铃兰族的甾体皂甙

铃兰族植物富含甾体皂甙,本文对该族植物中甾体皂甙的化学结构、分布及生物活性进行了综述。     

五种开口箭属植物根状茎中甾体皂甙元的初步研究

薄层层析结果显示五种开口箭属植物根状茎中均含有甾体皂甙和甾体皂甙元,为开口箭属植物作为甾体药物资源提供了依据。     

五种开口箭属植物根状茎中甾体皂甙及甾体皂甙元的初步研究

薄层层析结果显示五种开口箭属植物根状茎中均含有甾体皂甙和甾体皂甙元 ,为开口箭属植物作为甾体药物资源提供了依据。     

蜘蛛抱蛋属中甾体皂甙的分布

在文献资料和实验研究的基础上,本文总结了甾体皂甙在蜘蛛抱蛋属植物中的分布。发现单羟基的薯蓣皂甙元的配糖体一蜘蛛抱蛋皂甙(薯蓣皂甙元-3-O[β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→2)]-[β-D-木吡喃糖基(1→3)]-β-D-葡萄吡哺糖基(1→4)-β-D-半乳吡哺糖甙),广泛存在于所研究过的这些植物中,而且是大部植物根茎的主要皂甙。它是蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的特征化学成分,表明该属是一个自然类群,甾体皂甙对它是有分类学意义的。     

重楼属植物的化学数量分类学研究

重楼属植物是重要的药用植物。从1938年起,国内外科学家对它们的化学成分和药用价值已经进行了40多年的研究。我所从重楼属植物中分离鉴定了16个不同的甾体皂甙。本文利用高压液相色谱对重楼属植物甾体皂甙的定性和定量分析结果,根据L. B. Thien, W. H. Heimermann, R. T. Holman植物化学成分间的数量关系计算公式,对14种重楼的三组甾体皂甙含量进行计算,得出这14种重楼化学成分之间的数量关系,并画出数量关系图。     

蜘蛛抱蛋属中甾体皂甙的分布

在文献资料和实验研究的基础上,本文总结了甾体皂甙在蜘蛛抱蛋属植物中的分布。发现单羟基的薯蓣皂甙元的配糖体—蜘蛛抱蛋皂甙（ 薯蓣皂甙元＿３＿Ｏ［βＤ葡萄吡喃糖基（１ →２）］［βＤ木吡喃糖基（１ →３）］βＤ葡萄吡喃糖基（１ →４）βＤ半乳吡喃糖甙） ,广泛存在于所研究过的这些植物中,而且是大部植物根茎的主要皂甙。它是蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的特征化学成分,表明该属是一个自然类群,甾体皂甙对它是有分类学意义的     

广西蜘蛛抱蛋中一种甾体皂甙定性定量研究

为了进一步开发和利用广西甾体药源植物奠定基础 ,对广西蜘蛛抱蛋 (Aspidistra retusa K.Y.Langet.S.Z.Huang)块茎甾体皂甙化合物进行了提取分离。在分离得化合物中含量最高的甾体皂甙化合物 4经鉴定为 :偏诺甾体四糖皂甙 ,即 pennogenin-3-β-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl[-α-L-rhamno-pyranosyl(1 -2 ) ]-α-L-rham-no-pyanosyl(1 -4 ) -α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 -4 )。该化合物为首次从蜘蛛抱蛋属植物中分离得到。经 HPLC测定其在广西蜘蛛抱蛋中的含量为 1 .5 95 %。     

从制胶后的胡芦巴种子中提取甾体长甙元的研究

胡芦巴为一年生草植物,本文以制胶后的胡芦巴种子剩余物为实验原料,研究了甾体皂甙元的最佳提取工艺路线和工艺。在该工艺条件下的重复试验表明,胡芒巴甾体皂甙元的得率在1.15％以上,熔点大于187.5℃,其中薯蓣皂甙元含量达86.5％,结果具有工业化开发价值。     

天然甾体皂甙化合物的抗肿瘤活性

采用MTT法,以长春新碱(VCR)为阳性对照,研究了6种从菝葜属植物中分离提取的天然甾体皂甙化合物对肝癌SMMC-7721、人宫颈癌HeLa和胃腺癌MGc80-3细胞生长的抑制作用.结果显示;6种甾体皂甙抗肿瘤活性与其化学结构密切相关,对三种癌细胞的抑瘤作用强度相同,抑癌活性的顺序为:薯蓣皂甙>VCR>SQD_4>SQD_3>M_1>SQD_1,甲基原薯蓣皂甙.甾体骨架的差异性是决定这类化合物抗肿瘤活性的主要因素.     

薯蓣皂甙元的气液色谱分析

薯蓣皂甙元(diosgenin)是合成甾体激素药物的重要原料。它主要是从薯蓣属(Dioscorea)植物的根茎中提取的。测定植物材料中薯蓣皂甙元的含量通常采用重量法,操作繁琐费时,样品需量较大,不适宜大量样品的筛选。同时,由于操作条件掌握上的差异,容易造成较大的误差。六十年代以来,气液色谱(GLC)应用于甾体化合     

Pollen Morphology and Epidermal Characters of Leaves in Convallarieae (s. l.)

