Age-Related Changes of the Concentrations of Select Elements in the Prostates of Japanese

To elucidate compositional changes of the prostate with aging, the authors investigated age-related changes of elements in the prostates and the relationships among their elements using Japanese and Thai. After ordinary dissections by students at Nara Medical University and Chiang Mai University were finished, the prostates were resected from the subjects. Fifty-seven Japanese subjects ranged in age from 65 to 101 years (average age = 82.5 ± 7.8 years), whereas 13 Thai subjects ranged in age from 43 to 86 years (average age = 67.9 ± 11.9 years). After ashing with nitric acid and perchloric acid, element contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry. It was found that although there were no significant correlations between age and seven element contents, such as Ca, P, S, Mg, Zn, Fe, and Na, in the prostates of Japanese, high contents of Ca (>5 mg/g) and P (>4 mg/g) were contained in one fourth of the prostates of Japanese over 70 years of age. In the prostates of Thai, a significant direct correlation was found between age and Ca content, but it was not found between age and the other element contents, such as P, S, Mg, Zn, Fe, and Na. Regarding the relationships among their elements, extremely significant direct correlations were found among the contents of Ca, P, Mg, Zn, and Na in the prostates of Japanese. In the prostates of Thai, significant direct correlations were found among the contents of Ca, Mg, and Zn, but no significant correlations were found between Ca and P contents and between P and Mg contents. Regarding the relationships among their elements, there were differences between the prostates of Japanese and Thai. To examine whether element contents changed in prostatic hypertrophy, the transverse width of the Japanese prostates was measured. No significant correlations were found between the transverse width and element contents, such as Ca, P, S, Mg, Zn, Fe, and Na, in the Japanese prostates. Therefore, it is unlikely that the increase of elements results in prostatic hypertrophy.     

Age-dependent Increases of Calcium, Phosphorus, and Sodium in the Uterine Arteries of Thai

To elucidate compositional changes of the uterine artery with aging, the authors investigated age-related changes of elements in the uterine arteries of Thai. After ordinary dissection by medical students at Chiang Mai University was finished, the uterine arteries were resected from Thai subjects. Thai subjects ranged in age from 27 to 86 years (average age = 63.3 +/- 17.7 years). The element content of the uterine arteries was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. It was found that the Ca, P, and Na contents increased progressively in the uterine arteries of Thai with aging. A significant accumulation of Ca and P in the uterine arteries of Thai was found in the sixties patients, and the accumulation increased markedly in the seventies. Regarding the uterine arteries in subjects more than 60 years, the extent of accumulation of Ca and P in the uterine arteries of Thai was one half of that in the uterine arteries of Japanese. Regarding the relationships among elements, extremely significant direct correlations were found among the contents of Ca, P, Mg, Zn, and Na in the uterine arteries of Thai. As Ca increased in the uterine arteries of Thai, P, Mg, Zn, and Na increased simultaneously in the arteries.     

Moderate Accumulation of Calcium and Phosphorus in the Splenic Artery with Aging and Low Accumulation of Those in the Pulmonary Artery with Aging

To elucidate compositional changes of the arteries with aging, the authors investigated age-related changes of elements in the splenic and pulmonary arteries, which supplied blood to contractile organs. After ordinary dissection by medical students at Nara Medical University was finished, the splenic and pulmonary arteries were resected from the subjects, ranging in age from 58 to 94 years. The element contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. It was found that a moderate accumulation of Ca and P occurred in the splenic artery with aging, but it hardly occurred in the pulmonary artery with aging. Regarding the relationship among elements, the finding that there were significant direct correlations among the contents of Ca, P, Mg, and Na was commonly obtained in both the splenic and pulmonary arteries. The accumulation of Ca and P in the splenic artery with aging occurred independently of that in the pulmonary artery. Histologic observation indicated that a major part of Ca deposits was seen in the middle tunica, but not in the internal tunica. Therefore, the calcification occurring in the splenic artery belonged to middle sclerosis.     

Age-related Changes of Elements in Human Corpus Callosum and Relationships Among These Elements

To elucidate compositional changes of the corpus callosum with aging, the authors investigated age-related changes of elements and relationships with their element contents in the corpus callosum. After ordinary dissection by medical students at Nara Medical University was finished, the genu, trunk, and splenium of the corpus callosum were resected from the subjects ranging in age from 58 to 94 years. The element contents of the corpus callosum were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The contents of Ca, P, S, Mg, Zn, Fe, and Na did not change significantly in the genu, trunk, and splenium of the corpus callosum with aging. Regarding the relationships among the element contents, significant correlations were found among the contents of Ca, P, S, Mg, and Fe in all of the genu, trunk, and splenium of the corpus callosum with some exceptions.     

