杜仲内生真菌DZ05的鉴定及抗菌生物活性研究

结合菌株的形态学特征和ITS序列分析结果,对1株分离自杜仲茎部的内生真菌菌株DZ05进行鉴定,并对其在PDA液体培养基摇床培养3 d获得的发酵液对多种测试菌进行抗菌活性研究。结果显示:(1)分离自杜仲茎部的内生真菌菌株DZ05经形态学特征和ITS序列分析,被鉴定为淡紫色拟青霉。(2)其发酵液的乙酸乙酯提取物对6种测试细菌和9种测试植物病原菌均具有明显的抑菌活性,抑菌圈直径在13～45 mm之间,其中对番茄灰霉病菌、番茄叶霉病菌和苹果炭疽病菌抑菌圈直径＞40 mm。研究表明,杜仲内生真菌DZ05的代谢产物具有广谱的抗菌活性,在植物病原菌的生物防治领域具有较大的应用前景。     

药用植物二色补血草内生真菌分离及其抑菌活性初步研究

对药用植物二色补血草内生真菌进行分离,以番茄灰霉病菌、黄瓜枯萎病菌、枸杞黑果病菌、黄瓜立枯病菌、小麦全蚀病菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌为靶标菌,采用对峙法和改进的菌块法进行抗菌活性初步筛选。结果表明:(1)从二色补血草根、茎、叶组织器官中分离出18株内生真菌,其中以叶部最多,根部和茎部次之;经形态学初步鉴定归于2目,2科,4属。(2)有10株内生真菌对2种或多种植物病原真菌有不同程度的抑制作用,占分离菌株总数的55.6%;8株内生真菌对1种或多种供试细菌具有不同程度的抑制作用,占分离菌株总数的44.4%;菌株LBEFL001和LBEFL006分别对5种供试真菌具有明显抑制作用,属于曲霉属和青霉属;菌株LBEFR006、LBEFS002分别对金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌2种供试细菌具有明显抑制作用,属于梭孢霉属;菌株LBEFL004对枯草芽胞杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌2种供试细菌具有明显抑制作用,属于曲霉属。研究发现,二色补血草具有较为丰富的内生真菌资源,对植物病原真菌具有明显的抑菌活性,且抑菌范围较宽;对病原细菌抑制作用具有一定的选择性,总体上对金黄色葡萄球菌抑制作用明显。     

几种药用植物内生真菌抗真菌活性的初步研究

从三尖杉,南方红豆杉及香榧中分离出172株内生真菌,对其进行抗菌活性检测,结果表明共90株内生真菌对一种或多种植物病原真菌,如红色面孢霉（Neurospora sp.）,木霉(Trichoderma sp.）,镰刀菌（Fusarium sp.）等有抑制作用,来自三尖杉、南方红豆杉和香榧的抗菌活性菌株比例分别为40％,54.2%及57.1%。其中平板抑菌圈直径大于15mm的高抗菌株有35株。按Ainsworth等鉴定系统和方法进行鉴定,具有抗菌活性的内生真菌主要分布于心青霉属、镰孢菌属等18个属中。     

白木香内生真菌的分离鉴定及其抑菌活性

从白木香Aquilaria sinensis（Lour．）Gilg木质部的树脂形成部位和健康部位中共分离获得42株内生真菌,经初步鉴定,产孢的33株分属于3目4科7属,其余未产孢的9株暂归为无孢菌群。采用杯碟法和MTT法分别测定了各菌株的发酵上清液对3种病原菌的体外抑菌活性和2种肿瘤细胞的体外细胞毒活性。结果表明,白木香木质部健康部位内生真菌以枝顶孢霉属为优势属,而树脂形成部位的内生真菌种类比健康部位要多,且以青霉属为优势属。其中26株至少能抑制一种指示菌,占总数的61．9％;7株对指示瘤株具有细胞毒活性,占总数的16．7％。抑菌活性菌株主要分布在枝顶孢霉属和青霉属。枝顶孢霉属菌株抑菌活性较强,其抗菌活性成分值得进一步研究。     

