发酵茯苓菌丝体和天然茯苓多糖的研究

本文对发酵茯苓菌丝体和天然茯苓中多糖的提取分离进行了研究,并分别测定了二者总多糖的提取率及总糖的平均含量。发酵茯苓菌丝体和天然茯苓中总多糖的提取率分别为24.47%和82.93%;发酵茯苓菌丝体和天然茯苓总糖的平均含量分别为45.17%和87.24%。     

二次碱化法制备羧甲基茯苓多糖

本研究采用二次碱化新工艺制备了水溶性羧甲基茯苓多糖,并对新旧工艺进行了比较。结果表明,使用改进的新工艺完全可以制备出质量符合要求的产品。     

硫酸化茯苓多糖急性毒性实验研究

按10、8、6.4、5.12、4.1g/kg体重剂量的硫酸化茯苓多糖(SP)分别灌胃给药,通过观察小鼠的活动和急性毒性反应,记录小鼠的死亡数,用综合计算法计算半数致死量(LD50)等相关数据.结果表明硫酸化茯苓多糖灌胃给药的LD50为7.358/kg,LD50的95%平均可信限为(7.358±0.894)g/kg,属低毒性物质.该研究为开发应用硫酸化茯苓多糖新药提供科学的药理学依据.     

植物多糖抗肿瘤作用与机理研究：Ⅲ,茯苓多糖（PPS）和刺五加多糖（A…

我们先前的研究表明,植物多糖抑制体外培养的小鼠肉瘤Ｓ１８０细胞增殖并使细胞膜磷脂含量减少,同时抑制膜磷脂酰肌醇转换。为进一步探讨植物多糖与膜磷脂的关系,本文采用毛细管柱气相色谱法分析了茯苓多糖（ＰＰＳ）、刺五加多糖（ＡＳＰＳ）与Ｓ１８０细胞一同温育２４ｈ后,细胞膜磷脂和中性脂的脂肪酸组成变化,发现中性脂的脂肪酸组成和不饱和性不受影响,磷脂的脂肪酸组成发生明显改变,花生四烯酸（Ｃ２０：４）和豆蔻酸（     

一步法制备羧甲基茯苓多糖的工艺研究

本实验对在有机溶剂中一步法半合成羧甲基茯苓多糖的合成条件进行了研究。结果表明,乙醇是作为羧甲基化反应的合适介质。反应温度提高能加快反应速度;反应时间延长能提高取代度。茯苓多糖葡萄糖当量与氢氧化钠和一氯乙酸的摩尔比调配适当,能减少副产物羟乙酸钠的产生。     

茯苓中多糖的提取及含量测定

采用水煎煮、稀碱浸提茯苓中的多糖,通过正交试验优选工艺条件。结果表明,稀碱浸提茯苓中的多糖的工艺较为合理,其操作简单,提取时间短,收率较高．为测定提取液中的多糖含量,以苯酚—硫酸法,制得有色糖醛衍生物,用分光光度法,在490nm波长处测定吸光度,回归方程线性关系好。方法简单易行、稳定、快速。     

羧甲基茯苓多糖抗疲劳作用研究

研究羧甲基茯苓多糖(CMP)对小鼠抗疲劳作用。将雄性小鼠随机分为5组,分别为空白对照组、阳性对照组、CMP低剂量组(35 mg/(kg bw·d))、CMP中剂量组(70 mg/(kg bw·d))、CMP高剂量组(140 mg/(kg bw·d)),灌胃给药30 d后,测定小鼠负重的游泳时间、血清尿素氮和血乳酸等指标。结果表明,与空白对照组相比,CMP可以延长小鼠负重游泳时间(P0.05);CMP中、高剂量组可以显著降低血清尿素氮、血乳酸含量并提高肝脏SOD活性(P0.05)。CMP对小鼠具有很好的抗疲劳作用,其机制可能与降低血清尿氮素、血乳酸含量以及提高肝脏SOD活性有关。     

茯苓多糖对流感灭活疫苗的免疫增强作用

探讨茯芩多糖作为流感病毒灭活疫苗佐剂的免疫增强作用.将不同剂量(200 μg或1000 μg)的茯苓多糖分别与低剂量(0.015 μg)或高剂量(1.5 μg)流感病毒(A/PR/8)灭活疫苗共同免疫小鼠,以相应剂量灭活疫苗的单独免疫组、灭活疫苗与氢氧化铝(100 μg)共同免疫组、PBS免疫组作为对照组.一次免疫后3周收集血清,ELISA检测血清中IgG、IgG1和IgG2a的抗体水平;并用致死量(40×LD<,50>)流感病毒(A/PR/8)攻击小鼠,通过观察小鼠的体重丢失率、肺部病毒量、存活率来反映佐剂的免疫增强效果和疫苗的保护作用.结果显示,茯苓多糖能显著增加血清抗体水平,并提高小鼠抗致死量流感病毒攻击的能力,其免疫增强效果与氢氧化铝相当.茯苓多糖可作为一种新型的流感病毒灭活疫苗的免疫佐剂.     

