Cloning and sequence analysis of adrenodoxin reductase cDNA from bovine adrenal cortex

cDNA clones for bovine adrenodoxin reductase were isolated, and the primary structure of the enzyme precursor was deduced from their nucleotide sequences. The precursor consists of 492 amino acids including an extrapeptide of 32 amino acids at the amino terminus. The extrapeptide is hydrophilic [corrected] and rich in arginine. The amino terminal sequence of the precursor is homologous with that of the adrenodoxin precursor. A possible FAD- or NADPH-binding site is present near the amino terminus of the mature enzyme.     

Characterization of multiple forms of carbonyl reductase from chicken liver.

Three enzyme forms (CR1, CR2 and CR3) of carbonyl reductase were purified from chicken liver with using 4-benzoylpyridine as a substrate. CR1 was a dimeric enzyme composed of two identical 25-kD subunits. CR2 and CR3 were monomeric enzymes whose molecular weights were both 32 kD. CR1 exhibited 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity as well as carbonyl reductase activity in the presence of both NADP(H) and NAD(H). CR2 and CR3 had similar properties with regard to substrate specificity and inhibitor sensitivity. They could exhibit the activity only with NADPH and had no hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. CR2 and CR3 cross-reacted with anti-chicken kidney carbonyl reductase antibody, though CR1 did not. The results suggest that CR1 is a hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and CR2 and CR3 are similar to each other and to the kidney enzymes.     

Chicken muscle aldose reductase: purification, properties and relationship to other chicken aldo/keto reductases

An enzyme that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide range of aromatic and hydroxy-aliphatic aldehydes was purified from chicken breast muscle. This enzyme shares many properties with mammalian aldose reductases including molecular weight, relative substrate specificity, Michaelis constants, an inhibitor specificity. Therefore, it seems appropriate to call this enzyme an aldose reductase (EC 1.1.1.21). Chicken muscle aldose reductase appears to be kinetically identical to an aldose reductase that has been purified from chicken kidney (Hara et al., Eur. J. Biochem. 133, 207-214) and to hen muscle L-glycol dehydrogenase (Bernado et al., Biochim. biophys. Acta 659, 189-198). The association of this aldose reductase with muscular dystrophy in the chick is discussed.     

Cloning and sequence analysis of a cDNA encoding ferric leghemoglobin reductase from soybean nodules.

A cDNA encoding soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr) ferric leghemoglobin reductase (FLbR), an enzyme that is postulated to play an important role in maintaining leghemoglobin in its functional ferrous state, has been cloned and characterized. A group of highly degenerate oligonucleotides deduced from the N-terminal amino acid sequence of FLbR was used to prime the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on soybean nodule mRNA and cDNA. A full-length clone of FLbR cDNA was isolated by screening a lambda gt11 soybean nodule cDNA library using the specific PCR-amplified FLbR cDNA fragment as a probe. The cDNA contained about 1.8 kb and had a coding sequence for 523 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 55,729 D, which included a putative 30-residue signal peptide and a 493-residue mature protein. Computer-aided analysis of the deduced FLbR amino acid sequence showed considerable homology (varied from 20-50% with enzymes and species) to dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (EC 1.8.1.4), glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2), mercuric reductase (EC 1.16.1.1), and trypanothione reductase (EC 1.6.4.8) in a superfamily of pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductases from various organisms. Northern blot analysis using FLbR cDNA as a probe showed that the FLbR gene was expressed in soybean nodules, leaves, roots, and stems, with a greater level of expression in nodules and leaves than in roots and stems. Southern blot analysis of the genomic DNA showed the presence of two homologous FLbR genes in the soybean genome.     

