Debaryomyces mycophilus sp. nov., a siderophore-dependent yeast isolated from woodlice

Four strains of an ascogenous yeast were isolated from the guts of the woodlice species Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille). This yeast differed from all known yeasts by its inability to grow in culture without the presence of a metabolite produced by some common soil fungi such as Cladosporium cladosporioides, Aspergillus alliaceus, and Penicillium spp. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rDNA and 26S rDNA (domain D1/D2) sequences indicated that the yeast represents a new taxon in the genus Debaryomyces. The new species Debaryomyces mycophilus is thus proposed. It was, furthermore, shown that the fungal metabolite necessary for growth of D. mycophilus did not provide the yeast with carbon, nitrogen or vitamins. The active compound was partially purified and it was shown that it is a siderophore used by the yeast as a source of iron. The addition of ferrichrome or high concentrations of FeCl(3) to growth media replaced the obligate dependence on a fungal metabolite. Symbiosis among fungi, based on the availability and utilization of iron, is an aspect of mycology that has not previously been recognized. The addition of chelated iron to isolation media could lead to the discovery of many unknown yeasts and fungi.     

Debaryomyces singareniensis sp. nov., a novel yeast species isolated from a coal mine soil in India

Three strains (AP19, AP19-4 and AP19-6) of a novel yeast species were isolated from soil from the Singareni coal mines, Andhra Pradesh, India. They were morphologically, physiologically and phylogenetically identical and produced one to four spherical ascospores per ascus. Phylogenetic analysis using the D1/D2 variable domain of the large-subunit rRNA gene indicated that the closest relative of these strains is Debaryomyces etchellsii (2.6% divergence). Other species related to these strains are D. mycophilus (5.1% divergence) and species of the D. hansenii cluster (4.9-5.6% divergence). The novel species differs by 20 and 15 physiological tests from D. etchellsii and D. mycophilus, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region also indicated that strains of the new species are related to D. etchellsii (7.7% divergence), followed by species of the D. hansenii cluster (9-10% divergence). In the small-subunit rRNA gene sequences, they differed from D. etchellsii by seven substitutions and one insertion or deletion of a base in a sequence (indel) and from D. mycophilus by 17 substitutions and 1 indel. The physiological, biochemical and molecular data suggest that these strains belong to a novel species, for which we propose the name Debaryomyces singareniensis sp. nov. The type strain of AP19(T) (=MTCC 7061(T)=CBS 10405(T)). The Mycobank number of the new species is MB510046.     

Cryptococcus yarrowii sp. nov., a novel yeast species from Portugal

A novel species of the basidiomycetous genusCryptococcus is described asCr. yarrowii based on the study of an isolate from a decayed mushroom collected in Portugal. DNA-DNA homology with the type strain of the phenotypically similar speciesCr. albidus was 10±2%.     

Ogataea populialbae sp. nov., a yeast species from white poplar

During a survey of methylotrophic yeasts in natural habitats in Hungary, the yeast community associated with the exudates of white poplar ( Populus alba ) was found to be unique among the tree exudates hitherto investigated. Nineteen methanol-assimilating yeast strains representing an undescribed ascomycetous species were isolated from tree exudates of P. alba collected at different locations in Hungary. Analysis of the D1/D2 large subunit rRNA gene sequences placed the strains in the Ogataea clade and the new species is described as Ogataea populialbae . The type culture is NCAIM Y.01853^T (CBS 11363, NRRL Y-48632).     

Vanderwaltozyma verrucispora sp. nov., a new ascomycetous yeast species

A new yeast species, Vanderwaltozyma verrucispora , is proposed in this study based on two strains isolated from partially decayed leaves in Japan and one strain from soil in Taiwan. The species is characterized by the fermentation of glucose and galactose, formation of one to four spheroidal to ellipsoidal ascospores with warty surfaces in each ascus, and assimilation of a few carbon and nitrogen compounds. Genus assignment and distinction of the species from the other two recognized species of Vanderwaltozyma is based on the morphological and physiological characteristics, and phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene. From these comparisons, the name V. verrucispora sp. nov. is proposed. Sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domains of the LSU rRNA gene reveals that the phylogenetically closest relative of V. verrucispora is Vanderwaltozyma yarrowii . The type strain of the new species, which was isolated from a partially decayed leaf in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, is NBRC 1884^T (=CBS 10887^T=BCRC 23141^T).     