茯苓健脾作用活性部位的研究

通过建立饮食失节、过食肥甘所致的小鼠脾虚模型,以体重、饮食量、外部表现特征及脾指数为指标,从茯苓总三萜类、茯苓总多糖及茯苓水煎剂中确定具有健脾作用的有效活性部位。结果表明:茯苓总三萜类对脾虚小鼠有明显的恢复作用,茯苓水煎剂也有一定作用,而茯苓总多糖作用不明显。说明茯苓总三萜类是茯苓治疗过食肥甘所致小鼠脾虚证的活性部位。     

Antihepatotoxic benefits of Poria cocos polysaccharides on acetaminophen-lesioned livers in vivo and in vitro

In our previous study, preliminary data indicates that Poria cocos polysaccharides (PCP) shows beneficial hepatoprotection against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury in mice. However, biological molecular mechanism warrants to be further discussed. In current study, a number of biochemical tests and immunoassays were subjected to respective PCP-dosed mice in vivo and liver cells in vitro. As a result, PCP-treated mice showed reduced contents of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-β and TNFsR-I), enzymological molecules (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase [LDL]), and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) after APAP exposure. Additionally, immunostaining assays exhibited that lowered-positive cells of cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-poly ADP ribose polymerase, and Hsp90-labeled cells in PCP-treated livers were observed, and increased cluster of differentiation 29 (CD29), CD73-positive cells in the spleen were detected. Further, PCP-treated mouse liver cells resulted in increased cell growth, reduced LDL level. Increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-labeled cells and decreased Hsp90-positive cells in APAP-exposed liver cells were observed dose-dependently after PCP cotreatments. Collectively, our present experimental findings elucidate that PCP beneficially play hepatoprotective effects against APAP-lesioned liver cells in vivo and in vitro, potentially through the molecular mechanisms of suppressing cell death, reducing hepatocellular inflammatory stress and Hsp90 bioactivity.     

Tetranorlanostane and Lanostane Triterpenoids with Cytotoxic Activity from the Epidermis of Poria cocos

Two unprecedented tetranorlanostane triterpenoids, poricolides A ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ), and two new lanostane triterpenoids, 3β-acetoxy-24-methyllanosta-8,16,24(31)-trien-21-oic acid ( 3 ) and 3β-acetoxylanosta-7,9(11),16,23-tetraen-21-oic acid ( 4 ), were isolated from the epidermis of Poria cocos. The structures of 1–4 were determined via analysis of ¹H-, ¹³C-, and 2D-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS data, and the absolute configurations of 1 and 3 were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 were the first report of tetranorlanostane triterpenoid having a δ-lactone ring at C(17). Compounds 3 and 4 were rare lanostane triterpenoids having a double bond between C(16) and C(17). Compounds 1–4 exhibited potent antiproliferative effects against A549, SMMC-7721, MCF-7, and SW480 cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ values from 16.19±0.38 to 27.74±1.12 μM.     

茯苓菌液体培养条件的优化及其多糖的提取

研究了茯苓菌株F2.10的液体培养条件,并对其中的多糖进行了提取和分析.结果表明,最佳培养条件为初始pH 5.5、摇床转速150r/min、培养温度26℃、装液量80 mL/250mL三角瓶、培养时间5 d;最适碳、氮源分别为4 %蔗糖和3 %豆饼粉.在此条件下100 mL培养液可获得2.21 g干重生物量.用水煮和稀碱浸提法可从30 g干菌丝体中分别获得1.38 g水溶性多糖和19.75 g碱溶性多糖.IR分析结果表明这两种多糖的主要成分为β-D-葡聚糖.     

Molecular basis for Poria cocos mushroom polysaccharide used as an antitumour drug in China

Poria cocos is an edible medicinal fungus known as “Fuling” in Chinese and has been used as a Chinese traditional medicine for more than two thousand years. Pharmacological studies reveal that polysaccharide is the most abundant substance in Poria cocos and has a wide range of biological activities including antitumour, immunomodulation, anti‐inflammation, antioxidation, anti‐ageing, antihepatitis, antidiabetics and anti‐haemorrhagic fever effects. As a result, “Poria cocos polysaccharide oral solution” was developed and sold as an over‐the‐counter health supplement since 1970s. In 2015, “Polysaccharidum of Poria cocos oral solution” was approved as a drug by Chinese Food and Drug Administration for treating multiple types of cancers, hepatitis and other diseases alone or during chemo‐ or radiation therapy for patients with cancer. In this article, biochemical, preclinical and clinical studies of Poria cocos polysaccharide from 72 independent studies during the past 46 years (1970‐2016) based on PubMed, VIP (Chongqing VIP Chinese Scientific Journals Database), CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and Wanfang database searches are summarized. The structure, pharmacological effects, clinical efficacy, immunobalancing molecular mechanism and toxicity of Poria cocos polysaccharide are deliberated to provide a general picture of Poria cocos polysaccharide as a clinically used antitumour drug.     

