暗纹东方鲀侧线系统早期形态和生长发育

通过光镜和扫描电镜对暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscurus)的侧线系统进行形态学及组织学的研究。研究结果首次揭示了暗纹东方鲀侧线系统除了主侧线外还包括辅助侧线和辅助神经丘。主侧线分布主要包括眶上线、眶下线、耳后侧线、下颌线、前鳃盖线、上颞线、背侧线、腹侧线。辅助侧线和辅助神经丘分布主要包括口部辅助侧线、眶下辅助侧线、下颌前辅助侧线、下颌后辅助侧线、眶上后辅助侧线、上颞腹辅助神经丘、上颞背辅助神经丘、前鳃盖后辅助神经丘、背部辅助神经丘、尾部辅助神经丘。暗纹东方鲀侧线器官为接受机械刺激的神经丘,数目上千,神经丘分布在体表的凹槽里,且位于高低不同突起顶端。神经丘由套细胞、支持细胞和感觉毛细胞组成。感觉毛细胞呈圆形排列,并且每个细胞的游离面均有一根动纤毛和几十根静纤毛。据本研究对暗纹东方鲀侧线分布特征和神经丘的生长特征等的观察结果,认为尽管暗纹东方鲀侧线系统没有如其他真骨鱼类的管道系统,但是依然具有两套不同生理机能的机械感受系统,符合"七管模式"的主侧线神经丘与管道神经丘同源,而辅助侧线和辅助神经丘才是真正的表面神经丘。     

Comparative Study of the Lateral-line System of the Three-spined Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and the Nine-spined Stickleback (Pungitius pungitius)

Abstract The morphology of the lateral-line system of the nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) and the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) has been studied. In the nine-spined stickleback, a preopercular, infraorbital, supraorbital, postotic and peduncular canal can be identified on both sides of the body. Replacement lines are found as a continuation of the preopercular and infraorbital canal. In addition, lines of free neuromasts are found on the mandible and trunk. An accessory line is present above and below the peduncular canal. The presence of both canals and accessory lines on the peduncle suggests that the peduncle in this species has important sensory functions. No canals are found in the three-spined stickleback. Instead, replacement lines corresponding to the canals can be identified on the head. Accordingly, the lateral-line system of the three-spined and the nine-spined stickleback has a different structure. The lateral-line system of both species shows signs of specialization but the three-spined stickleback has a more specialized lateral-line system than the nine-spined stickleback.     

Morphology of the mechanosensory lateral line system in the Atlantic Stingray,Dasyatissabina: The mechanotactile hypothesis

The biological function of anatomical specializations in the mechanosensory lateral line of elasmobranch fishes is essentially unknown. The gross and histological features of the lateral line in the Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina, were examined with special reference to its role in the localization and capture of natural invertebrate prey. Superficial neuromasts are arranged in bilateral rows near the dorsal midline from the spiracle to the posterior body disk and in a lateral position along the entire length of the tail. All dorsal lateral line canals are pored, contain sensory neuromasts, and have accessory lateral tubules that most likely function to increase their receptive field. The pored ventral canal system consists of the lateral hyomandibular canal along the disk margin and the short, separate mandibular canal on the lower jaw. The extensive nonpored and relatively compliant ventral infraorbital, supraorbital, and medial hyomandibular canals form a continuous complex on the snout, around the mouth, and along the abdomen. Vesicles of Savi are small mechanosensory subdermal pouches that occur in bilateral rows only along the ventral midline of the rostrum. Superficial neuromasts are best positioned to detect water movements along the transverse body axis such as those produced by tidal currents, conspecifics, or predators. The pored dorsal canal system is positioned to detect water movements created by conspecifics, predators, or possibly distortions in the flow field during swimming. Based upon the stingray lateral line morphology and feeding behavior, we propose the Mechanotactile Hypothesis, which states that the ventral nonpored canals and vesicles of Savi function as specialized tactile mechanoreceptors that facilitate the detection and capture of small benthic invertebrate prey. J. Morphol. 238:1–22, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Morphological development of larval cobia Rachycentron canadum and the influence of dietary taurine supplementation

