外泌体介导的长链非编码RNA H19促进肝癌细胞的增殖与转移

外泌体是由细胞分泌的直径为30～150 nm的小囊泡,含有丰富的mRNA、microRNA和长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)。目前,大多数外泌体研究都集中在mRNA和microRNA,而对lncRNA的生物学功能并不十分清楚。研究表明,肿瘤细胞外泌体lncRNA H19在肿瘤细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭中发挥了重要作用。本研究将筛选到的lncRNA H19高表达的肝癌细胞HCCLM3,分别收集其高表达lncRNA H19的外泌体和其下调lncRNA H19表达后的外泌体。然后,将收集到的外泌体分别添加到lncRNA H19低表达的肝癌细胞Hep3B和HepG2孵育液中。孵育24 h后,检测其对肿瘤细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的影响。结果显示,肝癌细胞HCCLM3可分泌大量的外泌体,且能被其他肿瘤细胞大量摄取;与下调lncRNA H19表达的外泌体相比,lncRNA H19高表达的外泌体能显著增强Hep3B和HepG2细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力。而这一作用可通过激活PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路实现。上述结果表明,lncRNA H19高表达的肝癌细胞以外泌体方式,增强邻近肝癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力,促进肝癌的发生与发展。     

长链非编码RNA H19促进肝癌细胞增殖和侵袭

目的:肝癌是严重危害人类健康的一类恶性肿瘤,但其发病机制目前仍不明确.虽然长链非编码RNA的异常表达与多种肿瘤的发生密切相关,但在肝癌中的报导尚不多见.因此,本文将探讨长链非编码RNA H19在肝癌组织和正常组织中表达差异,进一步检测其对肝癌细胞增殖和侵袭活性的调控及其分子机制,为开发长链非编码RNA的临床诊断试剂提供实验依据.方法:收集20例肝癌手术患者的癌变组织和20例正常组织,通过real time PCR检测H19的表达差异.在转染或干扰掉该H19后,采用MTT的方法检测HepG2细胞的增殖活性,通过Transwell小室的方法检测HepG2细胞的侵袭活性.结果:real time PCR检测发现H19 mRNA在肝癌组织中高表达,而在正常组织中低表达.过表达H19导致HepG2细胞过度增殖,敲除该lncRNA,细胞增殖和侵袭活性被抑制.结论:H19在肝癌组织中的表达明显高于正常肝组织,并且过表达H19导致肝癌细胞增殖活性增加,而敲除H19会导致肝癌细胞的增殖和侵袭活性明显减弱.该LncRNA在肝癌组织中的过量表达有助于肝癌的临床诊断,同时H19在肝癌的恶性肿瘤生物活性中发挥着重要的作用,因此,H19是一个潜在的治疗肝癌的药物作用靶点,为开发新的抗肿瘤药物提供了新的治疗靶点.     

泛素相关蛋白样因子2在肝癌中的表达及意义

目的:探讨肝癌中泛素相关蛋白样因子2(UBAP2L)的表达水平与预后的关系及其对肝癌细胞侵袭、转移能力的影响。方法:挖掘oncomine数据库,提取UBAP2L在肝癌与正常组织转录水平的变化及相关临床资料,采用Kaplan-Meier法分析UBAP2L表达水平与肝癌患者预后的关系。采用实时定量PCR、Western blot检测HCCLM3、MHCC97H、Hep3B、Huh7肝癌细胞株及正常肝细胞LO2中UBAP2L mRNA及蛋白水平,免疫组织化学染色法检测本院80例肝癌组织与癌旁组织中UBAP2L的表达水平加以验证。通过慢病毒载体使UBAP2L高表达的肝癌细胞株HCCLM3表达下调,采用克隆形成和划痕实验检测UBAP2L对肝癌细胞增殖能力和侵袭、转移的影响。结果:UBAP2L在oncomine数据库大多数队列呈高表达。UBAP2L在肝癌细胞株中的mRNA和蛋白的表达水平显著高于正常肝细胞(P0.05)。肝癌组织中UBAP2L阳性、强阳性表达率高于癌旁组织(P0.05),下调UBAP2L表达可明显抑制HCCLM3肝癌细胞的克隆形成能力和运动能力(P0.05)。UBAP2L高表达组的中位生存时间与UBAP2L低表达组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:UBAP2L在肝癌组织中呈高表达,下调UBAP2L表达可抑制肿瘤增殖和侵袭、转移表型,其可能成为肝癌早期诊断的生物标志物和治疗的潜在靶点。     

lncRNA PSMA3-AS1靶向调控miR-627-3p对肝癌Hep3B细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的影响

