铁过载对大鼠骨髓及肝脾组织的影响

目的:通过腹腔注射右旋糖酐铁建立铁过载大鼠模型,观察过量补铁对大鼠骨髓及肝脾组织的影响。方法:雄性Wistar大鼠40只随机分为:正常对照组、低剂量铁组、中剂量铁组和高剂量铁组。经隔日腹腔注射每次分别给予右旋糖酐铁0.9 mg、0.3 mg、9mg、18 mg,共干预6周。观察各组大鼠的生长发育状况并检测相关指标。结果:四组大鼠白细胞计数、红细胞计数、血红蛋白浓度以及血小板计数差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。骨髓外铁含量分析,中、高剂量铁组大鼠骨髓基质中均出现不同程度的铁蓄积,骨髓细胞外铁含量均显著高于正常对照组(P0.05)。与正常对照组比较,中、高剂量铁组大鼠肝脏系数分别升高52%和148%(P0.05),脾脏系数分别升高56%和100%(P0.05)。与正常对照组比较,中、高剂量铁组大鼠肝组织铁分别升高154%和303%(P0.05),脾组织铁分别升高40%和127%(P0.05),血清铁含量分别升高35%和165%(P0.05)。结论:过量补铁(腹腔给药)可使大鼠骨髓基质出现铁沉积,肝脏和脾脏脏器系数及其组织铁含量显著增加,导致铁在机体内过量蓄积。因此临床铁补充应防止过量长期用药。     

不同注射途径的脂肪间充质干细胞对大鼠肠炎疗效的实验研究

目的探讨脂肪间充质干细胞(ADMSCs)腹腔及静脉注射对三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)诱导肠炎疗效的影响。方法将32只大鼠完全随机分成正常组、腹腔注射组、静脉注射组及模型组,每组8只。用TNBS诱导炎症性肠病(IBD)动物模型,腹腔及静脉注入ADMSCs,记录大鼠的疾病活动指数(DAI)、观察结肠宏观损伤及微观变化、测定结肠的髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性、检测结肠Ki-67^+细胞的表达、比较血液中IL-1β、TNF-α浓度及结肠TGF-β、IL-6、IL-17A、IL-10的基因表达水平。采用单因素方差分析及独立t检验进行统计学分析。结果 ADMSCs腹腔注射组(98.05±0.63)g高于静脉注射组[(94.32±0.48)g,t=12.281,P=0.000],同时腹腔注射组DAI评分1.71±0.75低于静脉注射组3.57±0.97,(t=-3.980,P=0.002)。另外发现腹腔注射组结肠组织内髓过氧化物酶MPO浓度(95.75±5.52)U/g低于静脉注射组(74.37±5.12)U/g,(t=-7.513,P=0.000),腹腔注射组结肠病理评分2.14±0.69低于静脉注射组3.57±0.76,(t=-3.612,P=0.004)。结肠免疫荧光检查发现腹腔注射组比静脉注射组有更多的Ki-67^+细胞。酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)发现腹腔注射组血浆中IL-1β的浓度(130.71±7.08)pg/ml比静脉注射组(163±9.09)pg/ml低,(t=-8.518,P=0.000),同样腹腔注射组血浆中TNF-α的浓度(201.71±6.75)pg/ml也比静脉注射组(242.28±8.30)pg/ml低,(t=-10.033,P=0.000)。此外,结肠组织实时定量聚合酶联反应(RT-qPCR)的结果显示腹腔注射组IL-6 mRNA的表达4.34±0.48比静脉注射低6.15±1.05,(t=-4.147,P=0.001),腹腔注射组IL-17A mRNA的表达2.61±0.53也比静脉注射低3.57±0.46,(t=-4.301,P=0.001)。然而,腹腔注射组IL-10 mRNA的表达水平37.75±4.46比静脉注射组高27.68±2.25,(t=5.327,P=0.001),腹腔注射组TGF-β mRNA的表达水平15.82±0.99也比静脉注射组高11.97±2.25,(t=3.740,P=0.003)。结论 ADMSCs腹腔注射优于静脉注射并可能成为ADMSCs治疗IBD的较好选择。     