濒危植物七子花内生真菌的分离鉴定及抗菌活性筛选

首先从濒危植物七子花中分离到38株内生真菌,综合运用形态特征和分子生物学技术,明确其分类地位。38株植物内生真菌分属于6个属和1个无孢子群,其中交链孢属和刺盘孢属为优势菌群,葡萄座腔菌属、镰刀菌属、赤霉菌属、拟茎点霉属和无孢子群为常见属。以大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为靶标菌对获得菌株发酵液粗提物进行抑菌试验,发现95%以上的菌株对试测细菌具有一定的抗菌活性,表明七子花内生真菌的抗菌活性十分普遍;其中QZHⅡ10对大肠埃希菌具有较好的抑菌活性,抑菌圈直径为12.0 mm;而QZHⅡ07则对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性较强,抑菌圈达到15.5 mm。这表明七子花内生真菌具有开发为微生物源杀菌剂的价值。     

虎杖内生真菌的分离及产抗菌活性物质的筛选

从植物虎杖(Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb.et Zucc.)的根状茎中分离出24株内生真菌,分别对其液体发酵液进行抗菌活性检测,结果筛选出3株内生真菌具有抗菌活性,它们分别属于曲霉属、青霉属和无孢菌类。     

云南程海湖淡水真菌抗菌活性筛选

从云南程海湖分离到473株淡水真菌,用滤纸片法测定其抗菌活性,活性菌株经显微形态观察进行分类鉴定。结果显示有290株菌对至少1种病原菌具有抗菌活性,占总菌株数的61.31%;高抗菌活性菌株59株(抑菌圈直径≥15 mm),占总菌株的12.47%。将具有抗菌活性的菌株鉴定为46个属,优势属为青霉属(Penicillium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)和枝孢属(Cladosporium)。     

杜仲内生真菌的多样性分析及其抗植物病原真菌的活性

以河南郑州和江苏徐州采集到的杜仲为材料,采用纯培养方法对杜仲内生真菌进行分离。将分离纯化得到的90株真菌通过形态学鉴定并进行多样性分析,90株内生真菌分别属于13个属,其中茎点霉属(Phoma)和链格孢属(Alternaria)为优势菌群,分别占总菌株数的18%和16%;其次为黑孢属(Nigrospora)和枝孢属(Cladosporium),均占总菌株数的10%。用平板对峙法对分离得到的杜仲内生真菌进行抗植物病原真菌实验,发现有18个菌株对至少一种病原真菌具有明显的拮抗作用。通过比色法进行内生真菌产IAA(吲哚乙酸)定性实验,结果显示,有37株真菌具有产IAA能力,通过分光光度法对这37株真菌进行产IAA定量实验,发现有8株有较好的产IAA活性。     

安徽黄山红豆杉内生真菌多样性与生态分布

为了了解红豆杉Taxus chinensis内生真菌的种类及分布特点,通过采样,分离,培养与鉴定,对安徽黄山红豆杉内生真菌的群落结构及生态分布进行了研究.结果共分离出14属107株内生真菌,其中青霉属Penicillium,曲霉属Aspergillus,交链孢属Alternaria和拟青霉属Paecilomyces为优势种群.同时内生真菌的多样性具有组织专一性,以根和皮中分布较多,分别是分离菌株总数的37.38%和26.17%.     

黄花倒水莲内生真菌生物活性评价及HNLF-44菌株鉴定

为充分开发黄花倒水莲(Polygala fallax)的内生真菌资源，获得具有抗植物病原真菌、抗氧化活性的内生真菌，该文以黄花倒水莲内生真菌为研究对象，使用平板对峙法检测内生真菌对6种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性，测定内生真菌发酵液的DPPH清除自由基能力和总还原能力，评价内生真菌的抗氧化活性，并对具有强抑菌活性和抗氧化活性的菌株进行形态和ITS鉴定。结果表明：(1)黄花倒水莲内生真菌中有2株内生真菌对香蕉专化尖孢镰刀菌、柑橘树脂病菌、叶点霉菌、香蕉具条叶斑病菌、茄病镰刀菌、三七根腐病菌具有明显的抑菌活性，抑菌率在50.3%～91.4%之间，其中HNLF-5对柑橘树脂病菌的抑菌率为73.2%,HNLF-44对香蕉专化尖孢镰刀菌抑菌率为91.4%。(2)内生真菌发酵液具有良好的抗氧化活性，DPPH清除率均在80%以上，总还原能力吸光值范围为0.279 2～0.748 8。(3)HNLF-44菌株为链格孢属真菌。该研究表明，药用植物黄花倒水莲内生真菌具有较好的生物活性，为后续从黄花倒水莲内生真菌中挖掘潜在新型抑菌活性和抗氧化活性物质奠定了基础。     