该文旨在探讨lncRNA PSMA3-AS1对肝癌细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的影响及其可能的作用机制。采用qRT-PCR法对肝癌组织、癌旁组织、正常人肝上皮细胞THLE-3,以及人肝癌细胞MHCC97H、Hep3B、SK-HEP-1中lncRNA PSMA3-AS1、miR-627-3p的表达量进行检测;将si-NC、si-lncRNA PSMA3-AS1、miR-NC、miR-627-3p mimics分别转染至Hep3B细胞,si-lncRNA PSMA3-AS1与anti-miR-NC,以及si-lncRNA PSMA3-AS1与anti-miR-627-3p共转染至Hep3B细胞;双荧光素酶报告实验检测lncRNA PSMA3-AS1与miR-627-3p的靶向关系;MTT法检测细胞增殖;平板克隆形成实验检测细胞克隆形成情况;Transwell实验检测细胞迁移及侵袭;蛋白质印迹法检测MMP2、MMP9蛋白表达量。qRT-PCR实验结果显示,与癌旁组织比较,肝癌组织中lncRNA PSMA3-AS1的表达量升高(P<0.05),miR-627-3p的表达量降低(P<0.05...     

趋化因子受体CX3CR1对人肝癌细胞7721和HepG2的作用及其机制的研究

目的:探究趋化因子受体CX3CR1(C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1,CX3CR1)对人肝癌细胞7721和Hep G2增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响及其机制。方法:采用Q-PCR和Western blot法分别检测人正常肝细胞LO2和两种肝癌细胞(7721和Hep G2)中CX3CR1的基因表达情况(mRNA和蛋白质);以过表达CX3CR1的质粒转染7721细胞,用抑制CX3CR1的干扰RNA转染Hep G2细胞,通过Q-PCR和Western blot法检测CX3CR1的变化;应用MTT和流式细胞实验检测各组细胞的增殖能力;用集落形成实验检测各组细胞的自我更新和增殖能力;借助划痕愈合和Transwell检测各组细胞的迁移和侵袭能力;利用Western blot法检测PI3K/AKT、MAPK/ERK信号通路的激活情况。结果:CX3CR1在7721细胞中mRNA和蛋白质呈低表达趋势,而在Hep G2细胞中则呈高表达趋势;转染过表达CX3CR1质粒后7721细胞中CX3CR1的mRNA和蛋白水平有明显的升高,细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭能力增强,p-AKT和p-ERK水平升高;转染干扰RNA后Hep G2细胞中的CX3CR1表达水平明显下降,增殖、迁移、侵袭能力减弱,p-AKT和p-ERK水平降低。结论:趋化因子受体CX3CR1可以促进人肝癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力,该作用可能与PI3K/AKT、MAPK/ERK信号通路激活有关。     

RNA干扰CD151基因表达抑制肝癌细胞侵袭

目的研究RNA干扰(RNA interference RNAi)抑制CD151表达对人类肝癌细胞迁移侵袭的影响及分子机制。方法将CD151-siRNA在脂质体介导下瞬时转入人肝癌HepG2细胞,倒置荧光显微镜观察转染效率,用qPCR,western blot检测HepG2细胞CD151mRNA和蛋白表达,体外研究肿瘤细胞迁移和侵袭能力,并检测相关信号通路的变化。结果成功转染CD151-siRNA后,HepG2细胞CD151基因的表达与正常对照组和阴性对照组相比,mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显降低(P0.05),细胞迁移和侵袭能力明显下降(P0.05),同时,沉默CD151的表达,FAK,ERK的磷酸化受抑制。结论CD151-siRNA能有效抑制人肝癌细胞CD151基因mRNA和蛋白的表达,通过抑制FAK,ERK蛋白的磷酸化水平,降低细胞的迁移和侵袭力。     