高脂高铁致大鼠肝纤维化模型的初探

目的验证铁是否能够加速大鼠肝脏纤维化的进程。方法大鼠分为对照组、高脂组、高铁组、高脂高铁组、高脂去铁组,每组24只。分别自由摄取普通饲料和高脂饲料的同时,高铁组、高脂高铁组大鼠隔天肌注右旋糖酐铁50 mg/kg;高脂去铁组大鼠处死前一个月尾静脉注射甲磺酸去铁铵30 mg/kg,3次/周;干预第4、5、6月分别选取8只大鼠,检测透明质酸(hyaluronic acid,HA)、Ⅳ型胶原(collagen type IV,COL-IV)、层粘连蛋白(laminin,LN)、III型前胶原(procollagen III,PC III);Masson染色观测肝脏病理改变。结果干预第5个月高脂高铁组HA水平高于对照组与高脂组;第6个月高脂高铁组COL-IV、LN水平高于高脂组,干预第6月高脂高铁组血清PC III水平达到高脂饲料组的1.63倍。第6个月高脂高铁组肝脏标本Massom染色见显著的胶原沉积,但其他组未见胶原沉积。结论铁可加速高脂所致的大鼠肝脏纤维化进程。     

黄芪注射液的急性毒性和长期毒性试验

目的:测定黄芪注射液急性毒性和长期毒性反应.方法:小鼠静脉注射和腹腔注射黄芪注射液的急性毒性,大鼠腹腔注射黄芪注射液6 g/kg(d,14 g/kg(d和33g/kg(d的长期毒性(30 d).结果:黄芪注射液小鼠静脉注射和腹腔注射LD50分别为90.39g/kg和108.11g/kg,其95%可信限分别为87.57～93.31g/kg和102.90～113.58g/kg;大鼠连续注射30 d后,摄食量增加,体重增长一致,尿常规,血液学和血液生化测定指标均在正常范围,脏器系数和病理学检查无异常.结论:黄芪注射液对受试动物未见有明显急性和长期毒性作用.     

灵芝多糖对AD大鼠海马组织c-fos基因表达的影响

目的研究灵芝多糖(GLP)对AD大鼠组织c-fos基因表达的影响。方法双侧海马内一次性注射β-淀粉样多肽25-35片段(Aβ25-35)制作大鼠AD模型,24h后治疗组用灵芝多糖给予腹腔注射7d,第8d进行Morris水迷宫检测大鼠空间学习记忆能力变化。结束后采用HE染色检测海马神经元的结构变化,免疫组织化学方法检测c-fos基因的表达以及灵芝多糖对其的影响。结果海马内注射Aβ25-35后海马细胞增生、聚集、核边聚、脆裂。GLP组病变则显著减轻,且c-fos基因表达相对AD模型组明显减少。结论灵芝多糖能明显改善AD模型大鼠低下的空间学习记忆能力,显著降低模型大鼠海马组织c-fos基因的表达,对老年性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力可能有增强和提高作用。     

多种认知障碍的危险因素对高血压大鼠脑组织病理形态和铁含量的影响

目的 观察高脂、高盐、高糖饲料等多种危险因素结合高血压大鼠(SHR)造成认知障碍复合模型大鼠的脑组织病理形态和铁沉积的变化。方法 14周龄SPF级大鼠，每组8只，正常对照组(同遗传背景WKY大鼠，WKY组),SHR大鼠随机分4组：对照组(SHRs组)、高脂组(HFAT-SHRs组)、高盐组(HSAIL-SHRs组)、高糖-脂组(DM-SHRs组，同时给予1%的链脲佐菌素腹腔注射，以血糖含量检测在11.1 mmol/L以上作为糖尿病模型标准),WKY组和SHRs组予普通饲料，模型组分别予高脂、高盐和高糖饲料，干预32周。检测大鼠血清及脑组织铁含量的变化、光镜下观察大鼠脑组织病理形态和亚铁含量(普鲁士蓝染色)变化，ELISA法检测大鼠炎症因子水平、胆碱能水平和β-AP的含量。结果 与WKY组比较，各模型组大鼠脑组织存在细胞排列紊乱，细胞核固缩，尼氏小体减少或消失的情况，铁染色显示铁的面积增加，以DM-SHRs组更为显著；SHRs组与3个模型组大鼠乙酰胆碱(ACh)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)水平降低，白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平升高(P<0.05,P&...     