The tribe Convallarieae (sensu Krause 1930) consists of 7 genera, i.e. Convallaria, Speirantha, Reineckia, Theropogon, Tupistra, Rohdea and Aspidistra, but now generally recognized as two tribes, Convallarieae (the former 4 genera) and Aspidistreae (the rest). Observed in this work were pollen morphology of 17 species and epidermal characters of leaves of 12 species. All the 7 genera are covered in observations. Pollen grains in Convallarieae (s. str.) are all monosulcate and boat-shaped (Plate 1: A-F). The exine is rather uniformly microperforate (Plate 1: A-F); only Theropogon is exceptional in this respect: it has rugulate exine (Plate 1: O, P). Tang and Zhang (1985) have pointed out the heterogeneity of Theropogon in this tribe. Pollen morphology in the tribe Aspidistreae is widely variable. The genera Tupistra and Rohdea were shown to have monosulcate and boat-shaped pollen grains. Their exine is perforate or reticulate (Plate 1: G-N). Pollen grains in the genus Aspidistra, however, are nonaperturate and spheroidal. The exine in the genus varies from crass-rugulate, variously gemmate to tuberculate-baculate (Plate 2; A-H). The pollen morphology of Aspidistra is therefore distinctly different from that of Tupistra and Rohdea, which supports the Nakai's (1936) establishment of the tribe Rohdeae for Tupistra and Rohdea. Therefore, Krause's Convallarieae is reasonably divided into at least three tribes, Convallarieae (Speirantha, Convallaria, Reineckia and Theropogon), Aspidistreae (Aspidistra) and Rohdeae (Rohdea and Tupistra). The pollen characters of all the 7 genera are shown in Table 1. The evolutionary trends of pollen morphology (aperture and exine) in the three tribes are discussed and our major view-points are shown in Fig. 1. Observations on epidermal characters of leaves show that in the Convallarieae (s. 1.) stomatal apparatuses are all anomocytic; cuticular layer on the upper epidermis is mainly striatethickened or rather uniformly thickened (Plate 2: J--P; Plate 3: A-C, F-N), whereas in the genus Convallaria the cuticular layer is squamosely thickened (Plate 2: I; Plate 3: D, E).The epidermal characters of leaves in the 7 genera are summarized in Table 2.     

铃兰族rbcL基因的PCR—RFLP分析

本文用7属9种铃兰族Tribe convallarieae植物的叶绿体DNA中rbcL基因片段的PCR产物的RFLP结果进行聚类分析。结果表明:开口箭属与蜘蛛抱蛋属关系密切,夏须草属与族内其余各属亲缘关系稍远,与外部器官形态、核型和孢粉学资料所得出的结论基本一致。此外,本文对铃兰属的系统位置也进行了讨论。     

Phylogenetic analyses and chromosome evolution in Convallarieae (Ruscaceae sensu lato), with some taxonomic treatments

The tribe Convallarieae, comprising 10 genera and 95 species, has recently been transferred from its own family to Ruscaceae sensu lato. In this study, sequence data from trnK and rbcL were analyzed for 19 species in 8 genera, and chromosome morphology was analyzed for 17 species in 7 genera. The parsimony analysis of trnK and rbcL sequences showed that Convallarieae are monophyletic. Although early branches did not receive strong bootstrap support, Convallaria diverged at the first branch, followed by Speirantha. The rest of the tribe was split into three, well-supported clades: one with Reineckea, the second with Campylandra and Rohdea, and the third with Tupistra, Tricalistra, and Aspidistra. Two monotypic genera, Rohdea and Tricalistra, were embedded in a clade of Campylandra and of Tupistra, respectively. Three karyotypes were distinguished in the tribe on the basis of the basic number and morphology of metaphase chromosomes: Convallaria type (with x=19 and unimodal chromosome length), Tupistra type (with x=19 and trimodal chromosome length), and Aspidistra-elatior type (with x=18 and trimodal chromosome length). The character-state distribution in the molecular tree showed that the Convallaria type is plesiomorphic, from which was derived the Tupistra type and subsequently the Aspidistra-elatior type. Taxonomic treatments to transfer Campylandra to Rohdea and Tricalistra to Tupistra are also given.     

Systematics of Ruscaceae/Convallariaceae: a combined morphological and molecular investigation

