星豹蛛求偶和交配行为

以星豹蛛(Pardosa astrigera)为研究对象,在室内对其求偶和交配行为进行了描述。雄蛛"俯卧撑"式动作(push-up)在求偶中具重要作用。交配初期,两侧触肢交替插入;随交配进行,单侧触肢连续插入3~5次后才换另一侧触肢插入,触肢每插入一次,基血囊膨大多次。完整交配一次雄蛛触肢器平均插入次数为29·625。交配前求偶时间、交配持续时间和有效交配时间分别平均为6min、32min25s和11min11s。星豹蛛雄蛛可进行多次交配,而雌蛛一般为单次交配。雌蛛交配状态(是否已经交配)影响其同类相食行为,已交配雌蛛对雄蛛同类相食率显著高于未交配雌蛛对雄蛛同类相食率。     

中国豹蛛属一新种(蜘蛛目:狼蛛科)

记述采自我国海南岛的豹蛛属Pardosa 1新种,针豹蛛P.aciculifera sp.nov.,新种以其独特的外雌器和触肢器而易与本属其它已知种区别。由于其外雌器和触肢器十分独特,目前暂不能将新种归入本属已划定的种组,模式标本存于中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

中国舞蛛属三新种记述（蜘蛛目：狼蛛科）

记述我国舞蛛属Alopecosa3新种,即耳舞蛛A.aurita sp.nov.和纳帕海舞蛛A.nagpag sp.nov.。耳舞蛛A.autita近似于俄氏舞蛛（A.ermolaeji Savelieva,1972）,但本种外雌器中隔宽,其部3／5两侧的生殖板及端站2／5两侧角向中央隆起,而.remolaevi的中隔较窄,基部1／3两侧的生殖板向中央隆起,端部2／3两侧很大部分生殖板隆起.囿氏舞蛛A.hui近似于耳毛舞蛛A.auripilosa(Schenkel,1953 ),二者除在腹部背面班纹上有区别外,前者外雌器中隔大部前缘几科呈直线,触肢器中突脊状突起中央有一个三解形小突起,插入器较宽大;后者外雌器中隔膨大部前缘明显呈波状,触肢器中突脊状突起中央有一钙状小突起,插入器呈窄片状。纳帕海舞蛛A.nagpag雌蛛近似于针舞蛛A.spinata Yu et Song,1988,二者区别在于背甲斑纹、外雌器交配管形状等方面;雄蛛近似于A.alpicola(Simon,1876）,但该种触肢器中突上缘较直,触肢跗节端部粗短,而A.alpicola中突上缘明显呈波浪状,触肢跗节端部较尖长。新种模式标本均保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

中国瘤胸蛛属一新种（蜘蛛目：皿蛛科：微蛛亚科）

本文描述了采自湖北省神农架林区的微蛛亚科瘤胸蛛属Oedothorax一新种:毛丘瘤胸蛛,新种Oedothorax collinus sp.nov.这一新种雄蛛头胸部背侧隆突上生有短毛,触肢胫节多突起。雌蛛外雌器背板略隆起。模式标本保存于白求恩医科大学生物教研室。     

中国云南栅蛛属一新种：蜘蛛目：栅蛛科

本文描述栅蛛属一新种:镰形栅蛛。该新种产自云南省景洪州原始林区小溪边。文内对该新种的鉴別特征均作了简要描述,附有外雌器和触肢器图。     

中国支头蛛属一新种记述：（蜘蛛目：皿蛛科：微蛛亚科）

本文记述中国皿蛛科微蛛亚科支头蛛属一新种－－山去头蛛Ｃａｒａｃｌａｄｕｓ ｍｏｎｔａｎｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,本新种与ｃａｒａｃｌａｄｕｓ ｔｓｕｒｕｓａｋｉｉ Ｓａｉｔｏ,１９８８近似,但雄蛛触肢胫节突起、插入器形状及雌蛛外雌器结构不同。新种模式标本保存于白求恩医科大学生物教研究。     

