贵州中寒武世早期凯里生物群研究的新进展*

贵州台江中寒武世凯里生物群的研究取得了突破性的进展 ,一些澄江生物群、布尔吉斯页岩生物群的分子诸如Ottoia,Naraoia,Palaeoscolex ,Urokodia,Microdictyon ,Leanchio lia,Isoxys及anomalocarids等化石已被发现 ,凯里生物群的组成发生了重大的变化。新面貌的凯里生物群成为拥有 1 2个大类 1 2 0多个属的布尔吉斯页岩型生物群 ,其中动物化石已超过 80多个属 ,仅次于布尔吉斯页岩生物群和澄江生物群 ,居全球同类型第三位。其核心组成为非三叶虫节肢动物、水母状动物及棘皮动物。     

凯里生物群腕足动物与游泳动物共存现象研究

腕足动物是贵州凯里生物群中重要的化石门类,不仅化石数量丰富,分异度高,还具有丰富的生态现象.在寒武系的化石记录上,腕足动物常与海绵、藻类、棘皮动物、水母状生物、软舌螺、威瓦西亚虫、其他腕足动物等保存在一起,凯里生物群中的腕足动物也有类似的共存现象.本文就凯里生物群中腕足动物与游泳动物的共存现象进行了初步研究,认为腕足动...     

贵州台江中寒武世凯里生物群的埋藏序列分析*

在贵州台江凯里组中发现一系列的风暴沉积韵律层 ,风暴韵律层明显地控制着早期后生动物的埋藏、保存。根据风暴韵律层与化石埋藏、保存特征 ,建立了化石埋藏序列A—D4层。A层为向上变细的、富产潜穴的泥质粉砂岩 ;B层为平行纹层发育的、层面上富产三叶虫化石Pagetia头尾分离的粉砂质泥岩、泥质粉砂岩 ;C层富产软体化石的具弱水平纹理的泥岩 ,凯里化石库就产于此层 ;D层为块状泥岩层 ,仅含少量保存完好的三叶虫化石。     

贵州中寒武世凯里生物群中的蠕形动物化石*

描述了凯里生物群中的蠕形动物Ottoia ,Maotianshania ,Palaeoscolex ,Circocosmia?及Selkirkia。这些软躯体的蠕虫化石在凯里生物群中都是首次发现。其中Ottoia也发现于布尔吉斯页岩生物群 ,Maotianshania ,Circocosmia ?则见于澄江生物群 ,而Palaeoscolex则从澄江生物群至布尔吉斯页岩生物群中都有保存 ,这是凯里生物群处于承前启后位置的又一证据。蠕动动物的发现 ,增加了凯里生物群软躯体化石内容 ,反映了凯里生物群是典型的布尔吉斯页岩生物群。     

贵州凯里地区下、中寒武统凯里组下部Redlichia的再研究*

重新描述了黔东南下、中寒武统凯里组下部Redlichia属的Redlichia (Redlichia) coniformis taijiangensis,Redlichia (Redlichia) takooensis longispinus和 1未定种Redlichia (Redlichia) sp .。并对其生物学、生物地层学及其在下、中寒武统界线划分与对比的作用及意义进行讨论。     

论凯里组*

记述了黔东南凯里组三叶虫的地层分布 ,讨论了三叶虫的分带 ,根据三叶虫地层分布情况 ,将凯里组与国内外同期地层进行了对比 ,指出了凯里生物群与布吉斯页岩生物群 ,斯潘塞页岩生物群出现的顺序 ,对于深入研究凯里生物群与其它生物群的演化具有重要意义。     

金黄色葡萄球菌中PVL基因与噬菌体DNA的同源性*

为了探讨金黄色葡萄球菌PVL基因与噬菌体的相关性 ,从 4株含有PVL基因的菌株中分离出DNA ,用HindⅢ或EcoRⅠ酶切后 ,分别与PVL和LukM-lukF-PV探针进行Southern印迹杂交 ,以及对含有PVL基因及其下游区域的片段克隆、测序和同源性分析。结果表明3株菌的PVL基因及其下游区域的序列与V8菌株噬菌体∮PVL的PVL基因及其下游噬菌体attsite的序列     

贵州台江凯里组的双瓣壳节肢动物Tuzoia*

记述贵州台江凯里组中部青灰色泥岩内的无腹双瓣壳节肢动物Tuzoia两新种 :T .bispinosa sp .nov .,T .magna sp .nov .。扼要地讨论了Tuzoia的起源、演化趋向和分类位置。Tuzoia浮游的生活方式和其它营浮游生活的三叶虫一样 ,具有广泛的地理分布 ,不仅能在印度太平洋古动物地理区出现 ,也能在大西洋古动物地理区出现 ,不仅能在地台区出现 ,而且能在斜坡区出现。     