Isolation of proteins with carbonyl reductase activity and prostaglandin-9-ketoreductase activity from chicken kidney

Kidney has the greatest capacity among the tissues of chicken for reducing aromatic ketones, and two ketone reductases were separated from this tissue by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and isolated. Though both are monomeric proteins with a molecular weight of 29,500, and with similar amino acid compositions and immunological properties, they differ in their pI values. The two enzyme species show no apparent difference in catalytic properties; aromatic ketones, aldehydes and quinones are reduced at high rates and alicyclic ketones such as 3-ketosteroids and prostaglandin E2 at low rates. The substrate affinity for several representative substrates at pH 7.2 is higher than that at the optimal pH of 6.3. Both enzymes prefer NADPH to NADH as a cofactor. Low NADP+-dependent reverse reactions occur with 9- and 15-hydroxyprostaglandins and certain alcohols as substrates. The enzymes show similar sensitivities to heavy metal ions, SH-reagents, quercitrin, indomethacin, and FMN.     

沼泽红假单胞菌Rhodopseudomonas palustris 2-8的亚硝酸盐还原酶基因克隆和序列分析

沼泽红假单胞菌2-8具有亚硝酸盐还原能力, 根据不同类型亚硝酸盐还原酶保守序列设计引物, 通过PCR扩增的方法对2-8菌株的亚硝酸盐还原酶类型进行鉴定, 发现该菌株的亚硝酸盐还原酶为Cu型亚硝酸盐还原酶。从2-8菌株基因组中克隆出编码该Cu型亚硝酸盐还原酶的基因(nirK), 该基因由1 154个碱基对组成, 在GenBank数据库的登录号为GU332847, 与沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE和CGA009) 的nirK序列相似性为90%。互联网数据库及生物信     

Cloning of DNA fragments complementary to tobacco nitrate reductase mRNA and encoding epitopes common to the nitrate reductases from higher plants

Messenger RNAs encoding the nitrate reductase apoenzyme from tobacco can be translated in a cell-free system. Poly(A)+ mRNA fractions from the 23-32 S area of a sucrose gradient were used to build a cDNA library in the expression vector gt11 with an efficiency of cloning of approximately 10(4) recombinants/ng mRNA. Recombinant clones were screened with a rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against the corn nitrate reductase, which cross reacts specifically with the nitrate reductases from dicotyledons. Among 240000 recombinant plaques, eight clones were isolated containing inserts of sizes ranging from 1.6 kb to 2.1 kb and sharing sequence homologies. Seven of these clones contained a common internal 1.6 kb EcoRI fragment. The identity of these clones was confirmed as follows. A fusion protein of 170 kDa inducible by IPTG and recognized by the rabbit nitrate reductase antibody was expressed by a lysogen derived from one of the recombinants. The antibodies binding the fused protein were eluted and shown to be inhibitory to the catalytic activity of tobacco nitrate reductase. Two monoclonal antibodies directed against nitrate reductase were also able to bind the hybrid protein. The 1.6 kb EcoRI fragment was sequenced by the method of Sanger. The open reading frame corresponding to a translational fusion with the -galactosidase coding sequence of the vector shared strong homology at the amino acid level with the heme-binding domain of proteins of the cytochrome b5 superfamily and with human erythrocyte cytochrome b5 reductase. When the 1.6 kb EcoRI fragment was used as a probe for Northern blot experiments a signal corresponding to a 3.5 kb RNA was detected in tobacco and in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia mRNA preparations but no cross-hybridization with corn mRNAs was detected. The probe hybridized with low copy number sequences in genomic blots of tobacco DNA.     

Dihydrofolate reductase from Lactobacillus casei: N-terminal sequence and comparison with the substrate binding region of other reductases.

We report the N-terminal amino acid sequence of dihydrofolate reductase from a methotrexate-resistant strain of $\text{Lactobacillus casei}$. The data is correlated with a nuclear magnetic resonance study of enzyme-substrate interaction, and sequence comparison with two other reductases reveals fourteen positions of sequence identity. The sequence given is based upon mass spectrometric evidence, and represents part of a study involving the first major use of mass spectrometry in sequencing a protein of unknown structure in the absence of a concurrent classical strategy.     

Effect of NADP+ and its analogs on the Rose Bengal-sensitized photoinactivation of D-erythrulose reductase from beef liver.