This paper discusses the intrafamilial systematics of Ruscaccae sensu lata by means of a combined molecular-morphological analysis. Ruscaceae sensu lata (including former Con-vallariaceae. Dracaenaceae and Nolinaccac, as well as Comospermum and Eriospermum ) represent a well-supported clade in other molecular analyses and are further linked by the absence of phytomclan in the seed coat. Within this clade there is an unusual lack of sequence divergence for such a morphologically varied group of taxa, but the combined morphological-molecular analysis indicates some groupings: (1) Eriospermum , (2) Comospermum , (3) nolinoids (former Nolinaceac) plus Ophiopogon and Liriope (Ophiopogonae, excluding Peliosanthes ), (4) dracaenoids (former Dracaenaceae), (5; Polygonatae and (6) a clade comprising Convallarieac (including Aspidistra ) and the ruscoids (Ruscaccae sensu stricto ) plus Peliosanthes. In the morphological analysis Peliosanthes is embedded in Convallarieae, and in the molecular analysis it is sister to all other Ruscaceae except Eriospermum: in neither case does it fall with Ophiopogon and Liriope (Ophiopogonae), with which it was traditionally placed. Peliosanthes has several characters in common with some Convallarieae, e.g. filaments fused into a column surrounding the gynoecium, and a thick, fleshy corona with the stigma more or less filling the narrow floral opening. On the other hand, there arc also some notable differences, such as in karyotype, leaf anatomy, pollen morphology and nectaries. Since there is a considerable range of morphological variation in the taxon currently designated as Peliosanthes. more taxonomic work is needed to establish the monophyly of this genus before there can be confidence in its relationships within Ruscaccae sensu lata.     

白穗花有性器官与胚胎发育形态的研究

利用石蜡切片技术对白穗花（Speirantha gardenii（Hook.）Baill.）胚胎发育过程进行了显微观察。研究结果表明：白穗花具四室花药,腺质绒毡层;小孢子母细胞减数分裂为连续型,四分体主要为左右对称型,偶有直线型、T型和交互对生型;成熟花粉为二细胞型;子房三室,中轴胎座;倒生胚珠,双珠被,厚珠心型,珠孔由内珠被形成;胚囊的发育为蓼型;胚的发育类型为柳叶菜型,核型胚乳。根据已有的胚胎学资料,比较白穗花和铃兰族（Convallarieae）其它植物的胚胎学特征,结果显示：（1）白穗花属（Speirantha Baker）与蜘蛛抱蛋属（Aspidistra Ker-Gawler）的胚胎学特征更为接近,二者可能起源于共同的祖先;（2）夏须草属（Theropogon Maxim.）是铃兰族的异质类群。     

白穗花有性器官与胚胎发育形态的研究

利用石蜡切片技术对白穗花(Speirantha gardenii (Hook.) Baill.)胚胎发育过程进行了显微观察。研究结果表明: 白穗 花具四室花药, 腺质绒毡层; 小孢子母细胞减数分裂为连续型, 四分体主要为左右对称型, 偶有直线型、T型和交互对生型; 成熟花粉为二细胞型; 子房三室, 中轴胎座; 倒生胚珠, 双珠被, 厚珠心型, 珠孔由内珠被形成; 胚囊的发育为蓼型; 胚的发育类型为柳叶菜型, 核型胚乳。根据已有的胚胎学资料, 比较白穗花和铃兰族(Convallarieae)其它植物的胚胎学特征, 结果显示: (1) 白穗花属(Speirantha Baker)与蜘蛛抱蛋属(Aspidistra Ker-Gawler)的胚胎学特征更为接近, 二者可能起源于共同的祖先; (2) 夏须草属(Theropogon Maxim.)是铃兰族的异质类群。     

Molecular systematic studies on the tribe Polygonateae (s. l.) in China based on RFLPs data of PCR-amplified chloroplast DNA fragments

Phylogenetic relationships in the tribe Polygonateae s. l. of Liliaceae were investigated with an RFLP analysis of two PCR-amplified chloroplast genome DNA fragments. One fragment is the transfer RNA gene for lysine( trnK gene) including the maturase-encoding gene matK, and the other is the rpl16 gene which codes for a chloroplast ribosomal protein in large subunit. The trnK gene is ca. 2600 bp in length in all the taxa, but the rpl16 gene ranges from ca. 1140 bp to ca. 1320 bp in length among different genera and in Polygonatum. The results suggested that the tribe Polygonateae s. str. consisting of Polygonatum, Disporopsis, Smilacina and Maianthemum is closely related to Convallaria in Convallarieae, and supported the earlier results that Streptopus and Disporum should be removed out from the tribe Polygonateae s. l.. The results also showed that Polygonatum formed a clad with Disporopsis, while Smilacina lumped with Maianthemum in the tribe Polygonateae s. str.. In addition, the present study supports the view that S. ginfoshanicumshould be transferred from Smilacina to Polygonatum.     

叶绿体DNA片段的RFLP分析在黄精族系统学研究中的应用

对广义百合科黄精族6属23种及铃兰族1属1种的叶绿体基因组trnK和rpl16两个基因片段进 行了PCR-RFLP分析,结果表明：trnK基因的PCR产物在各类群间几乎不存在长度变异,均约2600bp,而rpl16基因则在各属之间及黄精属内表现出长度变异,变异范围在1140~1320bp之间;限制性酶切位点的同源性分析显示,黄精属、竹根七属、鹿药属和舞鹤草属构成的狭义黄精族与铃兰族中的铃兰属有较近的亲缘关系,并支持将扭柄花属和万寿竹属从广义百合科黄精族中分出的观点;在狭义黄精族内,黄精属与竹根七属聚成一支,鹿药属与舞鹤草属聚成另一支,为探讨族内属间的系统演化关系提供了分子生物学方面的证据。另外,本研究结果支持将金佛山黄精从鹿药属转隶至黄精属的观点。