Candida alocasiicola sp. nov., Candida hainanensis sp. nov., Candida heveicola sp. nov. and Candida musiphila sp. nov., novel anamorphic, ascomycetous yeast species isolated from plants

In a taxonomic study on the ascomycetous yeasts isolated from plant materials collected in tropical forests in Yunnan and Hainan Provinces, southern China, four strains isolated from tree sap (YJ2E(T)) and flowers (YF9E(T), YWZH3C(T) and YYF2A(T)) were revealed to represent four undescribed yeast species. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the large subunit (26S) rRNA gene D1/D2 domain sequences showed that strain YJ2E(T) was located in a clade together with Candida haemulonii and C. pseudohaemulonii. Strain YF9E(T) was most closely related to C. azyma and strain YWZH3C(T) to C. sorbophila and C. spandovensis. Strain YYF2A(T) was clustered in a clade containing small-spored Metschnikowia species and related anamorphic Candida species. The new strains differed from their closely related described species by more than 10% mismatches in the D1/D2 domain. No sexual states were observed for the four strains on various sporulation media. The new species are therefore assigned to the genus Candida and described as Candida alocasiicola sp. nov. (type strain, YF9E(T) = AS 2.3484(T) = CBS 10702(T)), Candida hainanensis sp. nov. (type strain, YYF2A(T) = AS 2.3478(T) = CBS 10696(T)), Candida heveicola sp. nov. (type strain, YJ2E(T) = AS 2.3483(T) = CBS 10701(T)) and Candida musiphila sp. nov. (type strain, YWZH3C(T) = AS 2.3479(T) = CBS 10697(T)).     

Spathaspora brasiliensis sp. nov., Spathaspora suhii sp. nov., Spathaspora roraimanensis sp. nov. and Spathaspora xylofermentans sp. nov., four novel d-xylose-fermenting yeast species from Brazilian Amazonian forest

Four new d-xylose fermenting yeast species of the clade Spathaspora were recovered from rotting-wood samples in a region of Amazonian forest, Northern Brazil. Three species produced unconjugated asci with a single elongated ascospore with curved ends. These species are described as Spathaspora brasiliensis, Spathaspora suhii and Spathaspora roraimanensis. Two isolates of an asexually reproducing species belonging to the Spathaspora clade were also obtained and they are described as Spathaspora xylofermentans. All these species are able to ferment d-xylose during aerobic batch growth in rich YP (1 % yeast extract, 2 % peptone and 2 % D-xylose) medium, albeit with differing efficiencies. The type strains are Spathaspora brasiliensis sp. nov UFMG-HMD19.3 (=CBMAI 1425=CBS 12679), Spathaspora suhii sp. nov. UFMG-XMD16.2 (=CBMAI 1426=CBS 12680), Spathaspora roraimanensis sp. nov. UFMG-XMD23.2 (CBMAI 1427=CBS 12681) and Spathaspora xylofermentans sp. nov. UFMG-HMD23.3 (=CBMAI 1428=CBS 12682).     

Kurtzmanomyces insolitus sp. nov., a new anamorphic heterobasidiomycetous yeast species

A new anamorphic heterobasidiomycetous yeast species, Kurtzmanomyces insolitus, is described using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The new species has the salient characteristics of the genus Kurtzmanomyces and, additionally, the ability to produce ballistoconidia. Data derived from comparative micromorphological studies, physiological characterisation, ultrastructure and nucleic acid analyses led to assigning the new species to Kurtzmanomyces rather than to the currently accepted genera of ballistoconidia-forming fungi. An emendation of the genus Kurtzmanomyces is proposed to allow the inclusion of the new species.     

Candida dajiaensis sp. nov., Candida yuanshanicus sp. nov., Candida jianshihensis sp. nov., and Candida sanyiensis sp. nov., four anamorphic, ascomycetous yeast species isolated from soil in Taiwan

Nine anamorphic, ascomycetous yeast strains belonging to the Pichia anomala clade were recovered from forest soil in 2006 in Taiwan. The nine yeast strains represent four novel yeast species based on the sequences of their D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and their physiological characteristics. The scientific names of Candida dajiaensis sp. nov., Candida yuanshanicus sp. nov., Candida jianshihensis sp. nov., and Candida sanyiensis sp. nov. are proposed for these novel yeast species. The type strains are C. dajiaensis SM11S03(T) (=CBS 10590(T)=BCRC 23099(T)), C. yuanshanicus SY3S02(T) (=CBS 10589(T)=BCRC 23100(T)), C. jianshihensis SM8S04(T) (=CBS 10591(T)=BCRC 23096(T)), and C. sanyiensis SA1S06(T) (=CBS 10592(T)=BCRC 23094(T)). Sequence analysis of the D1/D2 of the LSU rRNA gene revealed that the three species, C. dajiaensis, C. yuanshanicus and Pichia onychis, shared a separate branch in the phylogenetic tree, C. jianshihensis is phylogenetically related to Candida ulmi and Pichia alni, and the phylogenetically closest relative of C. sanyiensis is Pichia populi.     