Upon addition of NADP+, the rose bengal-sensitized photoinactivation of D-erythrulose reductase from beef liver is prevented to a remarkable extent. Adenosine 2',5'-diphosphate (2',5'-ADP) also has a protective effect, but to a lesser extent. On the other hand, 2'-AMP markedly enhances the photoinactivation. Other nucleotides which have no 2'-phosphoryl group, such as NAD+, 3'-AMP, 5'-AMP, ADP, and NMN, are ineffective. Further, only 2'-AMP derivatives (NADP+, 2',5'-ADP, and 2'-AMP) among these nucleotides were found to be potent competitive inhibitors of the enzyme with small Ki's (6--13 muM). Photooxidation of some methionine residues in the enzyme is prevented by the addition of NADP+ and accelerated in the presence of 2'-AMP. Photooxidation products(s) of 2'-AMP derivatives have no effect upon the enzymatic activity. Although NADP+ and 2'-AMP induce detectable conformational changes of the enzyme, the changes are not characteristic to the compounds. Based on these observations, we present a possible action mechanism of 2'-AMP derivatives on the photoinactivation of D-erythrulose reductase.     

Cloning and bacterial expression of monomeric short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (carbonyl reductase) from CHO-K1 cells.

Mammalian carbonyl reductase (EC 1.1.1.184) is an enzyme that can catalyze the reduction of many carbonyl compounds, using NAD(P)H. We isolated a cDNA of carbonyl reductase (CHO-CR) from CHO-K1 cells which was 1208 bp long, including a poly(A) tail, and contained an 831-bp ORF. The deduced amino-acid sequence of 277 residues contained a typical motif for NADP+-binding (TGxxxGxG) and an SDR active site motif (S-Y-K). CHO-CR closely resembles mammalian carbonyl reductases with 71-73% identity. CHO-CR cDNA had the highest similarity to human CBR3 with 86% identity. Using the pET-28a expression vector, recombinant CHO-CR (rCHO-CR) was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells and purified with a Ni2+-affinity resin to homogeneity with a 35% yield. rCHO-CR had broad substrate specificity towards xenobiotic carbonyl compounds. RT-PCR of Chinese hamster tissues suggest that CHO-CR is highly expressed in kidney, testis, brain, heart, liver, uterus and ovary. Southern blotting analysis indicated the complexity of the Chinese hamster carbonyl reductase gene.     

茶树HMG-CoA还原酶基因全长cDNA克隆及序列分析

香气是茶叶的重要品质之一,萜类物质不仅香气好,而且沸点普遍较高,是构成茶叶香气的重要物质基础,决定着茶叶的香气品质,也可作为茶叶香型划分的依据。在植物中,倍半萜、多萜醇等通过胞质中的甲瓦龙酸(MVA)途径合成。HMG-Co A还原酶(HMGR)催化HMG-Co A(3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A)生成甲瓦龙酸,是依赖MVA萜类合成途径的关键限速反应。为了有助于理解茶树萜类合成的分子遗传机制,通过RACE-PCR方法从茶树中克隆了一个编码HMG-Co A还原酶的c DNA全长序列(命名为Cs HMGR1),该序列由1 979 bp组成,包含一个1 722 bp的完整开放阅读框,编码573个氨基酸。其推定的编码蛋白与橡胶树、旱莲木、人参、荔枝、西洋参、丹参、罗汉果及龙眼的同源蛋白具有80%~82%的序列一致性。利用Cs HMGR1和其它物种HMGR同源蛋白的催化区域构建系统发育树,表明其属于真核生物I类HMGR家族。结构分析表明,Cs HMGR1含有两个跨膜区,推测其与其它真核生物同源蛋白类似地定位于内质网上;含有两个HMG-Co A结合位点、两个NADPH结合位点、四个保守的催化活性残基及一个磷酸化位点,说明磷酸化/去磷酸化很可能也是其活性调节的重要方式。表达分析表明,Cs HMGR1在"大叶龙"叶芽、母株叶芽及花芽都有较强的表达。其表达调控及生理活性对茶叶品质可能有重要影响,并在其功能解析的基础上,有可能作为茶叶品质鉴定及育种的一个依据。     