三种药物对大鼠糖尿病性白内障延缓效应的比较

目的验证腹腔注射葡萄糖能否成功建立大鼠糖性白内障模型,并且探讨黄芩苷点眼、牛磺酸点眼、牛磺酸腹腔注射以及Vc腹腔注射对大鼠糖性白内障的延缓效应及短期治疗作用。方法按照雄鼠每次2.5mL,雌鼠2 mL剂量注射30%葡萄糖生理盐水建立大鼠糖性白内障模型,给药同期进行,点眼每日2次,腹腔注射每日1次。从注射葡萄糖第3天开始对各组晶状体进行裂隙灯检查,并定期测定体重、饮食量等相关指标。结果实验结果表明葡萄糖腹腔注射第3天即可使大鼠晶状体出现空泡现象。各组药物的延缓效应与短期治疗效应相同,依次为牛磺酸注射、黄芩苷点眼、牛磺酸点眼以及Vc注射。结论 30%葡萄糖腹腔注射能快速建立大鼠糖性白内障模型,且比半乳糖注射建模成本低,成模率高。4%牛磺酸腹腔注射以及0.1%黄芩苷在预防和治疗大鼠糖性白内障方面效果显著。     

黑木耳多糖对内毒素诱导急性肾脏损伤的保护作用及机制研究

目的:探讨黑木耳多糖对内毒素(LPS)诱导大鼠急性肾损害的保护效应及可能机制。方法:健康雄性SD大鼠,分为正常对照组、LPS组和黑木耳多糖组(LPS+黑木耳多糖)。根据分组,分别于复制模型前7 d给予生理盐水或1%黑木耳多糖(15 m L/kg)预防性灌胃。第8 d腹腔注射生理盐水或LPS(8 mg/kg),造模12 h后,通过腹主动脉采血检测血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)水平,取肾脏制备匀浆检测肾组织中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)水平。结果:用黑木耳多糖干预后,大鼠血清中BUN、Cr水平均显著低于LPS组(P0.05);LPS组MDA含量较正常对照组增高,SOD、T-AOC水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);黑木耳多糖组MDA含量较LPS组降低,SOD、T-AOC水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:黑木耳多糖能显著提高内毒素血症大鼠的抗氧化能力,对肾脏组织有保护作用。     

红托竹荪多糖对砷中毒大鼠肺损伤的影响

探讨红托竹荪多糖(Dictyophora rubrovalvata polysaccharide, DRP)对砷中毒大鼠肺组织损伤的影响。将SD大鼠(sprague dawley, SD)分为对照组(喂饲普通饲料)、砷染毒组(喂饲50 mg/kg染砷饲料)和红托竹荪多糖组(喂饲50mg/kg染砷饲料,在第4个月同时给与10mg/mL红托竹荪多糖溶液灌胃),每组10只,雌雄各半。4个月后,检测大鼠肺组织砷和血砷含量,对肺组织进行病理学观察,并测定大鼠肺组织超氧化物歧化酶(superoxidedismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)的活性和含量。砷染毒组的肺组织砷和血砷含量显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);红托竹荪多糖组的肺组织砷和血砷含量低于砷染毒组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。病理学观察发现,砷染毒组大鼠肺组织肺泡间隔明显增宽,局部肺泡融合,大量炎性细胞浸润;红托竹荪多糖组大鼠肺组织肺泡壁厚度变薄,肺组织中浸润的炎症细胞减少。砷染毒组与对照组相比,肺组织中的SOD、GSH...     