New anamorphic yeast species: Candida infanticola sp. nov., Candida polysorbophila sp. nov., Candida transvaalensis sp. nov. and Trigonopsis californica sp. nov

Three new species of Candida and a new species of Trigonopsis are described based on their recognition from phylogenetic analysis of gene sequences from large subunit ribosomal RNA, ITS1/ITS2 rRNA, mitochondrial small subunit rRNA and cytochrome oxidase II. Candida infanticola sp. nov. (type strain NRRL Y-17858, CBS 7922) was isolated from the ear of an infant in Germany and is closely related to Candida sorbophila. Candida polysorbophila sp. nov. (type strain NRRL Y-27161, CBS 7317) is a member of the Zygoascus clade and was isolated in South Africa as a contaminant from an emulsion of white oil and polysorbate. Candida transvaalensis sp. nov. (type strain NRRL Y-27140, CBS 6663) was obtained from forest litter, the Transvaal, South Africa, and forms an isolated clade with Candida santjacobensis. Trigonopsis californica sp. nov. (type strain NRRL Y-27307, CBS 10351) represents a contaminant from wine in California, and forms a well-supported clade with Trigonopsis cantarellii, Trigonopsis variabilis and Trigonopsis vinaria.     

Cryptococcus foliicola sp. nov. and Cryptococcus taibaiensis sp. nov., novel basidiomycetous yeast species from plant leaves

A molecular taxonomic investigation performed on basidiomycetous yeast strains isolated from plant leaves collected in two areas of China revealed two novel species, Cryptococcus foliicola sp. nov. (type strain HS 23.3(T) = AS 2.2471(T) = CBS 9920(T)) and Cryptococcus taibaiensis sp. nov. (type strain ST 7.9(T) = AS 2.2444(T) = CBS 9919(T)), among the non ballistoconidium-forming strains producing cream-colored colonies. These new species differed markedly from closely related species in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 26S rRNA D1/D2 region sequences. They clustered in a strongly supported clade represented by Cryptococcus victoriae in the Tremellales group in the phylogenetic trees drawn from ITS and D1/D2 sequences.     

Candida sanyaensis sp. nov., an ascomycetous yeast species isolated from soil

Strains representing a novel ascomycetous yeast species, Candida sanyaensis, were isolated from soil samples collected on Hainan Island and Taiwan Island in China. Analysis of the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit (LUS) rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of these strains showed that this species was related to Candida tropicalis and Candida sojae, their closest relatives. C. sanyaensis differed by three substitutions and one gap from C. tropicalis, and by four substitutions and one gap from C. sojae, in the D1/D2 domain sequences. However, the ITS sequences of C. sanyaensis were quite divergent from the latter two species, showing that it is a genetically separate species. The novel strains were also found to have very similar PCR-fingerprinting profiles which were quite distinct from those of C. tropicalis and C. sojae strains. The type strain of C. sanyaensis is HN-26^T (= CICC 1979^T = CBS 12637^T).     

Bensingtonia pseudonaganoensis sp. nov., a novel ballistoconidium-forming yeast species isolated from plant leaves

Among the basidiomycetous yeasts isolated from plant leaves collected in different regions of China, two ballistoconidium-forming strains were revealed to represent an undescribed species of the genus Bensingtonia by conventional, chemotaxonomic and molecular phylogenetic characterization. Sequence analysis of the 26S rDNA D1/D2 domains and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region indicated that the novel species was located in the Agaricostilbum lineage and closely related to Bensingtonia naganoensis and Bensingtonia ciliata, with the former as its closest relative. The name Bensingtonia pseudonaganoensis sp. nov. is proposed (type strain: AS 2.2601^T = CBS 10121^T)     

Fellomyces horovitziae sp. nov., a new basidiomycetous yeast species isolated from aXenasmatella basidiocarp

A new species of the genusFellomyces, F. horovitziae, was isolated from aXenasmatella basidiocarp. It differs from other accepted species in its carbon assimilation pattern, mol% G+C and low DNA-DNA homology. The delimiting characters are discussed and a key to the genus is provided.     

Torulaspora maleeae sp. nov., a novel ascomycetous yeast species from Japan and Thailand

Nine strains of a new Torulaspora species were isolated from natural samples collected in Japan and Thailand including one strain obtained from a leaf of Rhizophora stylosa (NBRC 11061T), one strain from soil (NBRC 11062), six strains from mosses (ST-14, ST-266, ST-510, ST-511, ST-513 and ST-581) and one strain from sediment in mangrove forest (RV-51). On the basis of morphological, biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and the sequence analyses of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) (ITS1-5.8S rRNA gene-ITS2) region, the nine strains were found to represent a single novel species of the genus Torulaspora, which were named Torulaspora maleeae sp. nov. The type strain is NBRC 11061T (BCC 25515T=CBS 10694T). In the phylogenetic trees based on the sequences of the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA gene, T. maleeae showed a close relationship with the five recognized species of the genus Torulaspora, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Torulaspora franciscae, Torulaspora globosa, Torulaspora microellipsoides and Torulaspora pretoriensis. Torulaspora maleeae differed from the five recognized species of the genus Torulaspora by six to 12 nucleotide substitutions (1.1-2.1%) in the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA gene and by 6.4-11.7% nucleotide substitutions in the ITS (ITS1-5.8S rRNA gene-ITS2) region.     

Debaryomyces udenii,sp. nov. (Saccharomycetaceae), a new species from soil

A new, soil-associated species of the genus Debaryomyces, D. udenii, is described. The species is characterized by pusticulate rather than verrucate ascospores, and slowly lytic asci.