The purification and properties of NADPH-dependent carbonyl reductases from rat ovary

Two carbonyl reductases have been highly purified from rat ovary to apparent homogeneity. Though they have similarities in terms of molecular weight (33,000), substrate specificities, inhibitor sensitivities, amino acid composition, and immunological properties, they differed in pI values (6.0 and 5.9). Both enzymes reduced aromatic aldehydes, ketones, and quinones at higher rates, compared to prostaglandins and 3-ketosteroids, whereas they showed higher affinity for prostaglandins and 3-ketosteroids. The enzymes also catalyzed oxidation of the 9-hydroxy group of prostaglandin F2 alpha. Moreover, they showed the remarkable characteristic of catalyzing the reduction of not only the 9-keto group of prostaglandin E2 but also the 15-keto group of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha. Both enzymes were inhibited by SH-reagents, quercitrin, indomethacin, furosemide, and disulfiram. The results of immunoinhibition, using antibody against the purified enzymes, indicated that the enzymes were solely responsible for the overall catalytic activities of prostaglandin E series reduction, as well as 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha reduction and prostaglandin F2 alpha oxidation in rat ovarian cytosol. Western-blot analysis revealed that immunoreactive proteins were present in adrenal gland and various reproductive tissues except uterus of rats.     

小胸鳖甲热激蛋白基因(Mphsp70)的克隆、序列分析及温度对其表达的影响

采用RACE-PCR技术,从荒漠甲虫小胸鳖甲Microdera punctipennis Kaszab克隆hsp70基因全长cDNA序列,命名为Mphsp70。测序结果表明,序列全长2207bp,该序列覆盖了完整编码区,编码647个氨基酸,分子量大小为70.69ku,理论等电点为5.57(GenBank登录号JF421286.1)。此序列包含142bp的5'端非翻译区和124bp的含有多聚腺苷酸信号序列AATAAA和poly A尾的3'端非翻译区以及1941bp的开放阅读框。该基因无内含子,符合诱导型Hsp70的特征。经BLAST检索分析,由Mphsp70的核苷酸序列推定的氨基酸序列与已知的光滑鳖甲Hsp70高度同源,同源性高达97.22%。通过荧光定量RT-PCR技术研究昆虫受到高温胁迫时该基因的表达,结果表明:经37℃和42℃处理昆虫1h后诱导昆虫体内hsp70的表达,其表达量分别为对照组(25℃)的21.57倍和389.3倍,随着处理时间的延长,表达量降低。该研究结果为深入研究小胸鳖甲的抗逆机理提供了新的思路。     

Isolation and primary structural analysis of two conjugated polyketone reductases from Candida parapsilosis

Two conjugated polyketone reductases (CPRs) were isolated from Candida parapsilosis IFO 0708. The primary structures of CPRs (C1 and C2) were analyzed by amino acid sequencing. The amino acid sequences of both enzymes had high similarity to those of several proteins of the aldo-keto-reductase (AKR) superfamily. However, several amino acid residues in the putative active sites of AKRs were not conserved in CPRs-C1 and -C2.     

Cloning and sequence analysis of the human liver rhodanese: comparison with the bovine and chicken enzymes

The cDNA for the human rhodanese (thiosulfate: cyanide sulfurtransferase, EC 2.8.1.1), a nuclearly encoded protein of the mitochondrial matrix, was isolated from a human fetal liver cDNA library. Nucleotide sequence revealed an open reading frame coding for a polypeptide of 295 amino acids, which presented a 57% and 58% identity with the bovine and avian rhodanese, respectively. The analysis of the 5'-ends of the coding region gave no evidence for the presence of a cleavable signal sequence as found in other mitochondrial proteins. A comparison with two available amino acid sequences (cow and chicken) showed that sequence similarity is not restricted to the alpha-helices and beta-structures motifs which are remarkably superimposable in the two halves of bovine rhodanese, but extends to adjacent regions.     