The morphological development of larval cobia Rachycentron canadum from 3 days post hatch (dph) until weaning (27 dph) was examined using S.E.M. Two groups of fish were studied: a control group (CF), reared under standard feeding protocol, and a group in which prey items were enriched with supplemental taurine (4 g l(-1) day(-1) ; TF). TF fish grew faster (P < 0·001), attained greater size (mean ±s.e. 55·1 ± 1·5 v. 33·9 ± 1·0 mm total length) and had better survival (mean ±s.e. 29·3 ± 0·4 v. 7·1 ± 1·2 %) than CF fish. Canonical variance analysis confirmed findings with respect to differences in growth between the treatment groups with separation being explained by two cranial measurements. S.E.M. revealed that 3 dph larvae of R. canadum (in both groups) possess preopercular spines, superficial neuromasts on the head and body, taste buds in the mouth, an olfactory epithelium which takes the form of simple concave depressions, and primordial gill arches. Gill filaments start to form as early as 6 dph and lamellae buds are visible at 8 dph in both groups. In CF fish, the cephalic lateral line system continues its development at 12-14 dph with invagination of both supra- and infraorbital canals. At the same time, a thorn-like or acanthoid crest forms above the eye. At 14 dph, invaginations of the mandibular and preopercular canals are visible and around 22 dph enclosure of all cranial canals nears completion. In CF larvae, however, completely enclosed cranial canals were not observed within the course of the trial, i.e. 27 dph. In TF larvae, grooves of the cephalic lateral line system form 4 days earlier than observed in CF larvae of R. canadum (i.e. at 8 dph), with enclosure commencing at 16 dph, and completed by 27 dph. Along the flanks of 6 dph larvae of either treatment, four to five equally spaced neuromasts delineate the future position of the trunk lateral line. As myomeres are added to the growing larvae, new neuromasts appear such that at 16 dph a neuromast is associated with each myomere. By 27 dph, the trunk lateral line starts to invaginate in CF larvae, while it initiates closure in TF larvae. These findings elucidate important features of the larval development of R. canadum and show that dietary taurine supplementation benefits larval development, growth and survival in this species. Moreover, they suggest a conditional requirement for taurine in larval R. canadum.     

Morphology and ontogeny of multiple lateral‐line canals in the rock prickleback,Xiphister mucosus (Cottiformes: Zoarcoidei: Stichaeidae)

The structure and ontogeny of lateral‐line canals in the Rock Prickleback, Xiphister mucosus, were studied using cleared‐and‐stained specimens, and the distribution and morphology of neuromasts within lateral‐line canals were examined using histology. X. mucosus has seven cephalic canals in a pattern that, aside from four branches of the infraorbital canals, is similar to that of most teleostean fishes. Unlike most other teleosts, however, X. mucosus features multiple trunk lateral‐line canals. These include a short median posterior extension of the supratemporal canal and three paired, branching canals located on the dorsolateral, mediolateral, and ventrolateral surfaces. The ventrolateral canal (VLC) includes a loop across the ventral surface of the abdomen. All trunk canals, as well as the branches of the infraorbitals, are supported by small, dermal, ring‐like ossifications that develop independently from scales. Trunk canals develop asynchronously with the mediodorsal and dorsolateral canals (DLC) developing earliest, followed by the VLC, and, finally, by the mediolateral canal (MLC). Only the mediodorsal and DLC connect to the cephalic sensory canals. Fractal analysis shows that the complexity of the trunk lateral‐line canals stabilizes when all trunk canals develop and begin to branch. Histological sections show that neuromasts are present in all cephalic canals and in the DLC and MLC of the trunk. However, no neuromasts were identified in the VLC or its abdominal loop. The VLC cannot, therefore, directly function as a part of the mechanosensory system in X. mucosus. The evolution and functional role of multiple lateral‐line canals are discussed. J. Morphol. 276:1218–1229, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Development of the supraorbital and mandibular lateral line canals in the cichlid,Archocentrus nigrofasciatus