中国南方拟态蛛的研究（蜘蛛目：拟态蛛科）

本文记述湖南、广西、贵州等省采集的拟态蛛科蜘蛛有9种,其中属于突腹蛛属Ero的2新种,2新记录,补充1种鉴别特征图;拟态蛛属Mimetus 3新种,1新记录。文内对属和种的鉴别特征均有扼要描述,并附有外雌器、外雌器内部结构,触肢器等特征图。     

中国漏斗蛛属蜘蛛六新种（蜘蛛目：漏斗蛛科）

本文记述我国漏斗蛛属六新种:帚状漏斗蛛Agelena scopulata;船形漏斗蛛Agelena cymbiforma;耳形漏斗蛛Agelena otiforma;拟缘漏斗蛛Agelana sublimbata;灰色漏斗蛛Agelena poliosata;桑植漏斗蛛Agelena sangzhien sis。文内对种的鉴别特征均有扼要描述,并绘有外雌器和触肢器鉴别特征图。     

中国树蛛属(蜘蛛目:蟹蛛科)一新种

本文记述蜘蛛目蟹蛛科一新种——新疆树蛛Diaea xinjiangensis sp. nov.。本新种与Diaeadorsata(Fabricius)和D. pictilis(Banks)相近似,但其外雌器和触肢器的构造与后两种有明显区别。     

拟环纹豹蛛雄蛛触肢上黑白相间毛饰物的功能

狼蛛科雄蛛附肢上多样化的饰装往往与求偶行为相偶联,这些特殊的饰装通常被认为是雌性选择的结果。拟环纹豹蛛Pardosa pseudoannulata,属狼蛛科豹蛛属,雄蛛触肢胫节密被白毛,跗舟密被黑毛,具有典型的性二型现象;同时,只有成熟的雄蛛才展现触肢黑白相间的毛饰物。推测拟环纹豹蛛雄蛛触肢这种黑白相间的毛饰物可能在物种识别中具重要作用。在室内我们拟通过涂抹操作对拟环纹豹蛛雄蛛触肢黑白相间毛饰物的功能进行分析。实验分为4组,分别是对照组(A组,雄蛛不做任何处理)、雄蛛触肢白色胫节全部涂成黑色(B组)、雄蛛触肢黑色跗舟全部涂成白色(C组)和雄蛛触肢的黑色跗舟被涂成黑色(D组),然后采用雌雄配对进行求偶交配行为测定。实验结果表明,B组雄蛛的交配成功率显著低于A、C和D组的雄蛛,而后3组雄蛛的交配成功率无显著差异。相反,B组雄蛛被雌蛛相食百分率显著高于其它3组。可见拟环纹豹蛛雄蛛触肢上黑白相间毛饰物,尤其是其胫节上的白色饰物在雌蛛种间识别中起重要作用。     

太湖贡湖湾食物网特征研究

应用稳定性同位素技术(13C和15N)研究了太湖贡湖湾食物网特征, 结果显示由于食物来源变化多样性影响, 导致贡湖的食物网结构和营养级关系变化较为复杂, 贡湖主要生物类群13C、15N值表现出较大的种间差异。消费者13C值从摇蚊幼虫的-32.3到锯齿米虾的-22.1, 其值大小与营养级的关系没有规律性。消费者平均15N值从褶纹冠蚌的10.3到位于顶端间下鳙的19.0, 随营养级位置而升高。群落中所有种类的15N、13C值之间没有相关性(r=0.1835, P0.05), 表明该食物网是非线性食物网。研究结果验证了杂食性生物有机体普遍存在于富营养化的贡湖水域生态系统中, 且13C结果表明, 浮游植物、固着藻类以及沉水植物为贡湖食物网中大多数生物有机体的主要碳源。贡湖食物链长度为4.44营养级。     

泽蛙单倍体细胞RNA含量对胚胎发育和成活的影响

对两栖类单倍体的综合症以及死亡原因,前人有许多不同认识,本文用实验说明,单倍体细胞的RNA含量不及二倍体的一半,并认为,单倍体泽蛙的死亡原因与其细胞中RNA含量不足密切相关。     