茯苓中三萜类和多糖类成分的研究进展

主要对中药茯苓中的三萜类和多糖类成分进行了综述。到目前为止已从茯苓的菌核和菌丝中分离到三萜类物质39个,其中羊毛甾-8-烯型三萜12个,羊毛甾-7,9(11)-二烯型三萜16个,3,4-开环-羊毛甾-7,9(11)-二烯型三萜7个,3,4-开环-羊毛甾-8-烯型三萜2个,三环二萜类1个,齐墩果烷型三萜1个;分离到多糖类物质23个。     

Solution properties of (1-->3)-alpha-D-glucan and its sulfated derivative from Poria cocos mycelia via fermentation tank

From Poria cocos mycelia yielded via a pilot scale facility-fermentation tank, a water-insoluble (1-->3)-alpha-D-glucan coded as Pi-PCM3-I was isolated by extraction with 0.5 M NaOH/0.01 M NaBH(4) aqueous solution. Nine fractions from F1 to F9 with a weight-average molecular mass (M(w)) range from 7.75 x 10(4) to 57.3 x 10(4) were prepared from the Pi-PCM3-I sample by a nonsolvent addition method. The fractions were reacted with chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine complex to product water-soluble sulfated derivatives coded as S1 to S8 with M(w) from 2.36 x 10(4) to 14.5 x 10(4) and degree of substitution (DS) of 0.86-1.38. M(w), z-average radius of gyration (s(2) (z) (1/2)), the second virial coefficient (A(2)), and the intrinsic viscosity ([eta]) of the native and sulfated Pi-PCM3-I were measured by laser light scattering (LLS), size-exclusion chromatography combined with LLS (SEC-LLS), and viscometry at 25 degrees C. The Mark-Houwink equations for Pi-PCM3-I in 0.25 M LiCl/dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (Me(2)SO) and for its sulfated derivative in 0.15 M NaCl aqueous solution at 25 degrees C were established to be [eta] = 1.33 x 10(-2) M(w) (0.75+/-0.01) (mL g(-1)) and [eta] = 1.46 x 10(-4) M(w) (1.13+/-0.01) (mL g(-1)), respectively. On the basis of theories for a wormlike cylinder model, the conformational parameters of the native and sulfated Pi-PCM3-I were calculated to be 760 +/- 50 and 1060 +/- 30 nm(-1) for the molar mass per unit contour length (M(L)), 6.3 +/- 0.5 and 13.1 +/- 1 nm for the persistence length (q), and 14.9 +/- 0.2 and 31.8 +/- 1 for the characteristic ratio (C( proportional, variant)), respectively. The results revealed that Pi-PCM3-I existed as an extended flexible chain in 0.25 M LiCl/Me(2)SO, and its sulfated derivative existed as a semistiff chain in 0.15 M NaCl aqueous solution. Furthermore, Pi-PCM3-I possessed similar structure and molecular parameters to wc-PCM3-I from a rotary shaker; this suggests promising industrialization of Poria cocos polysaccharides.     

天然茯苓和液体发酵茯苓粉末的研究

液体发酵茯苓为一种新型的发酵中药。本文在粉末显微特征、多糖、灰分和氨基酸含量等方面,对液体发酵茯苓粉末和天然茯苓粉末展开了研究。研究结果表明二者在显微特征和化学成分等方面均存在较大的差异,探讨了上述差异产生的原因。     

Triterpenes from the fungus Poria cocos and their inhibitory activity on nitric oxide production in mouse macrophages via blockade of activating protein-1 pathway

Two new triterpenes, 29-hydroxydehydrotumulosic acid (1) and 29-hydroxydehydropachymic acid (2), together with six known compounds, dehydropachymic acid (3), dehydrotumulosic acid (4), 29-hydroxypolyporenic acid C (5), polyporenic acid C (6), tumulosic acid (7), and pachymic acid (8), were isolated from the dried sclerotia of Poria cocos. In the in vitro bioassays, these isolated compounds reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, nitric oxide (NO) production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells, with compounds 5 and 6, the IC(50) values of which were 16.8±2.7 and 18.2±3.3 μM, respectively, exhibiting the greatest inhibition activity. Further Western blot analysis conducted on cells pre-treated with compounds 5 and 6, and luciferase assays on activator protein 1-dependent gene expression revealed that the inhibited NO release was attributed to the reduced expression of iNOs (=inducible NO synthase) enzymes, which might be regulated via the blockade of activator protein-1 signaling pathway.