幽门螺杆菌hpaA基因RFLP研究*

用限制性片段长度多态性 (RFLP)的方法评价幽门螺杆菌不同菌株鞭毛粘附素基因(hpaA)的变异性。PCR扩增 9株幽门螺杆菌 710bp的hpaA基因 ,用HhaⅠ、HaeⅢ限制性内切酶对该基因片段进行酶切分析。hpaA基因HaeIII单酶切可见 4种带型 ,HhaI单酶切出现 5种带型。从临床分离的H. pylori菌株hpaARFLP互有差异 ,且不同于国际标准菌株 ;临床分     

棕色固氮菌nifS敲除菌株的构建*

从Azotobacter vinelandii中通过PCR扩增了5’和3’端分别缺失264bp和261bp的nifS′片段,克隆至载体pUC18,形成重组质粒pUCS,再通过同源重组的方法,将pUCS插入Azoto-bacter vinelandii的nifS中,形成nifS阻断突变体SU1,经Southern杂交和PCR扩增,证明所得确为nifS阻断突变株。SU1在外加氮源的BBGN培养基中能够快速生长,但在Burk's无氮培养基中,生长却极其缓慢     

寒武纪凯里生物群在贵州镇远竹坪地区的发现

贵州东部镇远县竹坪地区付家冲寒武系凯里组中上部Oryctocephalus indicus带至Peronopsis taijiangensis带粉砂质泥岩、泥岩中新发现丰富的多门类化石组合,共计22属及3未定属种,分属海绵动物、节肢动物、腕足动物、软体动物、棘皮动物、腔肠动物,鳃曳动物、水母状动物及藻类9大门类,其中动...     

The seasonal variation of 20 elements in 1st and 2nd year needles of Norway spruce,Picea abies (L.) Karst

Summary The concentration of 20 elements (including eight nutritional elements) in spruce needles was monitored by taking samples at nine different dates in a single year. On each date the youngest and the 1-year-old needles were collected at four different sites. The needles were washed with an organic solvent to remove surface contamination before analysis by instrumental neutron activation. Although the sites showed widely different concentrations for the same element, they could be treated as a uniform population using normalized concentration values. Taking the time dependence of the concentration and the ratio of the concentrations in new and old needles as criteria, the following three groups of elements could be distinguished: 9 group I —Ca, Sr, Ba, and Mn; group II — Al, Br, Co, Fe, Hg, La, Sc, Sb, and Zn; group III — K, Rb, Cs, P, and Cl. Mg and Na did not fit into any of these groups. Within group I and III elements the strongest variations occur during the growing season (late spring and early summer) and the weakest during the dormant season; the variation is greater in the younger needles. Group II elements show an approximately linear increase throughout the year in both the younger and older needles. The concentrations of elements of groups I and II increase with time, while those of group III decrease. Na is unique insofar as its concentration is influenced by foliar uptake of road de-icing salt. The concentration of elements belonging to the same group shows strong inter-element correlations. The grouping of elements deduced here shows similarities with the chemical nature of the elements and with their transportability within the plant.     

油茶果壳化学成分研究

为了解油茶(Camellia oleifera Abel.)果壳中的化学成分,从其95%乙醇提取物中分离得到10个化合物。经波谱数据分析分别鉴定为:3α-菠菜甾醇(1)、麦角甾-4,6,8(14),22-四烯-3-酮(2)、(R)-de-O-metillasiodiplodin(3)、4′,5,7-三羟基二氢黄酮(4)、大黄素(5)、6-乙基-5-羟基-2,7-二甲氧基-1,4-萘醌(6)、ω-羟基大黄素(7)、macrophorin A(8)、negunfurol(9)、1-(3′,5′-二甲氧基)苯基-2-(4″-羟基)苯基乙烷(10)。化合物1~9为首次从油茶中分离得到,化合物2、3、5~9为首次从山茶属植物中分离得到。     

A reconsideration of the genusRabdosiella (Lamiaceae,Nepetoideae, Ocimeae)