The development of two of the cranial lateral line canals is described in the cichlid, Archocentrus nigrofasciatus. Four stages of canal morphogenesis are defined based on histological analysis of the supraorbital and mandibular canals. "Canal enclosure" and "canal ossification" are defined as two discrete stages in lateral line canal development, which differ in duration, an observation that has interesting implications for the ontogeny of lateral line function. Canal diameter in the vicinity of individual neuromasts begins to increase before ossification of the canal roof in each canal segment; this increase in canal diameter is accompanied by an increase in canal neuromast size. The mandibular canal generally develops later than the supraorbital canal in this species, but in both of these canals development of the different canal segments contained within a single dermal bone is asynchronous. These observations suggest that a dynamic process requiring integration and interaction among different tissues, in both space and time, underlies the development of the cranial lateral line canal system. The supraorbital and mandibular canals appear to demonstrate a "one-component" pattern of development in Archocentrus nigrofasciatus, where the walls of each canal segment grow up from the underlying dermal bone and then fuse to form the bony canal roof. This is contrary to numerous published reports that describe a "two-component" pattern of development in teleosts where the bony canal ossifies separately and then fuses with an underlying dermal bone. A survey of the literature in which lateral line canal development is described using histological analysis suggests that the occurrence of two different patterns of canal morphogenesis ("one-component" and "two-component") may be due to phylogenetic variation in the pattern of the development of the lateral line canals.     

版纳鱼螈侧线系统的结构

版纳鱼螈(Ichthyophis bannanica)是我国无足目的仅有代表,应用光镜和扫描电镜对版纳鱼螈的侧线系统进行形态学和组织学观察的研究表明:版纳鱼螈幼体表皮中的侧线器官有接受机械刺激的神经丘和电接受壶腹器官两种,神经丘包括表面神经丘和陷神经丘。侧线分布主要包括:头部的鼻侧线、眶上线、眶下线、眶后线、口侧线、下颌线、咽侧线、鳃孔上线和身体上的背侧线。侧线器官的分布密度、大小和凹陷深度明显与周围表皮的厚度和不同部位有关。幼体的侧线器官退化与鳃孔的退化同步,亚成体以后不保留侧线系统。版纳鱼螈的侧线分布和器官结构与其它无足类的大致相似,仅在眶上线和眶下线的器官分布上存在微小的差别     

Morphology and development of the multiple lateral line canals on the trunk in two species of Hexagrammos (Scorpaeniformes,Hexagrammidae)

The morphology and development of the multiple lateral line canals (canals 1–5 in dorsal to ventral sequence) on the trunk of two representative hexagrammids, Hexagrammos decagrammus and H. stelleri, were studied using histological and cleared and stained material. The morphology of the lateral line scales of which the lateral line canals are composed and the distribution of canal neuromasts within them were described quantitatively. We hypothesized that 1) one neuromast is contained in each lateral line scale and all five canals contain neuromasts, 2) all five canals develop similarly, and 3) the multiple trunk canals are an adaptation for the alteration of lateral line function. Lateral line scale morphology was found to be similar among the five canals in Hexagrammos decagrammus and H. stelleri. However, canal 3 is significantly wider than the other four canals. It is the only one of the five canals connected to the canals on the head, and more significantly, it is the only one of the five canals that contains neuromasts. The lateral line scales that comprise all five lateral line canals show the same pattern of development whether or not they contain neuromasts. The five canals develop asynchronously, and each of the canals develops either rostro-caudally or caudo-rostrally. Canal 3 is the homologue of a single trunk canal in other teleosts; canals 1, 2, 4, and 5 are apomorphic features of the two species of Hexagrammos. Canals 1, 2, 4, and 5 cannot be functional components of the lateral line system because they do not contain neuromasts and thus cannot be adaptations for the alteration of lateral line function. The occurrence of lateral line canals lacking neuromasts demands a direct assessment of neuromast distributions in the lateral line canals among fishes. Finally, our data suggest that the putative role of neuromasts in the morphogenesis of lateral line canals and the nature of neuromast-bone relationships need to be critically reevaluated. J. Morphol. 233:195–214, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Lateral line system and its innervation in Tetraodontiformes with outgroup comparisons: Descriptions and phylogenetic implications