High Accumulation of Calcium and Phosphorus in the Pineal Bodies with Aging

To elucidate compositional changes of the pineal body with aging, the authors investigated age-related changes of elements in the pineal body. After the ordinary dissection by medical students was finished, the pineal bodies and seven arteries were resected from the subjects ranging in age from 58 to 94 years. The element contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. It was found that a high accumulation of Ca and P occurred in the pineal bodies with aging. Regarding the relationships among the elements, it was found that there were significant direct correlations among the contents of Ca, P, and Mg. With regard to the relationships between the pineal body and the arteries, no significant correlations were found in the Ca content between the pineal body and the arteries, such as the thoracic and abdominal aortas and the coronary, common carotid, pulmonary, splenic, and common iliac arteries.     

端粒与衰老及心脑血管疾病的研究进展

端粒是真核细胞染色体末端的一种保护性结构,在维持染色体末端稳定性等方面起重要作用。端粒被认为是细胞衰老的生物钟。研究证明端粒的长度随着人体的衰老呈进行性缩短。近年来,分子流行病学研究表明端粒的长度与人的寿命呈负相关。越来越多的相关研究发现,端粒的长度与许多衰老相关的疾病密切相关。原发性高血压（esential hypertension,EH）、冠状动脉粥样硬化（coronary atherosclerosis,CA）、心力衰竭（heart failure,HF）和脑卒中（stroke）等心脑血管疾病的发生发展过程中都伴有端粒长度的改变。影响端粒长度的因素有很多,包括遗传因素和非遗传因素,其中有关端粒长度和非遗传因素的关系还不确定。另外,端粒是否可以作为衰老及其相关疾病的预测因子还没有定论。本文现就端粒在人类疾病中的相关研究进展作一简要综述。     

Age-Related Changes of Elements in the Tendons of the Peroneus Longus Muscles in Thai, Japanese, and Monkeys

To elucidate compositional changes of the tendon of the peroneus longus muscle with aging, the authors investigated age-related changes of elements in the insertion of tendons of the peroneus longus muscle (peroneus longus tendons) in Thai, Japanese, and monkeys and the relationships among element contents by direct chemical analysis. After ordinary dissections at Chiang Mai University and Nara Medical University were finished, the peroneus longus tendons were resected from the subjects. The peroneus longus tendons were also resected from rhesus and Japanese monkeys bred in Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University. The wraparound regions of the insertion tendons of the peroneus longus muscle in contact with the cuboid bone were used as the peroneus longus tendon. After ashing with nitric acid and perchloric acid, element contents were determined with an inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer. It was found that there were no significant correlations between age and the seven elements, such as Ca, P, S, Mg, Zn, Fe, and Na, in the peroneus longus tendons of Thai and Japanese. The Ca content higher than 10 mg/g was contained in seven cases out of 34 peroneus longus tendons of Thai (incidence?=?20.6%) and in one case out of 22 peroneus longus tendons of Japanese (incidence?=?4.5%), respectively. All of the peroneus longus tendons with the Ca content higher than 10 mg/g were found in Thai and Japanese men. In the peroneus longus tendons of monkeys, the Ca and P content increased suddenly at 2 years of age and reached to about 40 mg/g at 5 years of age. Thereafter, the Ca and P content did not increase in the peroneus longus tendons of monkeys at old age. Regarding the relationships among element contents, significant direct correlations were found among the contents of Ca, P, Mg, Zn, and Na in Thai and monkeys, whereas significant inverse correlations were found between S and element contents, such as Ca, P, Mg, Zn, and Na, in Thai and monkeys.     