The two generaPlectranthus andIsodon are compared and found to be very dissimilar.Isodon ist considered to be misplaced inOcimeae subtribePlectranthinae and apparently is more closely related to subtribeHyptidinae. The disjunct genusRabdosiella is compared to these two genera and regarded to be polyphyletic. The AfricanR. calycina (Benth.)Codd is returned toPlectranthus and calledP. calycinusBenth., while the AsianR. ternifolia (D. Don)Codd is placed inIsodon sect.Pyramidium and calledI. ternifolius (D. Don)Kudo.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Msx</Emphasis> genes are expressed in the carapacial ridge of turtle shell: a study of the European pond turtle,<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Emys orbicularis</Emphasis>

The turtle shell forms by extensive ossification of dermis ventrally and dorsally. The carapacial ridge (CR) controls early dorsal shell formation and is thought to play a similar role in shell growth as the apical ectodermal ridge during limb development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying carapace development are still unknown. Msx genes are involved in the development of limb mesenchyme and of various skeletal structures. In particular, precocious Msx expression is recorded in skeletal precursors that develop close to the ectoderm, such as vertebral spinous processes or skull. Here, we have studied the embryonic expression of Msx genes in the European pond turtle, Emys orbicularis. The overall Msx expression in head, limb, and trunk is similar to what is observed in other vertebrates. We have focused on the CR area and pre-skeletal shell condensations. The CR expresses Msx genes transiently, in a pattern similar to that of fgf10. In the future carapace domain, the dermis located dorsal to the spinal cord expresses Msx genes, as in other vertebrates, but we did not see expansion of this expression in the dermis located more laterally, on top of the dermomyotomes. In the ventral plastron, although the dermal osseous condensations form in the embryonic Msx-positive somatopleura, we did not observe enhanced Msx expression around these elements. These observations may indicate that common mechanisms participate in limb bud and CR early development, but that pre-differentiation steps differ between shell and other skeletal structures and involve other gene activities than that of Msx genes.Edited by D.A. Weisblat     

不同植物(组合)对入侵杂草黄顶菊功能性状的影响

【目的】外来植物的入侵能力与其性状之间的关系是入侵生态学中的基本问题之一。外来植物成功入侵具备哪些植物功能性状,一直是研究的热点问题,研究和把握这些性状对外来植物的入侵机理研究具有重要的现实意义。【方法】利用同质园实验,以入侵植物黄顶菊为研究对象,设置不同的植物(或组合)与黄顶菊竞争处理,研究不同植物(组合)对黄顶菊植物功能性状的影响,从而探究不同植物对黄顶菊的抵御能力。【结果】地肤、苘麻、苏丹草和苏丹草与地肤、黄花草木樨组合对黄顶菊有一定抑制作用,混种处理中黄顶菊的生物量、分枝数、株高显著低于黄顶菊单种处理,且对叶片功能性状、根功能性状、植株的全C和全N量等都有一定程度的影响。而反枝苋、反枝苋和紫花苜蓿组合对黄顶菊的生长有一定的促进作用,混种处理中黄顶菊的生物量与全C、全N含量较单种黄顶菊显著增加。【结论】不同植物与黄顶菊竞争生长对黄顶菊的影响不同,地肤和苘麻可以显著地抑制黄顶菊的主要功能性状生长发育,而反枝苋和紫花苜蓿促进黄顶菊生长发育。     

Foreign exploration for Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and associated natural enemies on avocado (Persea americana Miller)

Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara was discovered attacking avocados in California, USA, in 1996. Host plant surveys in California indicated that S. perseae has a highly restricted host range with larvae being found only on avocados, while adults were collected from 11 different plant species. As part of a management program for this pest, a “classical” biological control program was initiated and foreign exploration was conducted to delineate the home range of S. perseae, to survey for associated natural enemies and inventory other species of phytophagous thrips on avocados grown in Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, and Brazil. Foreign exploration efforts indicate that S. perseae occurs on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1500 m) from Uruapan in Mexico south to areas around Guatemala City in Guatemala. In Costa Rica, S. perseae is replaced by an undescribed congener as the dominant phytophagous thrips on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1300 m). No species of Scirtothrips were found on avocados in the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, or Brazil. In total, 2136 phytophagous thrips were collected and identified, representing over 47 identified species from at least 19 genera. The significance of these species records is discussed. Of collected material 4% were potential thrips biological control agents. Natural enemies were dominated by six genera of predatory thrips (Aeolothrips, Aleurodothrips, Franklinothrips, Leptothrips, Scolothrips, and Karnyothrips). One genus each of parasitoid (Ceranisus) and predatory mite (Balaustium) were found. Based on the results of our sampling techniques, prospects for the importation of thrips natural enemies for use in a “classical” biological control program in California against S. perseae are not promising.