the structure. The lambdoid ossicle occurred on one cranium. The coronal ossicles on both lateral sides of coronal suture appeared on one of the crania. The transition between the lower margin of zygomatic process of the maxilla and the inferior margin of zygomatic bone is rough in all of the crania.<br>In norma frontalis, the superciliary arch is more developed than the glabella, but the middle portion of the superciliary arch is stout and turns suddenly became of a very low relief at the lateral sides. This structure is very like those of Omisaki crania in Hokkaido (Ishida, 1988).The facial part is very wide (145.3 mm) and not high (72.3 mm). The horizontal contour of the nasal bone is low and flat (the simotic index is 29.71). The piliform aperture is not high but oderate wide. The inferior piliform margin belongs to the type of fossa prenasalis in most of the crania. The shape of orbital is low and wide. It is of interest to note that the infraorbital suture is observed in Benxi crania, many of which reach into the infraorbital foramen. This structure appeared in Omisalki crania (Ishida, 1988).<br>The cluster analysis of the standardized Euclidcan's distance depends on 9 items of the cranial measurements based on the male individual. The results are shown in Fig. 1.<br>This figure clearly shows that Benxi, Omisaki, Sakhalin Ainu, Tongus and Eskimo groups form one cluster separated from all of modern Chinese crania in different regions. It might be indicated that the characteristics of Benxi crania are more like that of Omisaki, Tongus, Sakhalin Ainu and Eskimo than that of the modern craina from different regions in China. With regard to the relationship between the Benxi group and 4 groups as mentioned above, the Benxi group has a close resemblance to Omisaki group in the cranial measurements. This is especially so for the cranial length, the cranial breadth, the cranial height, the bizygomatic breadth and the upper facial height. Besides, the Benxi crania also have extremely flat faces as that of Omisaki group (Ishida, 1988).<br>From the cluster analysis and the comparative analysis, the present authors believe that the ancestor of the groups living in Siberia region and Okhotsk Seacoast must have come from the North Chinese people about 20000 years ago as Turner ll proposed in 1986. As for the cranial affinities between Benxi group. and Omisaki group, Hajime (1988) believed that the Omisaki amd Moyoro are the same racial group (the Okhotsk group), as the cranial measurements concerned, they have a close resemblance to the Nanays and Ulchs living in the low basin of Heilongjiang River. In this regard, we quite agree with his opinion. But, we prefer to believe that the Nanays and Ulchs rise from the ancient inhabitant lived in North China and may be from Bronze-Age population represented by Benxi group in North-Eastern China. This fact related to the migration of the ancient Chinese population. We inferred that the ancient Chinese populations of the North-Eastern in Bronze-Age wene to low basin of Heilongjiang River through Heilongjiang region and continued t0 move northward along the eastern coast of Siberia. Some of them crossed to Omisaki region through Sakhalin and became the modern Omisaki group. Thus, it stands to reason that Benxi group must be the direct ancestor of Omisaki group living in Hokkaido. 相似文献
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辽宁本溪青铜时代人骨 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
本文记述了辽宁本溪市庙后山出土的青铜时代颅骨的主要特征,并与其他地区青铜时代的和现代的颅骨特征进行比较,讨论了我国东北地区青铜时代居民与其邻近地区居民体质特征之间的关系。 相似文献
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湖北长阳青铜时代人骨的研究 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
作者观察和测量了长阳深潭湾遗址出土的青铜时代人骨的各部特征,并与其他地区不同时代或同一时代的人骨特征进行比较。文章认为长阳青铜时代居民的颅骨性状与长江南部地区新石器时代的或近代的颅骨较相似,可以代表长江中游地区青铜时代居民的体征类型。他们的最近祖先可能是大溪文化的主人。 相似文献
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Zhang Zhenbiao;Wang Shancai 《人类学学报》1992,11(03):230
