三叶肽：从结构到功能

三叶结构域是一段由38－39个氨基酸组成的多肽序列,其中包含6个高度保守的半胱氨酸残基,这6个半胱氨酸残基以1－5,2－4,3－6的交联方式形成三对二硫,窝囊鑫肽链折叠成特征性的三叶结构。已发现的哺乳动物三叶肽有三种：pS1、SP及ITF。三叶肽通常位于消化道腔面的粘膜层,具有保护和修复功能,在维持粘膜的完整性中发挥着重要作用。     

虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素Ⅴ的二硫键定位分析

虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素Ⅴ是从虎纹捕鸟蛛毒液中分离得到的一种昆虫毒素.它含有35个氨基酸残基,其中6个半胱氨酸形成三对二硫键.首先采用多酶将天然的肽链裂解后,通过MALDI-TOF质谱分析酶解肽段,推断出1对二硫键位于Cys9-Cys21,然后利用改进的部分还原分步测序法,确定虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素Ⅴ的另外2对二硫键的配对方式为Cys2-Cys16和Cys15-Cys28.因此,虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素Ⅴ的3对二硫键分别以Cys2-Cys16,Cys9-Cys21,Cys15-Cys28（即1-4、2-5和3-6）的方式配对.     

虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素V的二硫键定位分析

虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素V是从虎纹捕鸟蛛毒液中分离得到的一种昆虫毒素．它含有35个氨基酸残基,其中6个半胱氨酸形成三对二硫键．首先采用多酶将天然的肽链裂解后,通过MALDI-TOF质谱分析酶解肽段,推断出1对二硫键位于Cys9-Cys21,然后利用改进的部分还原分步测序法,确定虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素V的另外2对二硫键的配对方式为Cys2-Cysl6和Cys15-Cys28．因此,虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素V的3对二硫键分别以Cys2-Cys16,Cys9一Cys21,Cys15一Cys28(即1-4、2-5和3-6)的方式配对．     

三叶因子:从实验室研究到临床医学

三叶因子（trefoil factor, TFF）家族是具有一个或多个三叶因子结构域的蛋白质多肽,在进化上具有高度的保守性,具有耐热、耐酶消化的理化特性。哺乳动物的TFF有三个成员(TFF1、TFF2和TFF3)。黏膜组织,如胃肠道和呼吸道黏膜等是TFF的主要合成场所。生理条件下,TFF的分布具有组织专一性,具有黏膜保护和创伤修复作用。TFF在肿瘤组织中广泛表达,在肿瘤的发生、发展、侵袭、转移过程中发挥着重要作用,可能是癌基因在对不同刺激做出反应时的共有递质。TFF生物学功能存在一个复杂的调控过程,单链TFF可通过膜受体而激活相关信号通路,TFF也可以通过与其它蛋白质的结合而协同发挥作用。TFF在临床医学领域主要运用在黏膜保护、黏膜损伤相关疾病的预防和治疗及肿瘤病理的诊断与干预等方面。TFF的作用机制和功能行使相关信号通路仍然是目前研究的重点,TFF与βγ-晶状体蛋白天然复合物的发现有助于对TFF的进一步认识和深入研究。     

2型糖尿病患者血清三叶因子3、磷酸酪氨酸衔接蛋白1水平与肾功能及炎症反应的关系研究

目的:探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清三叶因子3(TFF3)、磷酸酪氨酸衔接蛋白1(APPL1)水平,并分析其与肾功能及炎症反应之间的关系。方法:选择2017年1月至2019年1月期间我院收治的T2DM患者168例,根据尿白蛋白/肌酐比率(UACR)将患者分为正常白蛋白尿组(UACR30 mg/g,n=79)、微量白蛋白尿组(30 mg/g≤UACR≤300 mg/g,n=65)和大量白蛋白尿组(UACR300 mg/g,n=24),另选择同期行体检的健康志愿者57例作为对照组。对比四组受试者血清TFF3、APPL1水平、肾功能指标[血尿素(UREA)、血肌酐(Scr)、胱抑素C(Cys C)和肾小球滤过率(GFR)]及炎症指标[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)及单核细胞趋化因子1(MCP-1)]变化,Pearson相关分析血清TFF3、APPL1水平与肾功能指标及炎症因子的相关性。结果:四组受试者血清TFF3、APPL1、肾功能指标、TNF-α、IL-6及MCP-1之间的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,T2DM患者血清TFF3、APPL1、UREA、Scr、Cys C、TNF-α、IL-6及MCP-1水平均明显升高,而GFR显著下降,且差异均具有统计学意义(PP0.05);不同UACR水平的T2DM患者血清TFF3、APPL1、肾功能指标、TNF-α、IL-6及MCP-1之间的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);Pearson相关分析结果显示,T2DM患者血清TFF3、APPL1分别与UREA、Scr、Cys C、TNF-α、IL-6、MCP-1呈正相关(P0.05),与GFR呈负相关(P0.05),但是与IL-10无相关性(P0.05)。结论:血清TFF3和APPL1可能通过影响肾功能及炎症反应而影响T2DM的发生及发展,可能作为T2DM临床诊断的生物学指标,为T2DM的治疗提供新靶点。     

