长爪栘[木衣]叶绿体基因组特征系统发育及密码子偏好性分析

长爪栘[木衣](Docynia longiunguis Q.Luo & J.L.Liu)是我国特有的栘[木衣]属植物,具有较高的食药用价值.对其叶绿体基因组进行分析,有助于阐明栘[木衣]属内的系统发育关系,为长爪栘[木衣]资源的开发利用及进一步研究奠定基础.结合其近缘种云南移[木衣]叶绿体基因组数据,在进行全序列比对后...     

云南栘[木衣]MADS-box基因家族鉴定与表达分析

MADS-box基因家族是一类重要的转录因子家族,在调控植物的生长发育、信号传导等过程中发挥着重要作用。为研究云南栘[木衣][Docynia delavayi(Franch.)Schneid.]MADS-box基因家族的特征及其在种子不同萌发时期的表达情况,本研究以云南栘[木衣]不同萌发时期的种苗为材料,在转录组测序的基础上利用生物信息学方法从云南栘[木衣]转录组数据库中筛选MADS-box转录因子,分析其理化性质、蛋白保守基序、系统进化及表达模式,并采用实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,qRT-PCR)实验验证云南栘[木衣]MADS-box基因家族成员在种子不同萌发时期的表达情况。在云南栘[木衣]转录组数据中共鉴定出81个MADS-box转录因子,其编码的氨基酸序列分子量分布范围在6211.34–173512.77 Da之间,等电点介于5.21−10.97之间。系统进化分析显示,81个云南栘[木衣]MADS-box基因可分为15个亚组,其中DdMADS27、DdMADS42、DdMADS45、DdMADS46、DdMADS53、DdMADS61、DdMADS76、DdMADS77和DdMADS79可能参与对云南栘[木衣]胚珠的发育调控。结合云南栘[木衣]种子转录组数据与qRT-PCR实验分析发现,DdMADS25和DdMADS42可能参与调控种子发育,DdMADS37和DdMADS38可能对种子休眠有负调控作用。前人报道中MIKC*亚组多参与调控花器官发育,本研究首次发现MIKC*亚组的转录因子在种子萌发前期具有较高表达量,由此推测MIKC*亚组在种子萌发过程中起到调控作用。为验证该推测准确性,挑选了MIKC*亚组的DdMADS60和DdMADS75进行qRT-PCR实验,实验结果与转录组测序的表达趋势一致。本研究可为进一步从分子进化角度研究云南栘[木衣]MADS-box基因家族的生物学功能提供参考。     

云南栘(木衣)(Docynia delavayi(Franch.)Schneid.)黄酮成分研究

本文首次对采自云南西双版纳的栘(木衣)树皮的主要成分进行了研究,从其乙醚提取物中分离出四种黄酮类化合物,通过NMR、MS和IR等波谱手段,鉴定出它们分别为:白杨素(Chrysin,Ⅰ),柚皮素(Naringenin,Ⅱ),槲皮素(Quercetin,Ⅲ)和广寄生甙(Avicularin,Ⅳ)     

中国栘木衣属（Docynia Dcne.）一新种——长爪栘木衣

报道了栘木衣属一新种,长爪栘木衣(Docynia longisunguis Q.Luo et J.L.Liu)。该新种与栘木衣(Docynia indica(Will.) Dcne.)和云南栘木衣(Docynia delavayi (Franch.)Schneid.)相似,但以花较大,直径3.5~4 cm,花瓣长20～25 mm,宽12～16 mm,基部具长爪,长5～9 mm,雄蕊46～53;子房5～6（7）,花柱5～6（7）;果径3～4.5 cm,而与它们相区别。     

中药山楂原植物的研究

山楂为传统中药,也是保健食品山楂饼等的主要原料,通过对一些省、市、县的商品药材山楂及其原植物的调查,发现中药山楂的原植物有5种1变种,他们是:山楂、山里红(变种)、野山楂、云南山楂、光萼林檎(新种)和台湾林檎,均隶属于蔷薇科。本文提供中药山楂原植物分种检索表,新分类群的描述,药材性状主要鉴别特征和资源分布等。     

北山楂果实中三萜酸资源的研究

山楂是具有消食化积、降血压、降血脂及抗癌等多种疗效的中药,同时又是富含营养成分的水果。山楂中的三萜酸是降压活性成分。经分离和鉴定证明英国山楂(Crataegus oxyacatha)等多种山楂中含有熊果酸、齐墩果酸和山楂酸,但从中国山楂属植物中仅分离鉴定出熊果酸。本文从开发利用北山楂果实中的三萜酸资源出发,应用TLC法     

沙枣绢粉蝶的初步观察

沙枣绢粉蝶 Aporia sp.为沙枣(胡颓子)的重要害虫之一,与山楂绢粉蝶极相似(二者区别见附表与图一)。陕西、山西等地均有发生。自1963年以来我们进行了观察,现将结果整理如下。     

东北产蔷薇科木本植物资料

本新变种与原变种(var.maximowiczii)的主要区别为:托叶锯齿有腺点;果实的宿萼有柔毛(非无毛);总花梗与花梗无毛(非有柔毛)。本新变种与辽宁山楂(C.sanguimeai Pall.)也相近,但托叶锯齿有腺点;果实的宿萼有柔毛(非无毛);冬芽为灰褐色(非紫褐色或紫红色)。     

新疆昌吉州的野生山楂

山楂,在东北、华北等地叫红果、山里红、山楂果。新疆昌吉州野生山楂树很多,本地农牧民叫它野茶树,面弹子树、红果树等。据一九八二年我们在新疆昌吉州八县的初步调查,分布在我州的野山楂种类主要有阿尔泰山楂(乔化型山楂)和准葛尔山楂(矮化型山楂)两种。昌吉州的野生山楂数量大,分布范围广,适应性很强,值得研究和重视。现将野生山楂资源的调查情况及利用方法介绍如下:     

观赏山楂耐热性及其叶片光合与叶绿素荧光特性研究

以引自国内外的15种观赏山楂苗木为材料,于上海夏季自然高温下对其叶片光合气体交换参数及叶绿素荧光参数进行测定,并观察它们的田间耐热性,以揭示其耐热的光合生理机制.结果显示,4种山楂表现出较强耐热性,6种较耐热,而5种耐热性较差;15种山楂叶片净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)、瞬时水分利用效率(WUE)的种间差异显著(P<0.05),且耐热性强的品种P_n、T_r、G_s、WUE值较高,高温下能够维持较高的光合固碳水平;各品种山楂叶片的PSⅡ最大光能转换效率F_v/F_m、电子传递效率ΦPSⅡ和光能捕获效率F_v'/F_m'差异显著,耐热性强品种F_v/F_m保持在0.8以上,且ΦPSⅡ值与F_v'/F_m'较高.研究表明,观赏山楂主要通过加大气孔蒸腾散热、降低叶表面温度以及维持较高光能电子传递与转化效率来减轻高温对光合机构伤害,以维持植株正常光合作用;山楂叶片PSⅡ原初光能转换效率及潜在活性与其耐热性密切相关,F_v/F_m值可作为山楂耐热性鉴定指标.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.