The human skeletons were unearthed from the Bronze-Age Tombs in Shen-Tan-Wan of Changyang County in 1989- -- -1990. The burial ground site at Shen-Tan-Wan is located approxi-mately 7 km west of the county town. The site has been radiocarbon dated from about 2200-3000 years.<br>The craniometric specimen consists of only 6 male skulls and 9 male post erocranial bones(adults). The samples of 16 crania and 10 mandibulars (male and female) are used in the non-metric analysis. This paper described the non-metric and metric characteristics of the crania insome details and discussed the problems concerned with the racial relationship between the Changyang group and other gorups of contemporary or various periods in the cranial features.<br>From the comparisons of the cranial characteristics including in non-metric and metric mea-surements, we believe that the cranial characteristic of Changyang group may form one regional pattern--the southern type, which basically represent the physical pattern of the population li-ved in the middle basin of Chang Jiang Rever in Bronze- Age. With regard lo the origin of +heinhabitants of Changyang group, we inferred that their ancestor must rise from the neolithic in-habitants lived in South China. 相似文献
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本文对郑州地区荥阳薛村遗址和新郑多处遗址汉唐宋墓葬成年人骨标本(汉代55例,唐代22例,宋代39例)的肢骨进行了观察和测量,依据陈世贤和张继宗的黄种人身高推算公式,分别以肱骨、股骨和胫骨的最大长推算出三个时期两性的平均身高;汉、唐、宋男性的平均身高分别为169.52cm、167.03cm和164.49cm,女性的平均身高分别为159.11cm,158.39cm和156.17cm。对两性平均身高进行的独立样本T检验显示,汉、唐、宋两性平均身高均为男性大于女性,两性身高存在显著性差异;两性身高随着时代的发展大致呈下降的趋势,但身高的时代差异均不存在显著性意义。郑州汉唐宋两性身高呈现出的下降趋势,应该与这个历史时期中原地区汉民族与我国其他地区异族交流、融合有关,也可能是因为居民生存压力的增加和饮食的影响,也不排除人类身高微观演化的可能。较低的身高性二形性水平也许意味着郑州地区汉唐宋时期的两性不平等现象小于同时代的其他地区。本文的研究结论为了解郑州地区汉唐宋居民两性的健康发育等体质状况提供了有意义的参考。 相似文献
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In this paper,limb bones of adult skeletons (55 Han,22 Tang and 39 Song) were observed and measured. These skeletons came from Han,Tang and Song dynasty tombs from the Xuecun site of Xingyang and other Xinzheng sites in Zhengzhou City. Statures have been calculated from the maximum lengths of the humeri,femora and tibiae according to formulae estimated by Chen Shixian and Zhang Jizong. The average statures of males in Han,Tang and Song dynasties are 169.52cm (159.11cm female),167.03cm (158.39cm female) and 164.49cm (156.17cm female). T-tests were employed for comparisons of average statures between the sexes and dynasties. Differences between sexes were statistically significant in the same dynasty,but none of the differences between dynasties were statistically significant in the same sex. The decline of statures in the three dynasties could be associated with the integration of ethnic Han in the Central Plains and other populations in China. The decline might be caused by the increase in stress of survival and the influence of nutritional status. The lower degree of sexual dimorphism for the Zhengzhou skeletal series might indicate that differences of the quality and quantity of food received by men and women from Zhengzhou were less than the differences between both sexes from other areas during the Han,Tang and Song dynasties. This research shows that there are possible inequalities between the sexes,which was less than other areas. 相似文献
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Wei Boyuan 《人类学学报》1988,7(03):249
The oral conditions of six human skulls in a tomb of the Western Han Dynasty found at Lopowan, Gui County, Guangxi in 1976, were observed.<br>The oral condition of F1, one of the six skulls, is most complex. She was with a opposing occlusion, the heavier caries, more co1nplex periodontitis and heavier dental wear.<br>The heavier dental wear of those younger specimens indicates that their foods were harder and rougher. The shovel-shaped upper incisors and the pattern of five cusps on lower second molar indicate that they belong to Mongoloid.<br>Besides we also found they had lower rate of the caries and periodontitis, higher rate of eruption of the third molar, of opposing occlusion, which probably are the main difference in mouth character between the people of the Western Han Dynasty and modern people. 相似文献