三峡库区甘井河水域牧场浮游植物群落结构及水质评价

为了解三峡库区的忠县甘井河段水域牧场生态渔业对水环境的影响, 于2013 年3、6、9 及12 月按季度对该河段4 个站点进行了浮游植物群落结构及水体理化因子的监测, 并采用生物多样性指数法和综合营养状态指数法对水体营养状况进行了评价。结果表明, 该河段浮游植物有7 门93 个属种, 其中绿藻门的物种数最多, 有37 种, 占浮游植物群落总数的39.79%, 其次为硅藻门和蓝藻门, 物种数分别为26 种和13 种,分别占浮游植物群落总数的27.96%和13.98%;浮游植物的年均丰度为757.67104 ind./L, 变化范围(3.065743.99)104 ind./L, 年均生物量为4.40 mg/L, 变化范围0.0317.67 mg/L;水体的年平均透明度为1.18 m, 叶绿素a、总磷、总氮含量分别为8.54 g/L、0.13 mg/L、1.95 mg/L;浮游植物香农多样性指数(H')、均匀度指数(J)年均值分别为2.90 和0.88, 全年综合营养状态指数值为37.5971.86, 由此推断, 甘井河水质属于中污染轻污染状态、中营养型富营养型。在鱼类生长旺季的6 月, 甘井河段养殖区内的水质优于非养殖区, 这可能与养殖区内放养滤食性鱼类有关, 证实了水域牧场没有带来水环境的污染, 反而能提高生物多样性, 在一定程度上改善了水体。       

大别山植物区系及南坡和北坡相关性研究

大别山位于皖、鄂、豫三省交界处,约有维管植物1722种,隶属于199科、697属。大别山植物区系具有下列基本特征:1)植物种类丰富;2)植物区系起源古老;3)大别山特有成分较多;4)地理成分复杂;5)区系过渡性明显。本文通过比较分析方法,从大别山不同区域的五个山头(马宗岭、天堂寨、多枝尖、陀尖、湖北大别山)的气侯、植物地理因素,种子植物的数目和结构、优势科、常绿植物和常绿阔叶林、属种相似性系数等方面着重研究了大别山南、北坡的相互关系。作者认为整个大别山植物区系应归属于华东植物区系,其植被应归入北亚热带落叶—常绿阔叶混交林。在划分中、北亚热带分界线时,大别山必须作为一个整体考虑。     

骨组织中细胞的受力分析

基于骨陷窝中组织液和细胞具有的不可压缩性,以及组织液通过骨小管在骨陷窝裼 流动,得到了细胞所受压力的新的表达式。对该表达式的讨论结果表明它能够描述细胞的主要力学特性,例如：松弛和滞后效应。并根据眩表达式,求得细胞的松弛时间为２．４ｍｓ,与Ｃｏｗｉｎ等人估计值（４．９ｍｓ）接近。而在阶跃载荷下细胞所受最大压力为外力的一半,高于Ｃｏｗｉｎ等人的估计值（１２％）。     

THE PLATYCARYA PERPLEX AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE JUGLANDACEAE

We report on the leaves, fruits, inflorescences, and pollen of two fossil species in the genus Platycarya. The association of these dispersed organs has been established by their repeated co-occurrence at a large number of localities, and for two of the organs (fruit and pistillate inflorescence, and pollen and staminate inflorescence) by apparent organic attachment of compression fossils. Each of the two species can be distinguished by characteristics of all the known megafossil organs. We also review the fossil record of dispersed platycaryoid fruits and inflorescences, recognizing three additional species of Platycarya and two of Hooleya. Two of the fossil Platycarya species are morphologically very different from the living Platycarya strobilacea Sieb. et Zucc., but they show the diagnostic features of the genus. Hooleya is a generalized member of the Platycaryeae that is probably close to the ancestry of Platycarya. The two Platycarya species known from multiple organs provide a remarkable example of mosaic evolution in which fertile and foliar structures have attained different levels of morphological specialization. The leaves, often considered the most plastic of plant organs, retain several features that are otherwise seen only in the Engelhardieae. These similarities in leaf architecture between the fossil Platycarya species and Engelhardieae are advanced features for the Juglandaceae, and thus indicate a sister-group relationship between the two lines. In contrast to the leaves, the fruits, inflorescences, and pollen of the fossil Platycarya species are almost as specialized as those of the extant P. strobilacea and bear little resemblance to the same structures in other genera of the family. The morphology, taphonomy, sedimentary setting, and geographic and stratigraphic distribution of three of the fossil platycaryoid species suggest that they were wind-dispersed, early successional plants that grew in thickets. This habit is retained by Platycarya strobilacea and is typical of many of the amentiferae (e.g. Myricaceae, Betulaceae). The r-selected life-history pattern of the Platycarya line may well have contributed to its low diversity through geologic time.     