Cloning and sequence analysis of complementary DNA encoding a precursor for chicken natriuretic peptide

Chicken -natriuretic peptide (-chNP) has been identified in chicken heart, which showed higher homology to brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) than to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) [1]. Complementary DNA (cDNA) clone encoding a chNP precursor (pre-chNP) precursor (pre-chNP) was isolated from cardiac cDNA library and sequenced. Pre-chNP was 140-residue signal peptide at the N-terminus and -chNP at the C-terminus, and did not exhibit high homology to poreine BNP except for the C-terminal region. However, a characteristic AT-rich nucleotide sequence commonly found in mammalian BNPs was also present in the 3′-untranslated region. Thus, chNP is concluded to be classified into the BNP-type     

Cloning and sequence analysis of the LPD-glc structural gene of Pseudomonas putida.

Pseudomonas putida is able to produce three lipoamide dehydrogenases: (i) LPD-glc, which is the E3 component of the pyruvate and 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes and the L-factor for the glycine oxidation system; (ii) LPD-val, which is the specific E3 component of the branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase complex and is induced by growth on leucine, isoleucine, or valine; and (iii) LPD-3, which was discovered in a lpdG mutant and whose role is unknown. Southern hybridization with an oligonucleotide probe encoding the highly conserved redox-active site produced three bands corresponding to the genes encoding these three lipoamide dehydrogenases. The complete structural gene for LPD-glc, lpdG, was isolated, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The latter consists of 476 codons plus a stop codon, TAA. The structural gene for LPD-glc is preceded by a partial open reading frame with strong similarity to the E2 component of 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli. This suggests that lpdG is part of the 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase operon. LPD-glc was expressed in Pseudomonas putida JS348 from pHP4 which contains a partial open reading frame corresponding to the E2 component, 94 bases of noncoding DNA, and the structural gene for lpdG. This result indicates that lpdG can be expressed separately from the other genes of the operon.     

DNAMAT: an efficient graphic matrix sequence homology algorithm and its application to structural analysis

We present a fast algorithm to produce a graphic matrix representationof sequence homology. The algorithm is based on lexicographicalordering of fragments. It preserves most of the options of asimple naive algorithm with a significant increase in speed.This algorithm was the basis for a program, called DNAMAT, thathas been extensively tested during the last three years at theWeizmann Institute of Science and has proven to be very useful.In addition we suggest a way to extend our approach to analysea series of related DNA or RNA sequences, in order to determinecertain common structural features. The analysis is done by‘summing’ a set of dot-matrices to produce an overallmatrix that displays structural elements common to most of thesequences. We give an example of this procedure by analysingtRNA sequences. Received on June 26, 1986; accepted on September 28, 1986     

Cloning, nucleotide sequence and structural analysis of the Clostridium acetobutylicum dnaJ gene

Abstract The complete dnaJ gene of Clostridium acetobutylicum was isolated by chromosome walking using the previously cloned 5' end of the gene as a probe. Nucleotide sequencing of a positively reacting 2.2-kb Hin cII fragment, contained in the recombinant plasmid pKG4, revealed that the reading frame of the dnaJ gene of C. acetobutylicum consists of 1125 bp, encoding a protein of 374 amino acids with a calculated M _r of 40376 and an isoelectric points of 9.54. The deduced amino acid sequence showed high similarity to the DnaJ proteins of other bacteria (e.g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis ) as well as of an archaeon ( Methanosarcina mazei ) and to the corresponding proteins of eukaryotes ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Homo sapiens ). The areas of similarity included a conserved N-terminal domain of about 70 amino acids, a glycine-rich region of about 30 residues, and a central domain containing four repeats of a CXXCXGXG motif, whereas the C-terminal domain was less conserved. Northern (RNA) blot analysis indicated that dnaJ is induced by heat shock and that it is part of the dnaK operon of C. acetobutylicum . The 5' end (901 bp) of another gene ( orfB ), downstream of dnaJ and not heat-inducible, showed no significant similarity to other sequences available in EMBL and GenBank databases.