The lateral line system and its innervation in ten tetraodontiform families and five outgroup taxa were examined. Although some homology issues remained unresolved, tetraodontiforms were characterized by having two types (at least) of superficial neuromasts (defined by the presence or absence of supporting structures) and accessory lateral lines and neuromasts (except Molidae in which “accessory” elements were absent). The preopercular line in Tetraodontiformes was not homologous with that of typical teleosts, because the line was innervated by the opercular ramule that was newly derived from the mandibular ramus, the condition being identical to that in Lophiidae. Within Tetraodontiformes, the number of neuromasts varied between 70 and 277 in the main lines and between 0 and 52 in accessory elements. Variations were also recognized in the presence or absence of the supraorbital commissure, mandibular line, otic line, postotic line, ventral trunk line, and some lateral line nerve rami, most notably the dorsal branch of the opercular ramule, being absent in Aracanidae, Ostraciidae, Tetraodontidae, Diodontidae, and Molidae. Morphological characteristics derived from the lateral line system and its innervation provided some support for a sister relationship of tetraodontiforms with lophiiforms. J. Morphol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Cephalic lateral line canal system of the golden venus chub, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hemigrammocypris rasborella</Emphasis> (Teleostei: Cypriniformes)

We investigated the cephalic lateral line canal system of the golden venus chub, Hemigrammocypris rasborella. The cephalic lateral line canal system consists of the infraorbital canal (IOC), the preopercular canal (POC), the mandibular canal (MC), the supraorbital canal (SOC), the temporal canal (TC), and the supratemporal canal (STC), and is characterized by the following pedomorphic features: disjunction of IOC and SOC, of TC and POC, and of POC and MC. We also discuss the phylogenetic significance of the cephalic lateral line canal system of H. rasborella.     

Lateral line system in the triplefin Enneapterygius etheostomus (Perciformes: Tripterygiidae): new implications for taxonomic studies

The lateral line system, including the distribution and counts of canal and superficial neuromasts, in a Japanese tripterygiid Enneapterygius etheostomus was studied. Although the basic topography of the lateral line canals was typical of teleosts, preopercular, mandibular, parietal, predorsal and caudal fin groupings of superficial neuromasts were recognized for the first time in addition to the previously reported groupings in Tripterygiidae. Comparisons of neuroanatomical characteristics with those of New Zealand tripterygiids previously reported revealed significant differences, thereby indicating that detailed examination of the lateral line system could provide new information useful for taxonomic studies.     

The functional significance of lateral line canal morphology on the trunk of the marine teleost Xiphister atropurpureus (Stichaeidae)

We investigated the filter properties of the highly branched trunk lateral lines of the stichaeid Xiphister atropurpureus and compared them to the filter properties of simple lateral line canals. For this purpose artificial canals were constructed, some of which were fitted with artificial neuromasts. In still water, the response of a simple canal versus two types of Xiphister-like canals to a vibrating sphere stimulus were similar, as was the decrease in the responses as a function of sphere distance. Also comparable was the mechanical coupling between neighboring parts of the main canal. However, compared to the simple canal, the Xiphister-like canals showed a lower spatial resolution. Equipping artificial lateral line canals with artificial neuromasts revealed that Xiphister-like canals, i.e., lateral lines canals with tubuli that contained widely spaced pores, improve the signal-to-noise ratio in a highly turbulent environment. Even though a reduced spatial resolution is the price for this improvement, Xiphister may compensate for this compromise by having four instead of the usual single trunk lateral line canal. We suggest that lateral line canals with tubuli that contain widely spaced pores and multiple lateral line canals on each body side are an adaptation to a highly turbulent aquatic environment.     

The trigeminofacial innervation of the cephalic lateral line organs and photophores of the lantern fish Tarletonbeania crenularis (Myctophidae)

The trigeminofacial innervation of the cephalic photophores and lateral line organs of Tarletonbeania crenularis has been studied from gross dissections. The facial and trigeminal roots leave the brainstem separately, but later intermingle forming a trigemino‐facial complex. The seventh nerve gives rise to the hyomandibular trunk and sends a branch rostrad to join the trigeminal forming the supra‐ and infraorbital trunks. The supraorbital trunk innervates the Dn photophore, the snout, the iris, the supraorbital lateral line organs and part of the olfactory sacs. The infraorbital trunk supplies the infraorbital lateral line organs, the Vn photophore and the tissues surrounding the premaxillaries. The hyomandibular trunk passes to the opercular photophores and lateral line organs, and together with a branch from the infraorbital trunk supplies the branchiostegal photophores and lateral line organs of the mandible.     