过氧化物氧还蛋白家族的功能及调节机制

过氧化物氧还蛋白(peroxiredoxin,Prx)家族是细胞中一类高丰度蛋白质,作为过氧化物酶对维持体内过氧化氢水平发挥着重要的作用,并且通过调控蛋白激酶的氧化还原状态参与细胞信号转导调控过程。Prx家族根据其参与催化反应的半胱氨酸残基数目分为典型双半胱氨酸型(2-Cys)、非典型双半胱氨酸型(atypical 2-Cys)和单半胱氨酸型(1-Cys)。Prx的活性受到寡聚化状态、磷酸化以及蛋白质水解的调控。     

幽门螺旋杆菌肿瘤坏死因子α诱导蛋白活性分子的构建、结晶及初步晶体学研究

幽门螺旋杆菌中的肿瘤坏死因子α诱导蛋白(Tipα)被鉴定为幽门螺旋杆菌致病感染中的新型致癌因子.Tipα通过NF-κB的激活诱导肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的大量表达,从而促使宿主的炎症反应以及肿瘤发生、发展的进程.Tipα的同源二聚体为其发挥生物学功能的活性形式,此二聚体以两个单体间N端半胱氨酸形成的二硫键(Cys25-Cys25与Cys27-Cys27)共价连接.Tipα(25-192)的基因克隆至载体pET22b中,并且在大肠杆菌菌株BL21(DE3)中以可溶形式高水平表达.重组蛋白经过Ni2+金属亲和层析、阳离子交换层析和凝胶阻滞层析进行分离纯化.Tipα蛋白样品分别通过悬滴和microbatch的方法进行结晶搜索和优化.母体和硒代晶体分别衍射到2.2和2.6,均属于C2空间群,并且具有相似的晶胞参数.母体晶体的晶胞参数为a=127.01,b=47.57,c=96.5,α=γ=90°,β=127.5°.     

中国南海新α芋螺毒素Mr1.8的合成及二硫键测定

目的:采用固相方法合成新型α4/7芋螺毒素Mr1.8(PECCTHPACHVSNPELC-NH2),并测定其折叠后的二硫键配对方式。方法:采用Fmoc-固相法合成线性肽Mr1.8,通过空气氧化折叠获得含二硫键的折叠产物,利用两步折叠法测定其二硫键连接方式。结果:Mr1.8线性肽经折叠生成2种产物Ⅰ和Ⅱ,质谱和二硫键分析结果显示Mr1.8-Ⅱ为正确折叠产物,其二硫键框架为(Cys1-Cys3,Cys2-Cys4)。结论:Mr1.8是一种新的α4/7型芋螺毒素,其一种主要折叠产物的二硫键框架为(Cys1-Cys3,Cys2-Cys4)。     

玉米过氧化物还原蛋白BAS1的原核表达及其功能研究

植物过氧化物还原蛋白BAS1是巯基依赖的过氧化物酶,通过催化的Cys残基还原过氧化氢,依赖NADPH的叶绿体硫氧还蛋白还原酶保持BAS1的还原态。玉米含有两种BAS1:2-Cys PrxA和2-Cys PrxB。利用RT-PCR方法从玉米幼叶中克隆了编码成熟2-Cys PrxA的基因,并将蛋白Cys34残基突变成Ser34。SDS-PAGE显示纯化的野生型和突变体蛋白为一条主带,分子量约为23kDa;体外蛋白结合实验表明纯化的叶绿体硫氧还蛋白还原酶通过分子间二硫键结合纯化的2Cys PrxA的C34S突变体,非还原SDS-PAGE显示纯化的野生型2Cys PrxA含有分子间二硫键组成的二体,而纯化的C34S突变体呈现单体,巯基专一性标记化合物AMS修饰及活性分析表明纯化的BAS1还原态是催化还原过氧化氢所所必须的,它由硫氧还蛋白还原酶及其辅酶NADPH所催化。     

三叶因子3的研究

三叶因子 3 (ｔｒｅｆｏｉｌｆａｃｔｏｒ 3 ,ＴＦＦ3 )是一种胃肠道粘膜修复因子 ,1 991年在大鼠ｃＤＮＡ文库中第一次被克隆 ,它由 60个氨基酸组成 ,分子中含有 7个Ｃｙｓ ,其中有 6个Ｃｙｓ以Ｃｙｓ1 Ｃｙｓ5 、Ｃｙｓ2 Ｃｙｓ4、Ｃｙｓ3 Ｃｙｓ6 的形式构成二硫键 ,形成一个状似叶片的紧凑结构 ,因而最初命名为小肠三叶因子 (ｉｎｔｅｓｔｉｎａｌｔｒｅｆｏｉｌｆａｃ ｔｏｒ,ＩＴＦ) [1] 。哺乳动物中有 3种三叶因子 ,分别为含有一个三叶结构域的乳腺癌相关肽(ＴＦＦ1或ｐＳ2 ) ,含有两个三叶结构域的解痉挛多肽 (ＴＦＦ2或ＳＰ)以及…     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.