GTF2H2通过介导AKT信号通路影响肝癌细胞Hep3B的增殖和迁移*

目的:探讨通用转录因子II H亚基2(GTF2H2)是否影响肝癌细胞Hep3B的增殖和迁移及其潜在的分子机制。方法:通过转染GTF2H2-siRNA构建GTF2H2敲低的Hep3B肝癌细胞模型;实时定量聚合酶链反应(q-RT-PCR)和蛋白质印迹实验检测肝癌细胞Hep3B的GTF2H2敲低效果;细胞计数实验(MTS)检测GTF2H2敲低的肝癌细胞Hep3B的增殖能力;Transwell细胞迁移实验检测GTF2H2敲低的肝癌细胞Hep3B的迁移能力;蛋白质印迹分析实验检测GTF2H2敲低后是否影响肿瘤相关分子信号通路。结果: GTF2H2敲低组的Hep3B细胞的增殖能力较对照组的Hep3B细胞增强,迁移能力亦有增强;蛋白质印迹实验显示GTF2H2敲低后,p-AKT通路蛋白的表达明显升高。结论:GTF2H2可能通过介导AKT分子信号通路,影响肝癌细胞Hep3B的增殖和迁移能力。     

野鸦椿酸对人肝癌细胞的抑制作用及机理研究

探讨圆齿野鸦椿中野鸦椿酸(EA)对人肝癌细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移能力的影响及其机制研究。从圆齿野鸦椿果皮中提取得到EA,通过培养人肝癌细胞Hep G2细胞,以MTT法分析EA对Hep G2细胞增殖的影响,流式细胞术评价不同浓度(20、40、80μmol/L)的EA对Hep G2细胞的凋亡状态和周期分布情况,细胞划痕、Transwell小室实验考察对Hep G2细胞侵袭转移能力的变化,用Western blot法和荧光定量PCR法检测野鸦椿酸对上皮-间质转化(EMT)相关标志物E-Cadherin、N-Cadherin、Vimentin、MMP-2和MMP-9的蛋白和mRNA表达的影响。结果显示,EA抑制人肝癌细胞Hep G2细胞的增殖,24、48、72 h的IC50分别为32. 16±4. 58、26. 45±3. 79、和16. 76±4. 01μmol/L。随EA浓度的增大,细胞的凋亡率逐渐升高,且发生显著的G0/G1期阻滞。EA可降低Hep G2细胞的侵袭和迁移能力,上调E-Cadherin的蛋白和mRNA的水平,下调N-Cadherin、Vimentin、MMP-2和MMP-9的蛋白和mRNA表达。EA抑制人肝癌细胞增殖和侵袭转移能力,可能与其调控EMT相关信号通路有关。     

骨髓间充质干细胞外泌体miR-190a-5p通过靶向KLF15抑制肺癌细胞迁移和侵袭

目的:探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC)来源的外泌体miR-190a-5p对肺癌细胞的影响。方法:通过超速离心获得BMSCs外泌体,透射电镜观察外泌体形态,采用纳米颗粒示踪分析(NTA)检测外泌体粒径,利用Western印迹检测外泌体上的标志蛋白CD63、CD9及HSP70;选取肺癌细胞系A549、LK79、H1975和HCC827,以及人正常上皮细胞BEAS-2B检测对比miR-190a-5p在这些细胞中和BMSCs衍生的外泌体(BMSC-exosome)中的表达量;双萤光素酶报告基因检测验证Krüppel样因子15(KLF15)是否为miR-190a-5p的靶基因;定量PCR(qRT-PCR)和Western印迹检测miR-190a-5p对KLF15的表达调控;Transwell法检测外泌体对肺癌细胞迁移和侵袭的影响。结果:BMSCs外泌体呈圆形,粒径集中在150～200 nm,标志蛋白CD63、CD9及HSP70阳性表达;BMSCs外泌体中miR-190a-5p的相对表达量均高于在4种肺癌细胞及正常肺细胞BEAS-2B中的表达;双萤光素酶报告基因检测KLF15是miR-190a-5p的靶基因;BMSCs外泌体与miR-190a-5p mimics均能使肺癌细胞中的miR-190a-5p含量升高,并抑制KLF15的mRNA和蛋白表达,从而抑制肺癌细胞迁移和侵袭。结论:BMSCs外泌体miR-190a-5p通过下调KLF15抑制肺癌细胞迁移和侵袭,为肺癌的诊断和治疗提供了新的思路。     