梓醇对鱼藤酮损伤小鼠的记忆、抗氧化能力的影响及安全性评价

目的:研究梓醇对鱼藤酮损伤小鼠的学习记忆能力及皮层抗氧化系统的影响,并对其安全性进行评价.方法:腹腔注射鱼藤酮建立小鼠皮层抗氧化系统损伤模型,腹腔注射给药21 d后进行Y迷宫试验,再测定各组小鼠皮层谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)、丙二酫(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平;梓醇安全性评价采取小鼠急性毒性试验和大鼠长期毒性试验.结果:梓醇能够改善小鼠的迷宫成绩,增强GSH-PX活性和GSH含量,降低GST活性和MDA含量,抑制LDH的释放.小鼠腹腔注射给药梓醇的LD50为206.5mg/kg.;大鼠尾静脉注射90天,未见动物出现血液学、血液生化及主要脏器的毒性变化.结论:梓醇能改善鱼藤酮损伤小鼠的记忆能力,减轻皮层氧化应激损伤;长期使用无明显的毒副作用.     

A calcium channel blocker flunarizine attenuates the neurotoxic effects of iron

Iron is a metal highly concentrated in liver and brain tissue, and known to induce neuronal hyperactivity and oxidative stress. It has been established that iron levels rise in the brain in some neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases (AD). A body of evidence indicates a link between neuronal death and intracellular excessive calcium accumulation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a calcium antagonist, flunarizine, on neurotoxicity induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) iron injection. For this reason rats were divided into three groups as control, iron and iron+flunarizine groups. Animals in iron and iron+flunarizine groups received i.c.v. FeCl₃ injection (200 mM, 2.5 μl), while control rats received the same amount of saline into the cerebral ventricles. Rats in iron+flunarizine group also received i.c.v. flunarizine (1 μM, 2 μl) following FeCl₃ injection. All animals were kept alive for ten days following the operation and animals in iron+flunarizine group received intraperitoneal (i.p.) flunarizine injections once a day (10 mg/kg/day) during this period. After ten days, rats were sacrificed. The total numbers of neurons in hippocampus of all rats were estimated with the latest, unbiased stereological techniques. Findings of the present study suggest that flunarizine may attenuate the neurotoxic effects of iron injection by inhibiting the cellular influx of excessive calcium ions.     

Gender- and androgen-related influence on the expression of proto-oncogene and apoptotic factor mRNAs in lacrimal glands of autoimmune and non-autoimmune mice

Our previous studies have shown that the mRNA levels of c-myb, c-myc, bcl-2 and p53 are higher, and partial Fas antigen (i.e. exons 1-2) lower, in lacrimal tissues of female, as compared to male, MRL/lpr mice, which are a model of Sj?gren's syndrome. We have also found that this gender-related difference in bcl-2 and c-myb expression appears to be due to the influence of androgens. To extend these findings, we sought to determine: first, whether these gender- and/or hormone-associated variations in mRNA content are unique to MRL/lpr mice, or are also present in lacrimal glands of other murine strains, including autoimmune NZB/NZW F1 (F1) and non-obese diabetic (NOD), as well as non-autoimmune C3H/HeJ (C3H) and BALB/c, mice; and second, whether the levels of these apoptotic factor mRNAs are altered in lacrimal tissues of mice (i.e. testicular feminized (Tfm) with dysfunctional androgen receptors, as compared to glandular amounts in their 'normal' controls (i.e. Tabby). Lacrimal tissues were obtained from adult mice, which were either untreated or treated with placebo or testosterone for 21 days. Glands were processed for the analysis of proto-oncogene mRNAs by RT-PCR (at exponential phase of amplification) and data were standardized to the corresponding levels of beta-actin mRNA. Our results demonstrate that Fas antigen, Fas ligand, c-myb, c-myc, bcl-2, Bax and p53 mRNAs are present in lacrimal tissues of F1, NOD, C3H, BALB/c, Tabby and Tfm mice. The relative levels of Fas antigen mRNA are consistently higher in glands of males, whereas amounts of bcl-2 mRNA are greater in tissues of F1, C3H and BALB/c females. Testosterone administration induced a significant increase in the lacrimal gland content of Bax mRNA, but a striking decrease in the lacrimal tissue level of bcl-2 mRNA in F1 and C3H mice. Lacrimal glands of Tfm mice contained elevated amounts of bcl-2 mRNA, as compared to values in tissues of their Tabby controls. In summary, our findings show that fundamental gender-related differences exist in the expression of genes associated with programmed cell death in lacrimal glands of autoimmune and normal mice. In addition, some of these differences may be due, at least in part, to the effect of androgens.     