杜仲叶绿原酸的提取，分离和鉴定

杜仲叶绿原酸的提取、分离和鉴定＠戚向阳＠张声华￥华中农业大学食品科学系杜仲叶;绿原酸;提取;鉴定杜仲叶绿原酸的提取、分离和鉴定戚向阳张声华（华中农业大学食品科学系,武汉４３００７０）Ｔｈｅｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎ,ｉｓｏｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔ...     

杜仲叶林枝木醋液化学成分及抑菌活性研究

以杜仲叶林枝木为原料,采用干馏法,分90℃~200℃、200℃~340℃和340℃~520℃共3个温度段收集杜仲叶林枝木粗木醋液,经过静置、活性炭粉吸附焦油处理等过程得到精制木醋液,然后对所得木醋液的理化性质和抑菌活性进行了研究,并对抑菌活性最强的木醋液的化学成分进行了GC/MS分析。结果表明:(1)杜仲叶林枝木醋液产生的温度范围为90℃~520℃,其中200℃~340℃段产量最大、pH值最低、有机酸含量最高、抑菌能力也最强。(2)GC/MS分析表明,温度段为200℃~340℃的木醋液中约含有42种化合物,主要为酚类、酸类、酮类和醛类等,其中酚类化合物含量最高,占总量的46.81%,其次为有机酸类物质。初步分析确定木醋液抑菌活性成分为酚类物质。     

大花黄牡丹内生菌的分离鉴定及其抗菌活性菌株的筛选

采用研磨法从健康大花黄牡丹的根、茎、叶柄、叶和种子中进行菌种分离,依据其形态、培养特征及其他生物学特性对菌株进行初步鉴定;采用平板对峙法对分离的内生菌进行拮抗试验研究,并对强活性菌株进行16S rD-NA序列鉴定,以明确大花黄牡丹内生菌的种类,筛选对农作物病害有抑制作用的菌株.结果表明:(1)获得内生真菌188株,鉴定为10个属,以短蠕孢属(50％)、青霉孢属(18.6％)和曲霉孢属(12.3％)为优势种群.获得内生放线菌145株,以链霉菌属(98.6％)为优势种群.表明大花黄牡丹内生菌在数量和种类上存在极丰富的多样性,同时在不同组织存在一定的差异性.(2)抑菌试验结果显示,21.6％真菌对指示菌有抑菌作用,抑菌圈直径最大为10mm;27.8％放线菌对指示菌有抑菌作用,其中菌株PND31的抑菌活性较强,抑菌谱较广.(3)16S rDNA序列鉴定显示,菌株PND31与链霉菌属聚在一起,初步归为链霉菌属一个种.     

古银杏内生真菌的分离及其抑菌活性

采用组织分离法从古银杏健康组织中分离得到55株内生真菌, 其中28个分离菌株在PDA培养基上不产孢子, 占总分离菌株的50.9%, 其它菌株根据其在PDA培养基上的培养特征, 10株被鉴定为青霉、6株为曲霉、4株为交链孢霉、3株为简梗孢霉, 另外酵母、毛霉、小单头孢霉、镰孢霉各1株。考察内生真菌培养上清对7种受试指示菌的抑制作用, 共筛选得到23株至少对一种指示菌的生长有抑制作用的菌株, 其中11株为不产孢真菌, 占活性菌株的47.83%。对活性最强的一株菌进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定, 将其确定为Xyla     

内生真菌Ⅷ.中国药用植物内生真菌两个新记录种

<正>In a survey of endophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants in Beijing, two new records, Phoma jolyana and Microsphaeropsis conielloides, were isolated from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., Forsythia giraldiana     

Antimicrobial endophytic fungal assemblages inhabiting bark of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Taxus baccata</Emphasis> L. of Indo-Burma mega biodiversity hotspot

