假单胞杆菌BS1转座突变及高产生物表面活性剂突变株初步筛选

利用含转座子Tn917的温敏性质粒pTV1-OK转化假单胞杆菌BS1原生质体,成功获得3个稳定的转化子;通过Tn917诱导转座突变,产生大量突变体,构建了转座突变体库,采用特异引物对随机挑取的5株突变体进行PCR扩增,获得与预期大小一致片段,表明突变体基因组中有Tn917插入;通过对随机挑取24株突变体乳化(E24)性能测定,发现有一株突变体E24值达到67%,明显高于野生菌株。结果表明转座突变是假单胞杆菌BS1获得高产生物表面活性剂菌株的一种有效手段。     

利用转座子Tn917构建单核细胞增生李斯特菌菌膜形成突变株

单核细胞增生李斯特菌菌膜形成相关基因和调控因子的分离和鉴定是阐明其菌膜形成分子机理的基础。利用原生质体转化这一方式,将带有转座子Tn917的质粒pTV1OK成功地转进了单核细胞增生李斯特菌。通过诱导Tn917转座,得到单核细胞增生李斯特菌Tn917插入突变库,转座率为10-7。经96孔细胞培养板筛选发现,菌株LM49形成菌膜能力明显大于野生型。该菌株在细胞培养板中培养４d后形成的紫色圆环的颜色明显深于野生型。用Tn917特异引物进行PCR扩增,结果显示只有以该突变株的DNA为模板才能得到相应大小的扩增产物,证实该菌株基因组中有Tn917插入。Tn917的插入使菌株LM49的菌膜形成能力增强。     

食甲基杆菌J1-1吡咯喹啉醌生物合成突变株的筛选和鉴定

目的:通过Tn5转座诱变筛选食甲基杆菌J1-1吡咯喹啉醌(PQQ)生物合成相关基因。方法:构建食甲基杆菌J1-1 Tn5转座突变体库,筛选PQQ合成水平差异明显的突变株,利用质粒拯救法鉴定突变基因,通过基因敲除、回补及过表达进一步研究该基因与PQQ合成的关系。结果:构建了J1-1的Tn5转座突变体库,筛选得到一株PQQ合成水平显著下降的突变株,经鉴定Tn5插入位点为mpq0056基因,该突变株在以甲醇为惟一碳源的培养基中生长速度略慢;敲除J1-1中mpq0056基因后,PQQ的合成水平下降,与Tn5诱变结果一致;回补该基因后,PQQ产量恢复到野生菌水平。结论:mpq0056基因参与了PQQ的生物合成,该基因可能编码分支酸盐裂合酶,并在PQQ生物合成中起重要作用。     

通过转座诱变筛选甲基营养菌吡咯喹啉醌合成缺陷突变株

目的:对电转化等Tn5转座诱变条件进行优化,获得大量甲基营养菌MP688突变株,筛选吡咯喹啉醌(PQQ)合成缺陷突变株,并对失活基因进行鉴定。方法:通过电击方法对MP688株进行Tn5转座诱变;通过检测PQQ产量,选择不产或几乎不产PQQ的突变株,用质粒拯救的方法鉴定突变基因。结果和结论:确定了MP688株电击转化的最优条件,优化了质粒拯救法鉴定突变基因的实验方案,得到了1株PQQ合成明显降低的突变株RM16,并确定了转座子在染色体上的插入位点。     

转座子Tn917插入位点侧翼序列的扩增

为了克隆到生防菌株的抗病基因,以一株对灰葡萄孢菌表现很高拮抗活性的蜡样芽孢杆菌B-02菌株为材料,利用转座子标签技术得到拮抗性消失的突变体,进而利用TAIL-PCR技术扩增出Tn917插入位点两侧的未知序列,利用生物信息学分析扩增序列,为进一步研究该基因片段与菌株拮抗性之间的关系奠定了基础。     

利用mini-Tn10转座系统研究芽孢杆菌生物被膜形成相关基因

生物被膜对于细菌抵御外界环境的侵害具有重要的意义, 其形成和发展过程受到很多基因的调控和影响。本文利用mini-Tn10转座系统对野生型解淀粉芽孢杆菌NK10.BAhjaWT进行突变库的构建并随机选择400个转化子进行验证, 突变效率达到90%以上。从突变库中筛选到4株生物被膜缺陷株。经过鉴定, 上述突变株citB、citG、gpsA和yvfB基因发生插入突变。其中citB、citG和gpsA均与能量代谢相关, yvfB功能未知。本实验证明mini-Tn10转座系统对于芽孢杆菌突变库的构建具有高效和稳定的     