Anatomy of the major lacrimal gland of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

The major lacrimal gland of rhesus monkeys is impalpable within the fatty connective tissue of the upper lateral quadrant of the orbit. Acini of the lacrimal glands are composed of both sparsely and heavily granulated cells that histochemically resemble serous acinar cells of the submandibular salivary gland. The cytoplasmic granules are strongly periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive, and some are also stained by alcian blue for acidic mucosubstances. The lacrimal gland has a simple duct system of intralobular ducts and interlobular excretory ducts. Lymphocytes and plasma cells are common in the periductal stroma. Major lacrimal glands of rhesus monkeys are suitable for comparative and correlative studies of lacrimal and salivary diseases and radiation responses.     

Melatonin in the lacrimal gland: first demonstration and experimental manipulation

NAT, HIOMT and melatonin are described in the extra-orbital lacrimal glands. The extra-orbital lacrimal glands of female Syrian hamsters contain higher NAT activity and melatonin levels than those in male glands, while male glands have higher HIOMT activity. Castration did not change melatonin in the lacrimal glands, although NAT and HIOMT activities were altered. The exposure of female hamsters to light in the morning (0600h) was associated with a reduction in both NAT activity and melatonin levels. Porphyrins were not detected in the lacrimal glands of either male or female hamsters.     

Influence of gender and the endocrine environment on the distribution of androgen receptors in the lacrimal gland

Androgens are known to regulate both the structure and function of lacrimal tissue in a variety of species. To explore the endocrine basis for this hormone action, the following study was designed to: (1) determine the cellular distribution of androgen receptors in the lacrimal gland; and (2) examine the influence of gender and the endocrine environment on the glandular content of these binding sites. Lacrimal glands were obtained from intact, castrated, hypophysectomized, diabetic or sham-operated male or female adult rats, mice or hamsters, as well as from orchiectomized rats exposed to placebo compounds or physiological levels of testosterone. The cellular of androgen receptors was evaluated by utilizing an immunoperoxidase protocol, in which a purified rabbit polyclonal antibody to the rat androgen receptor was used as the first antibody. Our findings with lacrimal glands showed that: (1) androgen receptors are located almost exclusively in nuclei of epithelial cells; (2) the cellular distribution or intranuclear density of these binding sites is far more extensive in glands of males, as compared to females; (3) orchiectomy or hypophysectomy, but not sham-surgery or diabetes, lead to a dramatic reduction in the immunocytochemical expression of androgen receptors; and (4) testosterone administration to orchiectomized rats induces a marked increase in androgen receptor content, relative to that in placebo-exposed glands. Our results also reveal that a 10 kb androgen receptor mRNA exists in the rat lacrimal gland. Overall, these findings demonstrate that gender and the endocrine system may significantly influence the distribution of androgen binding sites in rat lacrimal tissue. Moreover, our results show that androgens up-regulate their own lacrimal gland receptors.     

MUC16 in the lacrimal apparatus

The aim of the present study was to determine the possible expression of the mucin MUC16 in the lacrimal apparatus. Expression and distribution of MUC16 in lacrimal gland, accessory lacrimal glands, and nasolacrimal ducts was monitored by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. MUC16 was expressed and detected in all tissues investigated. Comparable to conjunctiva and cornea it was membrane-anchored in accessory lacrimal glands whereas in lacrimal gland acinar cells and columnar cells of the nasolacrimal ducts it was stored in intracytoplasmic vesicles without membrane-association. Subepithelial serous glands of the nasolacrimal ducts revealed staining of the secretion product. Intracelluar production of MUC16 is present in lacrimal gland and epithelial cells of the nasolacrimal ducts but it is not clear whether this MUC16 is secreted. MUC16 seems to be shedded or secreted from the epithelial surface of subepithelial serous glands of the nasolacrimal ducts. Our results show that MUC16 is present in the whole lacrimal apparatus. Its distribution pattern suggests different physiological functions with regard to tear film physiology and tear outflow. Moreover, the results demonstrate the existence of so far not recognized qualitative differences in the secretion product of main lacrimal gland and accessory lacrimal glands (glands of Krause).     