Fungal endophytes were isolated from inner bark of Taxus baccata L., an important source of potent anticancer drug taxol. Bark samples were collected from two locations of Arunachal Pradesh, India, part of the Indo-Burma mega biodiversity hotspot, during two seasons i.e. monsoon and winter. Altogether 77 fungal strains representing 18 genera were isolated from T. baccata bark during the present investigation. The colonizing frequency was recorded as 38.5% and the fungal community comprised of 78% of Hyphomycetes, 5.2% of Coelomycetes, 2.6% of Zygomycetes and Ascomycetes and 9.1% of sterile mycelia. Most common and frequently isolated genera were Fusarium, Penicillium and Aspergillus. Simpson and Shannon diversity indices indicated higher species diversity during monsoon than during winter seasons irrespective of the locations. The two locations harbored 5 to 37 endophyte species and the similarity index was low during winter and high during monsoon. Ethyl acetate extract of fermentation cultures of these fungi were tested for their antimicrobial activity against a panel of human pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Fifteen fungal isolates out of the isolated strains displayed antimicrobial activity. An endophytic fungus, identified as Fusarium sp. displayed significant antimicrobial activity against all the test pathogens.     

产杜仲黄酮内生真菌的初步研究

由杜仲植株的根、茎、叶分离到内生真菌,分别对各菌株进行液体培养,筛选能产生与杜仲药材相同或相似黄酮类化合物的内生真菌。将培养物适当处理后,根据黄酮类化合物所特有的颜色反应进行初筛,然后根据TLC分析和紫外-可见光分光光度法测定结果进行复筛,结果从杜仲植株共分离得到44株内生真菌,其中1株(DZY5)能产出与其宿主相同或相似的黄酮类物质。     

Antimicrobial fungal endophytes from the botanical medicine goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis)

The potential of fungal endophytes to alter or contribute to plant chemistry and biology has been the topic of a great deal of recent interest. For plants that are used medicinally, it has been proposed that endophytes might play an important role in biological activity. With this study, we sought to identify antimicrobial fungal endophytes from the medicinal plant goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L., Ranunculaceae), a plant used in traditional medicine to treat infection. A total of 23 fungal cultures were obtained from surface-sterilized samples of H. canadensis roots, leaves and seeds. Eleven secondary metabolites were isolated from these fungal endophytes, five of which had reported antimicrobial activity. Hydrastis canadensis plant material was then analyzed for the presence of fungal metabolites using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolving power mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial compound alternariol monomethyl ether was detected both as a metabolite of the fungal endophyte Alternaria spp. isolated from H. canadensis seeds, and as a component of an extract from the H. canadensis seed material. Notably, fungi of the Alternaria genus were isolated from three separate accessions of H. canadensis plant material collected in a time period spanning 5 years. The concentration of alternariol monomethyl ether (991 mg/kg in dry seed material) was in a similar range to that previously reported for metabolites of ecologically important fungal endophytes. The seed extracts themselves, however, did not possess antimicrobial activity.     

Antimicrobial activity in cultures of endophytic fungi isolated from Garcinia species

The aim of the present study was to screen for antimicrobial activity in endophytic fungi isolated from surface sterilized leaves and branches of five Garcinia plants, G. atroviridis, G. dulcis, G. mangostana, G. nigrolineata and G. scortechinii, found in southern Thailand. Fermentation broths from 377 isolated fungi were tested for antimicrobial activity by the agar diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were obtained for crude ethyl acetate extracts. Seventy isolates (18.6%) displayed antimicrobial activity against at least one pathogenic microorganism, such as Staphylococcus aureus, a clinical isolate of methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. The results revealed that 6-10%, 1-2% and 18% of the crude ethyl acetate extracts inhibited both strains of S. aureus (MIC 32-512 microg mL(-1)), Ca. albicans and Cr. neoformans (MIC 64-200 microg mL(-1)), and Microsporum gypseum (MIC 2-64 microg mL(-1)), respectively. Isolates D15 and M76 displayed the strongest antibacterial activity against both strains of S. aureus. Isolates M76 and N24 displayed strong antifungal activity against M. gypseum. Fungal molecular identification based on internal transcribed spacer rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that isolates D15 (DQ480353), M76 (DQ480360) and N24 (DQ480361) represented Phomopsis sp., Botryosphaeria sp. and an unidentified fungal endophyte, respectively. These results indicate that some endophytic fungi from Garcinia plants are a potential source of antimicrobial agents.