荧光假单胞菌Tn5转座诱变及对青枯病生防特性

目的：利用Tn5转座诱变荧光假单胞菌PF20001,研究所获得的突变株对青枯病的生防效果。方法：利用三亲本杂交方式,将带有转座子Tn5的Tn5-102（含luxAB）的质粒pTR102成功地转入PF20001,利用平板相互拮抗法分析突变株对青枯病致病菌的拮抗作用。结果：通过诱导Tn5转座,得到荧光假单胞菌PF20001的Tn5插入突变库。经平板相互拮抗实验发现,菌株PF20001-lux-48拮抗圈明显大于野生型（半径达0.35cm）。用Tn5-lux特异引物进行PCR扩增,结果显示只有以该突变株的DNA为模板才能得到300bp的扩增产物,证实该菌株基因组中有Tn5插入。结论：Tn5的插入使菌株PF20001对青枯病生物防治能力增强。     

炭疽芽孢杆菌A16R株eag基因缺失突变株构建

【目的】构建炭疽芽孢杆菌A16R株eag基因缺失突变株, 为研究eag基因的功能奠定了基础。【方法】本研究以我国人用炭疽杆菌活疫苗A16R株中eag基因为目的缺失基因,根据炭疽芽孢杆菌Ames株基因组序列,利用软件设计了扩增上下游同源臂以及抗性基因引物,构建了重组质粒,将该重组质粒电击转入炭疽杆菌A16R感受态细胞中,利用同源重组原理筛选到炭疽杆菌A16R株eag基因缺失突变株。在分子水平及蛋白质组学方面对基因缺失突变株进行验证。【结果】成功构建了重组质粒,经同源重组后获得eag基因缺失突变株。PCR鉴定表明目的基因已经丢失;SDS PAGE表明野生株与突变株在93 KDa处有差异蛋白条带,经质谱鉴定分析该条带为目的基因所表达的EA1蛋白;双向电泳结果显示突变株与野生株比较明显缺失3个蛋白点,经质谱分析后确定这3个点都是EA1蛋白。【结论】成功获得炭疽芽孢杆菌A16R株eag基因缺失突变株,为深入研究eag基因的功能奠定了基础,同时也为炭疽芽孢杆菌重要基因功能的研究建立了一个良好的技术平台。     

Tn4560在圈卷产色链霉菌中的转座及其在尼可霉素生物合成相关基因克隆中的应用

采用常规转化方法用来自天蓝色链霉菌J1 5 0 1的质粒pUC1 1 6 9(pMT6 6 0∷Tn45 5 6∷vph)多次转化尼可霉素产生菌圈卷产色链霉菌野生型 71 0 0的原生质体 ,均未得到转化子。采用限制性热衰减法于 5 0℃ ,3 0min溶菌制备 71 0 0的原生质体 ,获得了转化子 ,但转化频率极低 ,只有 0 4个转化子 μgDNA。用来自 71 0 0的pUC1 1 6 9再转化不含pUC1 1 6 9的 71 0 0原生质体 ,转化频率提高 1 0 3 ～ 1 0 4 倍。于 3 9℃ ,MM Vio条件下培养携带有pUC1 1 6 9的 71 0 0孢子 ,Tn45 6 0发生转座 ,筛选到 40 6 8个转座菌落 ,并从中得到 8株尼可霉素阻断突变株 ;对这 8株突变株的总DNA进行Southern杂交分析表明 ,Tn45 6 0至少在 4个不同的位点插入到 71 0 0的染色体上。用实验室已获得的与尼可霉素生物合成有关的 3 0kbDNA片段为探针和经不同酶切的 8株突变株的总DNA进行Southern杂交 ,结果表明 ,除阻断突变株Nik5有杂交信号且杂交信号大小均同野生型…     

转座子Tn5对柠檬酸细菌的诱变

含自杀性质粒 PJB4JI：：Mu：：Tn5的大肠杆菌1830与四株柠檬酸细菌作接合杂交均能获得Kanr转移接合子。其中一株(c-3-1)的Kayr转移接合子中绝大部分对庆大霉素敏感。鉴别了3000个这样的转移接合子菌落获得了2l株营养缺陷型,其中赖氨酸1株,尿嘧啶1株,精氨酸2株,异亮氨酸2株,组氨酸2株,甲硫氨酸株,苯丙氨酸1株,酪氨酸1株,丝氨酸1株,苏氨酸1株,亮氨酸3株,脯氨酸1株,腺嘌呤3株和乳糖利用1株。用琼脂糖电泳检查部分营养缺陷型突变体DNA均未发现自杀性质粒PJB4JI：：Mu：：Tn5,以32p标记的Tn5 DNA为探针与每个营养缺陷型的染色体作杂交均看到了Tn5 DNA同源序列的存在。由此得出结论,这些营养缺陷型产生于转座子Tn5从自杀性质粒PJB4JI到c-3-1染色体的转座。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.