Post‐embryonic development of canal and superficial neuromasts and the generation of two cranial lateral line phenotypes

The relatively simple structural organization of the cranial lateral line system of bony fishes provides a valuable context in which to explore the ways in which variation in post‐embryonic development results in functionally distinct phenotypes, thus providing a link between development, evolution, and behavior. Vital fluorescent staining, histology, and scanning electron microscopy were used to describe the distribution, morphology, and ontogeny of the canal and superficial neuromasts on the head of two Lake Malawi cichlids with contrasting lateral line canal phenotypes (Tramitichromis sp. [narrow‐simple, well‐ossified canals with small pores] and Aulonocara stuartgranti [widened, more weakly ossified canals with large pores]). This work showed that: 1) the patterning (number, distribution) of canal neuromasts, and the process of canal morphogenesis typical of bony fishes was the same in the two species, 2) two sub‐populations of neuromasts (presumptive canal neuromasts and superficial neuromasts) are already distinguishable in small larvae and demonstrate distinctive ontogenetic trajectories in both species, 3) canal neuromasts differ with respect to ontogenetic trends in size and proportions between canals and between species, 4) the size, shape, configuration, physiological orientation, and overall rate of proliferation varies among the nine series of superficial neuromasts, which are found in both species, and 5) in Aulonocara, in particular, a consistent number of canal neuromasts accompanied by variability in the formation of canal pores during canal morphogenesis demonstrates independence of early and late phases of lateral line development. This work provides a new perspective on the contributions of post‐embryonic phases of lateral line development and to the generation of distinct phenotypes in the lateral line system of bony fishes. J. Morphol. 277:1273–1291, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Functional morphology of the piper Hyporhamphus ihi with reference to the role of the lateral line in feeding

As a basis for understanding the function of the halfbeak of the piper Hyporhamphus ihi (Phillips), details of the structure and dimensions of the anterior lateral line on the head and lower jaw of the piper are described. The anterior lateral line is composed of a series of cranial canals; the supraorbital-postorbital canal; the suborbital canal; and the preopercular-mandibular canal which extends along the lower jaw. Each canal opens to the surface by a series of pores, and individual neuromasts exist in specialized regions of the canals between each of the pores. Piper are nocturnal plankivores and they possess the feeding structures and digestive tract suited to this diet. The hypothesis is proposed that they use the anterior lateral line system in prey detection, and this paper shows that the piper's elongate body form, swimming behaviour, and lack of a specialized visual system are all consistent with this hypothesis.     

Morphology of the Mechanosensory Lateral Line System in Elasmobranch Fishes: Ecological and Behavioral Considerations

The relationship between morphology of the mechanosensory lateral line system and behavior is essentially unknown in elasmobranch fishes. Gross anatomy and spatial distribution of different peripheral lateral line components were examined in several batoids (Raja eglanteria, Narcine brasiliensis, Gymnura micrura, and Dasyatis sabina) and a bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo, and are interpreted to infer possible behavioral functions for superficial neuromasts, canals, and vesicles of Savi in these species. Narcine brasiliensis has canals on the dorsal surface with 1 pore per tubule branch, lacks a ventral canal system, and has 8–10 vesicles of Savi in bilateral rows on the dorsal rostrum and numerous vesicles ( = 65 ± 6 SD per side) on the ventral rostrum. Raja eglanteria has superficial neuromasts in bilateral rows along the dorsal body midline and tail, a pair anterior to each endolymphatic pore, and a row of 5–6 between the infraorbital canal and eye. Raja eglanteria also has dorsal canals with 1 pore per tubule branch, pored and non-pored canals on the ventral surface, and lacks a ventral subpleural loop. Gymnura micrura has a pored dorsal canal system with extensive branch patterns, a pored ventral hyomandibular canal, and non-pored canal sections around the mouth. Dasyatis sabina has more canal pores on the dorsal body surface, but more canal neuromasts and greater diameter canals on the ventral surface. Sphyrna tiburo has primarily pored canals on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the head, as well as the posterior lateral line canal along the lateral body surface. Based upon these morphological data, pored canals on the dorsal body and tail of elasmobranchs are best positioned to detect water movements across the body surface generated by currents, predators, conspecifics, or distortions in the animal's flow field while swimming. In addition, pored canals on the ventral surface likely also detect water movements generated by prey. Superficial neuromasts are protected from stimulation caused by forward swimming motion by their position at the base of papillar grooves, and may detect water flow produced by currents, prey, predators, or conspecifics. Ventral non-pored canals and vesicles of Savi, which are found in benthic batoids, likely function as tactile or vibration receptors that encode displacements of the skin surface caused by prey, the substrate, or conspecifics. This mechanotactile mechanism is supported by the presence of compliant canal walls, neuromasts that are enclosed in wide diameter canals, and the presence of hair cells in neuromasts that are polarized both parallel to and nearly perpendicular to the canal axis in D. sabina. The mechanotactile, schooling, and mechanosensory parallel processing hypotheses are proposed as future directions to address the relationships between morphology and physiology of the mechanosensory lateral line system and behavior in elasmobranch fishes.     