Effects of bromadiolone on some organs and tissues (liver, kidney, spleen, blood) of coypu (Myocastor coypus)

Bromadiolone damaged the erythrocytes, resulting in a probable saturation of transferrin, a deposit of iron in the connective tissue and in a few cells of the proximal tubules of the kidneys and an increased storage of ferritin in the spleen. In the hepatocytes, mitochondria were distorted, their lipid inclusions being granular; a large depletion of glycogen may be considered a reflection of an elevated phosphorylase a ascribable to the proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. In the kidneys, pyelonephritis may be irrelevant to the poisoning of the animals. Bromine could not be detected using microanalytical methods.     

Microstructure of the eye tunics,eyelids and ocular glands of the Sulawesi bear cuscus (Ailurops ursinus Temminck, 1824) (Phalangeridae: Marsupialia) based on anatomical,histological and histochemical studies

This study described the anatomy, histology and the histochemical analysis of the eye tunics, the upper and lower eyelid, the third eyelid, the lacrimal gland and the superficial gland of the third eyelid in adult Sulawesi bear cuscus. The eyeball and the eyelids with the orbital glands were harvested immediately post-mortem. The eyeball in the Sulawesi bear cuscus had a sphere-like shape. The pupil was round, and the lens was a circular biconvex body. There was neither tapetum lucidum nor Harderian gland. Similarly, there were no eyelashes in the lower eyelid. The lymphoid follicles and the high endothelial venules (HEV) were found in the lymphoid region only in the third eyelid and in the connective tissue of the superficial gland of the third eyelid. The third eyelid in the bear cuscus resembled the letter “T.” The lacrimal gland and superficial gland of the third eyelid were multilobar tubuloacinar glands. The histological analysis and histochemical studies showed that the lacrimal gland in the Sulawesi bear cuscus produced a mucoserous secretion with predominantly serous cells. In contrast, the superficial gland of the third eyelid produced a serous secretion with a single acinus mucous in character.     

Iron metabolism in iron-deficient male quail

1. Male quails submitted 20 and 120 days to a low iron diet (7 ppm) were compared to female laying quails, exposed for 30 days to the same low iron regime, in order to compare the response of the iron metabolic control under a single (erythropoiesis) or a doubled (erythropoiesis and egg formation) iron demand. 2. Iron deposit in storage organs, the classical hematology and the intestinal iron absorption were analyzed in these animals. 3. In males, after 120 days, the iron deposits were reduced 50 and 75%, but hematological values (hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration) were normal, although in laying quails, after 30 days, an anemic condition was evident in both blood parameters and iron deposits, provoking an iron deficient erythropoiesis. 4. The enhancement of the intestinal iron uptake, confirms the anemic character of these birds.     

Severe focal sialadenitis and dacryoadenitis in NZM2328 mice induced by MCMV: a novel model for human Sjögren's syndrome

The genetic and environmental factors that control the development of Sj?gren's syndrome, an autoimmune disease mainly involving the salivary and lacrimal glands, are poorly understood. Viruses which infect the glands may act as a trigger for disease. The ability of sialotropic murine CMV (MCMV) to induce acute and chronic glandular disease was characterized in an autoimmune-prone mouse strain, NZM2328. MCMV levels were detectable in the salivary and lacrimal glands 14-28 days after i.p. infection and correlated with acute inflammation in the submandibular gland. After latency, virus was undetectable in the glands by PCR. At this stage, NZM2328 female mice developed severe chronic periductal inflammation in both submandibular and lacrimal glands in contrast to the much milder infiltrates found in female B6-lpr and male NZM2328. The focal infiltrates consisted of CD4+ and B220+ cells as opposed to diffuse CD4+, CD8+, and B220+ cells during acute infection. Salivary gland functional studies revealed a gender-specific progressive loss of secretory function between days 90 and 125 postinfection. Latent MCMV infection did not significantly affect the low incidence of autoantibodies to Ro/SSA and La/SSB Ags in NZM2328 mice. However, reactivities to other salivary and lacrimal gland proteins were readily detected. MCMV infection did not significantly alter the spontaneous onset of kidney disease in NZM2328. Thus, chronic inflammation induced by MCMV with decreased secretory function in NZM2328 mice resembles the disease manifestations of human Sj?gren's syndrome.