溶血磷脂酸对不同转移性肝癌细胞迁移行为的影响

旨在研究溶血磷脂酸(Lysophosphatidic acid,LPA)对两种转移性不同的肝癌细胞MHCC97H和Hep G2迁移行为的影响。采用Transwell法检测肝癌细胞的迁移能力,RT-PCR检测肝癌细胞中LPA受体(LPA receptor,LPAR)m RNA水平的表达。结果显示,LPA对低转移性肝癌细胞Hep G2的迁移没有明显影响,但显著促进高转移性肝癌细胞MHCC97H的迁移能力。LPA对两种细胞的增殖都没有明显影响。RT-PCR实验发现两种肝癌细胞中LPAR的表达呈现差异,LPAR1在MHCC97H细胞中表达,但Hep G2细胞不表达。用LPAR1/3抑制剂Ki16425阻断MHCC97H中LPAR1的作用后发现,LPA对MHCC97H细胞的促迁移作用消失,表明LPA通过与LPAR1作用促进了MHCC97H细胞的迁移。LPA对不同转移性肝癌细胞迁移能力的影响存在差异,该差异可能来自于细胞表达LPAR的不同。     

LncRNA PTCSC3 inhibits triple-negative breast cancer cell proliferation by downregulating lncRNA H19

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) PTCSC3 (hereafter PTCSC3 is used to represent lncRNA PTCSC3) inhibits glioma and thyroid cancer, indicating its potential tumor suppression function in other types of cancers. We explored the potential involvement of PTCSC3 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In the current study, we found that PTCSC3 was downregulated in tumor tissues of patients with TNBC. PTCSC3 expression was positively correlated with plasma levels of PTCSC3. LncRNA H19 was upregulated and was inversely correlated with PTCSC3 in tumor tissues. PTCSC3 overexpression led to downregulated H19 in TNBC cells, while H19 overexpression did not affect PTCSC3 expression. PTCSC3 inhibited and H19 promoted proliferation of TNBC cells. H19 overexpression attenuated the effects of PTCSC3 overexpression. Cancer cell migration and invasion were not significantly affected by PTCSC3 overexpression. Therefore, lncRNA PTCSC3 inhibits TNBC cell proliferation by downregulating lncRNA H19.     

Long non‐coding RNA H19 is responsible for the progression of lung adenocarcinoma by mediating methylation‐dependent repression of CDH1 promoter

Lung adenocarcinoma is a common histologic type of lung cancer with a high death rate globally. Increasing evidence shows that long non‐coding RNA H19 (lncRNA H19) and CDH1 methylation are involved in multiple tumours. Here, we tried to investigate whether lncRNA H19 or CDH1 methylation could affect the development of lung adenocarcinoma. First, lung adenocarcinoma tissues were collected to detect CDH1 methylation. Then, the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA H19 were detected mainly in concert with the treatment of overexpression of lncRNA H19, siRNA against lncRNA H19, overexpression of CDH1 and demethylating agent A‐5az in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell. The expression of lncRNA H19 and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related factors as well as cell proliferation, sphere‐forming ability, apoptosis, migration and invasion were detected. Finally, we observed xenograft tumour in nude mice so as to ascertain tumorigenicity of lung adenocarcinoma cells. LncRNA H19 and methylation of CDH1 were highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. A549 cells with silencing of lncRNA H19, overexpression of CDH1 or reduced CDH1 methylation by demethylating agent 5‐Az had suppressed cell proliferation, sphere‐forming ability, apoptosis, migration and invasion, in addition to inhibited EMT process. Silencing lncRNA H19 could reduce methylation level of CDH1. In vivo, A549 cells with silencing lncRNA H19, overexpression of CDH1 or reduced CDH1 methylation exhibited low tumorigenicity, reflected by the smaller tumour size and lighter tumour weight. Taken together, this study demonstrates that silencing of lncRNA H19 inhibits EMT and proliferation while promoting apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cells by inhibiting methylation of CDH1 promoter.     

Induction of Egr-1 is associated with anti-metastatic and anti-invasive ability of beta-lapachone in human hepatocarcinoma cells

beta-lapachone, a quinone compound obtained from the bark of the lapacho tree (Tabebuia avellanedae), was reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. In this study, we investigated novel functions of beta-lapachone in terms of anti-metastasis and anti-invasion abilities using human hepatocarcinoma cell lines, HepG2 and Hep3B. beta-lapachone dose-dependently inhibited cell viability and migration of both HepG2 and Hep3B cells, as determined by methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) assay and wound healing assay. RT-PCR and Western blot data revealed that beta-lapachone dramatically increased the levels of protein, as well as mRNA expression of early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) and throbospondin-1 (TSP-1) at an early point in time, and then decreased in a time-dependent manner. In addition, down-regulation of Snail and up-regulation of E-cadherin expression were observed in beta-lapachone-treated HepG2 and Hep3B cells, and this the associated with decreased invasive ability as measured by matrigel invasion assay. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that beta-lapachone may be expected to inhibit the progression and metastasis of hepatoma cells, at least in part by inhibiting the invasive ability of the cells via up-regulation of the expression of the Egr-1, TSP-1, and E-cadherin.     