急性冠脉综合征患者CD4~+T淋巴细胞亚群的变化及临床意义

目的:研究急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者CD4+T淋巴细胞亚群的变化及临床意义。方法:收集2013年3月-2014年3月入住我院首次行冠脉成形术(PCI)治疗的ACS患者88例以及造影结果正常患者28例。分别于冠脉造影时取冠脉血流式细胞技术检测CD4+T细胞亚群Th1/Th2、Th17/Treg比例表达变化。结果:与对照组相比,ACS组患者冠脉血中Th1、Th17细胞占CD4+T淋巴细胞的百分比显著升高,而Th1、Treg细胞占CD4+T淋巴细胞的百分比显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:ACS患者体内免疫反应增强,CD4+T淋巴细胞不同功能亚群均参与了动脉粥样硬化(AS)的发生发展,Th1、Th17可促进AS的进展和不稳定性,而Th1、Treg作用相反。     

冠脉不同程度狭窄猪血浆骨保护素变化的影响研究

目的:冠心病的发病率越来越高,成为临床上常见的心血管疾病。冠心病的发生、发展与冠状动脉病变程度直接相关。通过手术引起冠脉狭窄,探讨冠脉狭窄与骨保护素(OPG)的相关性,从而为临床冠心病的预测提供理论依据。方法:(1)20头巴马小型猪,在胸腔镜直视下手术丝线永久性结扎左前降支近端建立轻度(狭窄程度20-49%)、中度(狭窄程度50-69%)和重度(狭窄程度≥70%)狭窄的冠状动脉狭窄模型;(2)各组小型猪分别在其手术处理前后1 min留取静脉血和分离血浆,测定骨保护素的含量。结果:(1)手术对各组小型猪血浆OPG的影响差异无统计学意义(P0.05),同时,各组之间冠脉狭窄模型猪手术后血浆OPG的浓度较对照组升高,但无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:(1)手术作为一种应激性损伤,导致OPG升高。(2)骨保护素与冠状动脉硬化和血管钙化有关,但与没有动脉硬化和钙化引起的的冠脉狭窄无关。     

双源CT冠脉成像在冠脉粥样硬化性狭窄诊断中的价值研究

目的:分析双源CT冠脉成像在冠脉粥样硬化性狭窄诊断中的价值。方法:以2014年5月至2016年5月我院初诊为"冠心病"的100例患者为研究对象,所有患者均行冠状动脉造影(CAG)和双源CT(DSCT)检查,比较两种检查方法在冠脉粥样硬化性显著性狭窄患者和不同冠脉血管(右冠脉、左冠脉主干、左前降支和回旋支)狭窄中的检查结果。结果:常规CAG检查共发现35例患者存在冠状动脉显著性狭窄,检出率为35%。DSCT共检出冠状动脉显著性狭窄患者45例,敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为100.0%,84.61%,77.78%和100.0%。一致性分析结果显示两种检测方法结果存在较强一致性,kappa=0.794(P0.05)。100例患者中,常规CAG检查共发现显著性狭窄血管47条。DSCT共检出显著性狭窄血管39条,敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为93.62%、92.92%、63.77%和99.10%。一致性分析结果显示两种检测方法存在较强一致性,kappa=0.719(P0.05)。右冠脉、左冠脉主干、左前降支和回旋支中,检查特异度和阴性预测值以左冠脉主干最高,敏感度和阳性预测值以左前降支最高。DSCT检查对于冠脉血管的完全闭塞、重度狭窄、中度狭窄和轻度狭窄的显示率高于CAG检查,但差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:DSCT检查在冠脉粥样硬化显著性狭窄患者和狭窄冠脉血管(右冠脉、左冠脉主干、左前降支和回旋支)中具有较高的诊断价值。     

正常猕猴与人视网膜血管的比较

目的比较正常猕猴与人视网膜血管的异同,为进一步利用猕猴建立动物模型来研究视网膜血管打下基础。方法取健康成年猕猴眼球6只和人角膜移植供体剩余眼杯8只的视网膜,用ADP酶法进行血管染色,对两者视网膜血管的走行、血管分级、毛细血管分层以及黄斑区血管拱环等进行比较,测量结果进行统计学检验。结果猕猴与人的视网膜铺片经ADP酶法染色后见视网膜血管自穿出视盘后的一级血管逐渐分支变细,直至五级血管即毛细血管;在视盘旁、赤道部、周边部两者血管面积百分比没有差异;视盘旁血管分为多层,赤道部有两层,且深浅层间相互交通,周边部仅见一层毛细血管且较稀疏;两者黄斑区毛细血管均较密集,有形态完整呈不规则状的血管拱环,血管面积百分比以及血管拱环的面积、周长和直径没有差异。结论猕猴与人在视网膜血管走行、分级、毛细血管分层以及黄斑区血管拱环等多方面有良好的相似性,可用作人类视网膜血管、尤其是黄斑区视网膜血管研究的良好动物模型。     