Innervation of the lateral line system in Rhyacichthys aspro: the origin of superficial neuromast rows in gobioids (Perciformes: Rhyacichthyidae)

The lateral line system and its innervation were examined in the most primitive gobioid taxon, Rhyacichthys aspro (Rhyacichthyidae). The infraorbital canal was present, whereas superficial neuromast rows a and c, typically present on the cheek of gobioids, were absent. Because the infraorbital canal (absent in other gobioids) and the two rows were commonly innervated by the buccal ramus, the latter were categorized as replaced rows from canal neuromasts. On an innervation basis, rows b and d on the cheek were considered to comprise superficial neuromasts only in all gobioids. The trunk lateral line system comprised canal and superficial neuromasts, the former being included in the lateral line scales (each bearing 1–7 neuromasts arranged longitudinally along the direction of a groove). Absence of bony roofs in the lateral line system was proposed as a synapomorphy of Gobioidei, and a progressive neotenic shift in the lateral line system of the suborder discussed.     

The lateral line receptor array of cyprinids from different habitats

The lateral line system of teleost fishes consists of an array of superficial and canal neuromasts (CN). Number and distribution of neuromasts and the morphology of the lateral line canals vary across species. We investigated the morphology of the lateral line system in four diurnal European cyprinids, the limnophilic bitterling (Rhodeus sericeus), the indifferent gudgeon (Gobio gobio), and ide (Leuciscus idus), and the rheophilic minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus). All fish had lateral line canals on head and trunk. The total number of both, CN and superficial neuromasts (SN), was comparable in minnow and ide but was greater than in gudgeon and bitterling. The ratio of SNs to CNs for the head was comparable in minnow and bitterling but was greater in gudgeon and ide. The SN‐to‐CN ratio for the trunk was greatest in bitterling. Polarization of hair cells in CNs was in the direction of the canal. Polarization of hair cells in SNs depended on body area. In cephalic SNs, hair cell polarization was dorso‐ventral or rostro‐caudal. In trunk SNs, it was rostro‐caudal on lateral line scales and dorso‐ventral on other trunk scales. On the caudal fin, hair cell polarization was rostro‐caudal. The data show that, in the four species studied here, number, distribution, and orientation of CNs and SNs cannot be unequivocally related to habitat. J. Morphol. 275:357–370, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Morphology and Growth of Lateral Line Organs of the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Abstract The morphology and growth of selected lateral line organs of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are described. Canal neuromasts of the infraorbital and operculo–mandibular canal of three different–sized trout have been examined by light microscopy. The number of neuromasts and pores, as well as their distribution, is constant in all sizes of fish. However, the area and estimated number of hair cells (HC) of the examined neuromasts increase with size and with a correlation coefficient (r²) of 0.90 and 0.87, respectively. It was found that area and estimated hair cell number of neuromasts increase 6-fold in fish from 10 to 30 cm total length (TL). Based on calculation of the hair cell number in small and large fish, a net addition of 1 and 6 HC per day is suggested for IO and OM neuromasts, respectively.     

Systématique du Gobiidae Lophogobius cyprinoides (Pallas, 1770)

Diagnosis: number of fins rays D1: VI; D2: I+ 9; C: 21-22; A: I+ 8; P: 17-18; Pv: 10; number of scales on the lateral line Ec: 27-28; number of vertebras V: 26. Evidence of sexual dimorphism is shown by two different shapes of urogenital papilla. The lateral system was observed using scanning electron microscopy after 2% glutaraldehyde fixation in sea water. The oculoscapular, preopercular canals, mucous pores are inventoried and the distribution and number of neuromasts are presented. The coding sequences for 18S ribosomic RNA are identified.