土壤硒及其与植物硒营养的关系

综述了土壤中Se的形态分布、有效性及其与植物关系研究方面的进展。论述了不同形态的Se在土壤中分布情况、对植物的有效性与土壤pH值、化学及矿物学组成、吸附表面、氧化还原状态等物理化学性质的关系;Se在植物中的富集、转化及其对植物的抗氧化、促进生长、提高产量和质量等各种生物学效应;并在此基础上对Se的应用前景做了展望。     

响应面分析法优化富硒灰树花水溶性含硒蛋白的提取工艺

为了研究富硒灰树花水溶性含硒蛋白的最优提取工艺,在单因素实验的基础上,以提取得率为响应值,提取温度、时间和料液比为响应因子,采用3因素3水平的响应面法分析,建立数学模型并获得最佳工艺条件。结果显示,富硒灰树花水溶性含硒蛋白的最佳提取工艺条件为:提取温度42.3℃,提取时间7.8 h,料液比1∶23.9(g/m L);该工艺条件下,含硒蛋白得率和含量分别为4.36%和44.01%。结果表明所得回归方程拟合情况良好,可用于预测富硒灰树花水溶性含硒蛋白的提取得率。     

用ESR技术研究含硒蛋白抗羟基自由基作用的活性

用ＥＳＲ技术研究含硒蛋白抗羟基自由基作用的活性。与ＳＯＤ、茶多酚相比较,含硒蛋白对羟基自由基的清除也有显著作用。找到了一种有实用价值,天然无毒,抗羟基自由基的新资源。     

富硒大蒜含硒蛋白的分离、鉴定和生物活性研究

本文报道了富硒大蒜含硒蛋白的分离、鉴定和生物活性研究。富硒大蒜水溶性蛋白多为酸性蛋白。通过Sephadex G—200柱层析和聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳分离出两种分子量约为30,000和33,000的酸性含硒蛋白。大蒜含硒蛋白和亚硒酸钠一样,具有提高含硒谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(SeGSHpx)活性,促进软骨细胞生长的生理效应。实验结果提示,富硒大蒜有可能成为良好的补硒来源。     

硒蛋白

硒(Se)已被确认为是一种生物微量元素,它能共价结合到生物大分子、尤其是蛋白质中。硒蛋白是某些细菌、鸟类、哺乳动物(可能也包含植物)的酶系统的基本成份。一、细菌硒蛋白最早被鉴定的细菌硒蛋白是依赖硒的甲酸脱氢酶,该酶催化无氧条件下HCOOH?H_2+CO_2。Pinsent(954)指出,E·Coli甲酸脱氢酶的表达需要硒。Lester和Demoss(1971)则     

环境与植物中硒形态研究进展

本文综述了近年来在环境及植物中的硒形态研究方面的进展。在土壤和水中各种不同形态硒的分布情况与ｐＨ值及其它特性之间的关系;植物中各种有机硒化合物的含量,可能的结构和硫素之间的关系,植物对硒的吸收转化过程等等     

环境与植物中硒形态研究进展

本文综述了近年来在环境及植物中的硒形态研究方面的进展。在土壤和水中各种不同形态硒的分布情况与pH值及其它特性之间的关系;植物中各种有机硒化合物的含量,可能的结构和硫素之间的关系,植物对硒的吸收转化过程等等。     

含硒抗体酶性质的研究

在成功地制备了具有谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＰＸ）活性含硒抗体酶（Ｓｅ－ａｂｚｙｍｅ）的基础上,我们筛选了制备Ｓｅ－ａｂｚｙｍｅ的最佳条件,并对其理化性质及酶学性质和稳定性进行了深入的研究。结果表明,Ｓｅ－ａｂｚｙｍｅ的等电点为６．９５和７．０８,一为１５８ｋｄ;适ＰＨ和最适温度范围比天然酶宽广;抗体酶的贮藏稳定性比天然酶高。高Ｘ射线光电子能谱技术测得在Ｓｅ－ａｂｚｙｍｅ中含硒量为５ｍｏｌＳｅ／ｍｏｌ     

硒蛋白P的研究进展

硒蛋白P（SeP)是从大鼠和人血浆中分离,纯化得到的一种糖蛋白,每个硒蛋白P多肽含有10个硒代半胱氨酸,硒蛋白P中的硒含量占大鼠和人血浆中硒含量的50%以上,在其mRNA开放阅读框架中克隆的cDNA的序列含有10个UGA密码子。硒代半胱氨酸在一个UGA密码子处嵌入蛋白的一级结构,尽管对硒蛋白P功能还没有彻底了解,它的一种非常可能的作用是作为一种胞外抗氧化剂,大鼠血浆中的硒蛋白P在体内实验中对Diquat诱导的脂质过氧化和肝损坏具有保护作用,人血浆中的硒蛋白P在体外实验中显示减少内作为一存活促进因子。     