Hepatic stellate cell promoted hepatoma cell invasion via the HGF/c-Met signaling pathway regulated by p53

The biological behaviors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are complex mainly due to heterogeneity of progressive genetic and epigenetic mutations as well as tumor environment. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met signaling pathway is regarded to be a prototypical example for stromal-epithelial interactions during developmental morphogenesis, wound healing, organ regeneration and cancer progression. And p53 plays as an important regulator of Met-dependent cell motility and invasion. Present study showed that 2 HCC cell lines, Hep3B and HepG2, displayed different invasive capacity when treated with HGF which was secreted by hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). We found that HGF promoted Hep3B cells invasion and migration as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurrence because Hep3B was p53 deficient, which leaded to the c-Met over-expression. Then we found that HGF/c-Met promoted Hep3B cells invasion and migration by upregulating Snail expression. In conclusion, HGF/c-Met signaling is enhanced by loss of p53 expression, resulting in increased ability of invasion and migration by upregulating the expression of Snail.     

Long non‐coding RNA H19 promotes the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer through upregulating DNMT1 expression by sponging miR‐152

Long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 in tumors played important roles in various biological processes. However, the biological role and molecular mechanism of H19 in breast cancer are unclear. Here, we found that H19 was aberrantly upregulated in human breast tumor tissues and cells. A negative correlation between H19 and miR‐152 and positive correlation between H19 and DNMT1 mRNA were observed. Downregulation of H19 and DNMT1 significantly retarded breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion. H19 act as an endogenous sponge by directly binding to miR‐152. miR‐152 directly targeted DNMT1 and was regulated by H19. Besides, H19 overexpression dramatically relieved the inhibition of miR‐152 on DNMT1 expression. miR‐152 inhibition and DNMT1 overexpression obviously reversed the inhibitory effects of H19 downregulation on cell proliferation and invasion. In conclusion, H19 promoted proliferation and invasion of breast cancer through the miR‐152/DNMT1 axis, providing a novel mechanism about the occurrence and development of breast cancer.     

Pancreatic stellate cell-derived exosomal tRF-19-PNR8YPJZ promotes proliferation and mobility of pancreatic cancer through AXIN2

The pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play an important role in the development of pancreatic cancer (PC) through mechanisms that remain unclear. Exosomes secreted from PSCs act as mediators for communication in PC. This study aimed to explore the role of PSC-derived exosomal small RNAs derived from tRNAs (tDRs) in PC cells. Exosomes from PSCs were extracted and used to detect their effects on PC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Exosomal tDRs profiling was performed to identify PSC-derived exosomal tDRs. ISH and qRT-PCR were used to examine the tRF-19-PNR8YPJZ levels and clinical value in clinical samples. The biological function of exosomal tRF-19-PNR8YPJZ was determined using the CCK-8, clone formation, wound healing and transwell assays, subcutaneous tumour formation and lung metastatic models. The relationship between the selected exosomal tRF-19-PNR8YPJZ and AXIN2 was determined by RNA sequencing, luciferase reporter assay. PSC-derived exosomes promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of PC cells. Novel and abundant tDRs are found to be differentially expressed in PANC-1 cells after treatment with PSC-derived exosomes, such as tRF-19-PNR8YPJZ. PC tissue samples showed markedly higher levels of tRF-19-PNR8YPJZ than normal controls. Patients with PC exhibiting high tRF-19-PNR8YPJZ expression had a highly lymph node invasion, metastasis, perineural invasion, advanced clinical stage and poor overall survival. Exosomal tRF-19-PNR8YPJZ from PSCs targeted AXIN2 in PC cells and decreased its expression, thus activating the Wnt pathway and promoting proliferation and metastasis. Exosomal tRF-19-PNR8YPJZ from PSCs promoted proliferation and metastasis in PC cells via AXIN2.