冠脉搭桥术后肺水肿患者氧化应激状态的变化观察

目的:研究冠脉搭桥术后肺水肿患者氧化应激状态变化观察,评价氧化应激状态与肺水肿的关联性,为临床减轻冠脉搭桥术后肺部并发症提供依据。方法:将本院2014年1月-2015年6月收治的冠脉搭桥术后肺水肿患者40例作为试验组,另选同期冠脉搭桥术后未发生肺水肿患者40例作为对照组。检测并比较两组患者术后3天、7天及14天的丙二醛(MDA)、总抗氧化能力(TAC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、过氧化脂(LPO)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的水平变化。结果:与对照组患者相比,试验组患者术后3 d、7 d、14 d三个时间点MDA,LPO及CRP表达水平均显著提高,而TAC,SOD及CAT表达水平均显著降低,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与术后3 d相比,两组患者术后7 d、14 d两个时间点的MDA,LPO和CRP表达水平均显著降低,而TAC,SOD及CAT表达水平均显著提高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:冠脉搭桥术后肺水肿的发生与患者氧化应激状态密切相关,机体自由基增多、抗氧化能力下降是肺水肿发生的重要机制。     

Age-Related Changes of Myelin Proteins in the Rat Peripheral Nervous System

Age-related changes in amounts of myelin proteins from rat sciatic nerve or spinal root were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). In the aged peripheral nerve myelin, the relative amounts of band 105K and proteins X and Y increased, whereas those of proteins P0 and P1 and band 190K decreased. Band 105K purified by preparative SDS-PAGE exhibited three bands of 105K, 28K, and 21K at the second electrophoresis. A repeated SDS-PAGE did not improve the purity of bank 105K, but increased the ratio of 21K to 28K. Compared with P0 protein, band 105K has a very similar peptide map pattern and amino acid composition, as well as the identical NH2 terminal residue, isoleucine. These findings suggest that band 105K is an aggregate form of P0 protein and its fragment, 21K. The 21K protein is a distinct entity from X protein. The quantitative and qualitative alterations in myelin proteins, as we report here, may reflect continuing demyelination and remyelination in aged peripheral nerves.     

早发冠心病患者的危险因素及冠脉病变特点研究

目的:探讨早发冠心病(PCAD)患者的危险因素及冠脉病变特点。方法:收集2014年8月至2015年2月北京安贞医院急诊科行冠状动脉造影的1000例患者为研究对象,根据冠状动脉造影结果和临床资料分为早发冠心病(PCAD)组(男55岁,女65岁,n=340)、晚发冠心病组(n=300)和对照组(非冠心病者,n=360)。对三组患者的临床资料进行统计学分析,采用logistic回归分析PCAD患者的危险因素,并比较PCAD组与晚发冠心病组的冠状动脉病变特点。结果:Logistic回归分析结果提示:吸烟、早发冠心病家族史、高血压病及2型糖尿病是PCAD的独立危险因素(P0.001)。PCAD组单支病变比例显著高于晚发冠心病组(P0.05);回旋支、右冠状动脉病变比例低于晚发冠心病组(P0.05)。结论:吸烟、早发冠心病家族史、高血压病及2型糖尿病是PCAD的独立危险因素。早发冠心病患者冠脉病变主要累及前降支,单支病变多于晚发冠心病患者。     

Age-Related Changes of Elements in the Anterior Commissures and the Relationships Among their Elements

To elucidate compositional changes of the anterior commissure with aging, the authors investigated age-related changes of elements in the anterior commissures and the relationships among their elements. After ordinary dissection at Nara Medical University was finished, the anterior commissures were resected from 45 subjects, ranging in age from 70 to 101 years. The subjects consisted of 22 men and 23 women. After ashing with nitric acid and perchloric acid, the element content of the anterior commissures was determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The seven element contents of Ca, P, S, Mg, Zn, Fe, and Na did not change significantly in the anterior commissures with aging. Regarding the relationships among their element contents, significant correlations were found among the contents of Ca, Mg, Zn, and Na in the anterior commissures. The gender difference that the Zn content was significantly higher in men than in women was found in the anterior commissure.     