湖北省豆类植物种子硒含量的测定及赋存状态的研究

硒是人类必需的微量元素之一。我们对湖北省豆类植物种子的硒含量进行测定并对硒的赋存状态进行了研究。结果显示:大豆具有较强的富硒能力;大豆硒的赋存形态是含硒蛋白质,主要存在于白蛋白和球蛋白中;高硒地区的大豆含硒量比一般地区高近100倍。     

富硒酵母中硒赋态的研究

硒是人体必需的一种微量元素,参与合成硒代半胱氨酸、硒代甲硫氨酸以及多种硒代蛋白(酶),具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、增强人体免疫等多种生物学活性,与人体的健康有着密切关系.硒以不同的形式存在于自然界中,大致可分为无机硒和有机硒两种,其生物活性与毒性也各有不同.富硒酵母作为补充硒元素的主要形式之一,具有生物利用度高、食用安全、毒性低等优点.研究富硒酵母中的硒的赋态,对合理摄取硒元素,促进人体健康具有重要意义,因此成为近年来研究的热点.     

外源Se对农作物籽实中Se的化学形态及其品质的影响

本文以喷Se、施Se作为外源Se,将作物籽实中的Se分为水溶态、K_2SO_4可提态、NaOH可提态、残余态4种形态。结论认为NaOH可提态Se、水溶态Se为作物籽实中Se的主要存在形态,其中Se(Ⅵ)在各形态Se中占有一定比例,并随外源Se的增加而变化。同时,外源Se可改变作物体内各组分Se的比例,并使大部分氨基酸的含量有所增加,进而对其遗传特性可能带来影响。     

Effect of selenium and protein deficiency on selenium and glutathione peroxidase in rats

Twenty-four weanling male Wistar rats were divided into four groups fed diets containing adequate or deficient levels of selenium (0.5 ppm [+ Se] or <0.02 ppm [−Se] and protein (15% [+Pro] or 5% [−Pro]), but adequate levels of all other nutrients for 4 wk to determine the effects of Se deficiency and protein deficiency on tissue Se and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity in rats. Plasma, heart, liver, and kidney Se and GSHPx were significantly lower in Se-deficient groups in relation to Se-sufficient groups. In Se-deficient groups, Se and GSHPx were significantly higher in −Se−Pro rats in heart, liver, and kidney. Data analysis showed that there were significant interaction effects between dietary Se and protein on Se and GSHPx of rats. It is assumed that under the condition of Se deficiency. a low level of protein may decrease Se and GSHPx utilization, increase GSHPx synthesis, and result in Se redistribution. This could account for high levels of Se and GSHPx in the −Se−Pro rats compared to −Se+Pro rats.     

Newly found selenium-containing proteins in the tissues of the rat

The Se-containing proteins in 27 tissues of the rat were investigated by in vivo labeling with⁷⁵Se-selenite, separation of the tissue homogenate proteins by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and determination of the labeled proteins by autoradiography. By using Se-depleted rats and a⁷⁵Se-tracer with a high specific activity, Se compounds present at only very low concentrations could be detected. Besides the 13 Se-containing proteins previously described, for which apparent molecular masses of 12, 15, 18, 20, 22, 25, 28, 34, 56, 60, 65, 70, and 75 kD have been found here, a further 15⁷⁵Se-labeled bands, with apparent molecular masses of 8, 10, 15.5, 16.5, 24, 32, 34.5, 38, 40, 41, 44, 45, 46.5, 53 and 116 kD could be distinguished. Two-dimensional separation of the kidney homogenate proteins showed that some of the Se-containing bands could be resolved into several labeled spots. Most of the newly found compounds were present in various tissues, but with some the enrichment in certain tissues suggested specific sites of action.     

拟南芥VSP1硒代蛋白衍生物的制备和晶体生长

拟南芥VSPl蛋白是一种具有酸性磷酸酶活性的植物防御蛋白。为利用硒原子的反常散射获取VSPl蛋白晶体X射线衍射的相位信息,以质粒pET-22b为表达载体,大肠杆菌B834（DE3）为宿主茵,在含有硒代甲硫氨酸的M9培养基中诱导表达VSPl硒代蛋白衍生物。通过Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化的目的蛋白经SDS-PAGE检验,纯度在95％以上。通过优化VSPl母体蛋白晶体的生长条件,获得了可衍射的硒代蛋白晶体。     

植物蛋白激酶研究进展

近年来,在分子生物学技术不断完善和在酵母与动物蛋白激酶研究的基础上,植物蛋白激酶的研究已取得了很大的进展。就近十年来国内外学者对植物蛋白激酶的发现,家族分类,磷酸化过程及其生理功能等方面的研究进行综述。最后分析了存在的问题并对今后的研究提出了展望。     