庞泉沟保护区核心区植被景观类型特征研究

利用植被景观类型图,获得面积、周长、景观斑块的长、宽等信息,对庞泉沟保护区核心区的植被景观特征进行分析。结果表明,核心区景观及斑块分布具有明显的地带性;核心区景观多样性较小,均匀度较低。另外,本文尝试用长宽比、伸张度、圆环度和周长与长轴的比这四种指数对景观斑块的特征进行了分析。结果表明,这四种指数在景观特征分析中具有一定的生态学意义。     

THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE REFERRING PHYSICIAN TO THE PSYCHIATRIST

Tumors of the adrenal glands produce hormones which cause a variety of symptoms and signs including high blood pressure, excessive growth of hair on the body and precocious sexual development. By recently developed tests, it has been possible to differentiate high blood pressure due to these tumors from hypertension due to other causes. Removal of these tumors will often alleviate changes caused by them. Localization of the tumor and appraisal of the condition of the contralateral gland should be carried out preoperatively if possible. In this, several kinds of roentgen studies are helpful. Infusions of drugs during operation can be used to control the blood pressure which otherwise would vary widely. During a ten-year period (1942 to 1951) there were observed at the Los Angeles County General Hospital 100 proved cases of non-secreting and secreting primary neoplasms of the adrenal glands. In addition, there were three cases of Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral adrenal cortical hyperplasia, and ten probable cases (four, pheochromocytomas; five, Cushing's syndrome; one, adrenogenital syndrome) in which operation was not done.     

THE ORIGIN OF THE ACETYLCHOLINE RELEASED FROM THE SURFACE OF THE CORTEX

—The specific radioactivity of acetylcholine liberated from the surface of the rabbit occipital cortex has been compared with that of the underlying cortical synaptosomal and vesicular acetylcholine at varying times after the administration of [N-Me-³H]choline. Choline was administered by diffusion from solutions placed in cups formed by Perspex cylinders applied to the surface of the cortex. Acetylcholine was collected by diffusion into these cups. The specific radioactivity of the acetylcholine declined progressively. The effect of stimulation of afferent cholinergic pathways was to cause a fall in the specific radioactivity of the released acetylcholine. However this was always higher than that of the synaptosomal or vesicular acetylcholine as represented by fractions P₂ and D of the authors’fractionation scheme. It is concluded that acetylcholine released from the cortex must come from a store or stores more recently synthesized than the endogenous acetylcholine of these subcellular fractions.     

河西走廊地区植物的区系特征

河西走廊位于甘肃省西部, 属于典型的内陆干旱区, 为温带荒漠气候。对河西种子植物区系的组成、特点及性质进行了分析, 并比较了它与邻近地区植物区系的关系, 主要结论如下:1.种类贫乏, 本区共有种子植物52 科, 166 属, 326 种。属种比值高达50.92%。区系具有明显的优势现象, 仅5 个科就包含了全区植物百分之五十以上的属和种;2.区系中温带成分占绝对优势地位, 古地中海成分也是重要的组成部分;3.本区系的植物在生活型方面以多年生灌木、草本为主。植物区系具有明显的荒漠植物区系特征。4.河西植物区系成分较古老;5.河西地区、塔里木盆地、柴达木盆地、阿拉善地区无论是区系组成或发生方式都非常接近, 共同组成中国西北荒漠植物区系。