女性冠心病患者的危险因素分析及与冠脉病变严重程度的关系

目的:了解女性冠心病患者的危险因素及与冠脉病变严重程度的关系。方法:随机选取本院2012年至2014年心血管科住院治疗的疑似冠心病女性患者150例,经冠脉造影确诊冠心病患者105例,非冠心病患者45例。对患者的临床资料和冠脉病变严重程度进行单因素和多因素分析。结果:冠心病患者高血压与糖尿病百分比、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)及纤维蛋白原水平均高于非冠心病患者,而高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)和血红蛋白水平均低于非冠心病患者(P0.05);年龄、高血压与糖尿病百分比、血脂上升百分比(高TC、高TG、低HDL-C、高LDL-C)、高尿酸百分比和纤维蛋白原水平均随冠状动脉病变支数及Gensini积分的增加而增加(P0.05);多因素分析发现女性冠心病的影响因素分别为高LDL-C、糖尿病、低HDL-C、TG和高血压,其中高LDL-C的影响最为显著(P0.05)。结论:高血压、糖尿病史、血脂水平为女性冠心病的影响因素,其中高LDL-C的影响最显著,各影响因素均与冠脉病变程度紧密相关。     

高负荷剂量氯吡格雷联合替罗非班在非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合 征患者经皮冠状动脉介入中的应用

目的：探讨高负荷剂量氯吡格雷联合替罗非班在高危非ST 段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征（acute coronary syndrome,ACS） 患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）中的作用及安全性。方法：入选208 例高危非ST 段抬高型 ACS患者,根据PCI术前氯吡格雷负荷量不同,随机分为观察组和对照组。对照组：112 例,以氯吡格雷300 mg+ 替罗非班(用法同 观察组)治疗,观察组：96例,以氯吡格雷600 mg +替罗非班0.4 滋g/(kg·min)在30 min 内静脉注射。继以0.1 g/(kg·min)由微量泵 静脉持续泵入至手术后36 h,分别测定两组最大血小板聚集率(MPAR)变化、PCI 术后TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG);随访住院期间 和30 d内不良心血管事件和出血事件。结果：两组临床情况、PCI前负荷剂量氯吡格雷给药时间、支架置入数目比较差异无统计 学意义(P>0.05);用药后2 h、6 h、术后24 h两组MPAR均较用药前明显降低(P<0.05);用药后6 h两组MPAR 均低于用药后2 h (P<0.05);用药后2 h时观察组MPAR 低于对照组(P<0.05)。PCI术后TMPG 3级获得率观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);30 d内复合心 血管事件发生率、出血并发症两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论：PCI术前负荷氯吡格雷600 mg可以更有效、更迅速地 抑制患者的MPAR,联合应用替罗非班时仍可改善心肌灌注,且安全可行。     

Age-Related Changes in the Functional Activity of ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels in Rat Pial Arteries

Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology - Age-related changes in the contribution of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) to basal tone and acetylcholine (ACh)-mediated dilation of...     

Age-Related Changes of Ribonuclease Activities in Various Regions of the Rat Central Nervous System

Acid (pH 5.5), free, and latent alkaline (pH 7.4) RNases were assayed in homogenates of temporal cortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and cervicothoracic segments of spinal cord of rats at three different ages (5, 14, and 25 months old). Free alkaline RNase activity was lower (two- to fivefold) than the acid activity. Both free and inhibitor-bound alkaline RNases remained unchanged with age in all CNS regions examined. This result also indirectly indicates no change of RNase-inhibitor complex throughout aging. In contrast, the acid RNase activity showed a significant increase during aging in all tissues, with exception of the hypothalamus. Because this enzyme is localized mainly in the lysosomes, this result might be due to an increased lysosomal activity and/or to the release of hydrolases into the cytoplasm from these organelles, undergoing shrinkage and degeneration in aged animals.     

金钱豹和猪獾冠状动脉的解剖

为了阐明金钱豹(Panthera pardus)和猪獾(Arctonyx collaris)心冠状动脉的分支分布特征及血供情况,为心脏生物学及动物学研究提供结构基础资料,利用血管铸型和组织透明方法观察研究了金钱豹与猪獾心左、右冠状动脉的分支分布.结果表明,金钱豹和猪獾的心均由左右冠状动脉营养.金钱豹左冠状动脉分为室间隔支、前降支和旋支.前降支又分出左室上支、左室中支和左室下支.右冠状动脉沿途分出右室前支、右室后下支和右室后上支.猪獾左冠状动脉分为前降支和旋支.前降支又分出室间隔支和左室前支,旋支又分出左缘支和左室后支.其右冠状动脉沿途分出右室前支、右缘支和右室后支.金钱豹和猪獾心的室间隔均由发自左冠状动脉的独立的室间隔支营养,二者左右冠状动脉在膈壁的分布属于均衡型.