施用硒肥对圆叶决明生长、酶活性及其叶肉细胞超显微结构的影响

通过盆栽试验 ,研究在红壤中施用不同浓度的硒肥对豆科牧草圆叶决明植株生长、叶片硝酸还原酶活性、根瘤固氮酶活性及其叶肉细胞超显微结构的影响。试验结果表明 ,施 0 .5～ 2 mg Se/ kg土不同用量的硒肥处理的圆叶决明植株株高、分枝数和植株干重 ,比不施硒肥的对照处理分别提高 11.71%～ 18.97%、0 .5 5 %～ 2 2 .6 1%和 5 2 .9%～ 14 4 .9% ;植株的硒含量随施硒浓度的提高而明显增加 ,不施硒 (CK)处理的植株含硒量仅为 0 .0 2 5 mg/ kg,当施硒肥量为 2 mg Se/ kg土 (S2 )时 ,植株的硒含量达到0 .2 2 2 mg/ kg,比对照增加了 7.88倍 ;施硒量为 1mg Se/ kg土 (S1)处理圆叶决明的叶片硝酸还原酶活性最大 ,比对照提高2 81.5 % ,比施 2 m g Se/ kg土的增加了 2 0 6 .1% ;根瘤固氮酶活性以施用 2 mg Se/ kg土的处理为最大 ,比对照增加了 4 9.4 1%。植株叶肉细胞超显微结构变化的观察结果表明 :施不同用量硒肥处理均能比对照处理增加植株叶绿体的数量 ,其中以1.5 mg Se/ kg土的施用量处理效果最好 ,而 1.5 m g Se/ kg土和 2 mg Se/ kg土处理对提高叶绿体的基粒数量和片层密度效果较佳 ,但对稳定叶绿体的双层膜结构效果则不明显 ;而施用 1.5 m g Se/ kg土和 1mg Se/ kg土处理则显示了减少线粒体的数量 ,降低线     

Selenium and sulfur accumulation and soil selenium dissipation in planting of four herbaceous plant species in soil contaminated with drainage sediment rich in both selenium and sulfur

Four selenium (Se) nonaccumulator plant species, including a forage grass species, Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), a forage legume species, Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), a wetland species, Rush (Juncus tenuis Wild.), and a dry-land alkaline soil species, Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata L.), were grown in soil contaminated by agricultural drainage sediment having elevated levels of Se and sulfur (S). The above-ground plant tissues were consecutively harvested five times and examined for Se and S accumulation. Plant tissue Se concentrations ranged from 23.0 mg kg-1 to 8.3 mg kg-1. Tissue S concentrations ranged from 3239 mg kg-1 to 7034 mg kg-1. Both tissue Se and S concentrations were significantly different between harvests, species, and species/harvest interactions. Total Se accumulation by the plant biomass harvested ranged from 0.3 to 1.3 mg per soil column and total S accumulations ranged from 87.5 to 321.1 mg per soil column. The reduction in the percentage of total soil Se after 24 weeks growth of the plant species ranged from 12.0% in the Tall Fescue planting to 17.3% in the Rush planting. Over 90% of the soil Se losses were unidentified losses and leaching of Se was prevented. The accumulations of Se and S in the plant biomass were very small compared with the total soil Se and S losses, but substantial amounts of total soil Se (12.0 to 15.0%) and S (28.0 to 50.9%) inventories were dissipated by the growing and harvesting of the plants. The soil S concentration was several hundred times higher than the soil Se concentration, but Se accumulation by the plants and Se dissipation from the soil were not impaired by the high level of soil sulfur. For natural grassland habitat restoration, such as at the Kesterson Wildlife Refuge in the Central Valley of California, or for restoration of large-scale Se contaminated agricultural lands, Se nonaccumulator plant species are favorable candidates, because the possibility of introducing Se toxicity into the food chain can be minimized.     

Evidence that selenium in rat sperm is associated with a cysteine-rich structural protein of the mitochondrial capsules

The keratinous capsules surrounding rat sperm mitochondria were isolated 24 days after intratesticular injections of [⁷⁵Se] selenite or [³⁵S] cysteine. Dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified, doubly labeled mitochondrial capsules revealed only a single ⁷⁵Se-labeled component, whose molecular weight was 17,000, in agreement with previously reported observations obtained with cruder sperm fractions. Most of the ³⁵S label and the major zone of stained protein on the gels coincided with the position of ⁷⁵Se, suggesting that selenium is associated with a cysteine-rich structural protein. The level of selenium in rat sperm, 195 ± 3.2 ng/10⁸ sperm (approximately 30 ppm), determined by hydride generation and atomic absorption spectrophotometry, is consistent with a structural function for this trace element in the sperm.