特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞体外检测方法的进展

抗原特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞在免疫反应中起着重要作用,本文就近年来抗原特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞反应的体外检测方法的原理及评价进行综述。     

两种新型培养细胞数量检测技术的探索

将SRB比色法和结晶紫比色法与MTT比色法与MTT比色法在96孔板培养HeLa细胞的数量及活力测量精确度和操作方法上进行了对比。试验结果显示：SRB比色法和结晶紫比色法的最佳检测波长均为490nm。最佳染液浓度分别为0.4%和0.25%。SRB比色法的检测精确度略逊于MTT法，结晶紫比色法与MTT法无显著差异。另外，此两种检测方法的操作过程更为简便，所需时间也较短，可在一定范围内取代MTT比色法。     

一种新的以影像为基础的细胞增殖和细胞毒性检测方法

3-(4,5-二甲基-2-噻唑)-2,5-二苯基溴化四唑盐)（MTT）比色法是传统上检测细胞增殖和细胞毒性的常用方法.
CloneSelectTM成像系统是一种以影像为基础的用于分析细胞生长的可视检测系统.本研究采用人结直肠癌HCT116细胞系,运用CloneSelect成像系统和MTT方法分别检测药物阿的平的细胞毒性,并采用Bland Altman作图法比较两种实验方法获得的pEC50值,分析两种研究方法获得的结果的一致性. 结果表明,CloneSelectTM成像系统和MTT法获得的pEC50值具有较好的一致性.与MTT方法相比,基于影像的CloneSelectTM成像分析技术检测快速、无损伤且结果更准确,获取资料不损伤细胞,允许后续其它时间点或动力学检测. 研究提示,这种新的以影像为基础的检测技术可以替代MTT方法,用于分析不同药物的抗细胞增殖活性.     

两种方法检测线索细胞的比较

越来越多研究证明线索细胞(clue cell)是细菌性阴道病的重要致病因子,而细菌性阴道病(bacterial vaginosis BV)是妇产科最常见的疾病之一,感染率在15%～50%,且易复发[1,2].在BV的诊断中线索细胞检查是一项重要的指标.我们采用妇科细胞学涂片快速多项染色法(CTB)和盐水湿片法检查白带中的线索细胞,并且进行比较,了解二种方法的特异性和敏感性.     

医用外科拉链细胞毒性试验研究

将医用外科拉链的 16 4 0浸出液与小鼠成纤维细胞L92 9悬液 (1x10 4/ml)共培养 ,观察其对L92 9细胞生长抑制的影响 ,结果表明 ,该外科拉链对L92 9细胞形态、生长和增殖没有影响 ,无细胞毒性作用 ,具有良好的生物相容性 ,符合生物材料应用要求     

两种检测抗生素S632A对Vero细胞毒性作用方法的比较

为检测S632A对细胞的毒性作用,比较了CPE法及MTT法检测其效果,结果可见,2种方法均可证明S632A对细胞的毒性较低,MTT法比CPE法敏感性高。     

贝类毒素体外细胞毒性作用研究进展

贝类毒素属于非蛋白类高分子化合物,高温处理不能使之失活,严重影响着贝类食品的安全和我国贝类产品的出口贸易。目前贝类毒素最主要的检测方法是小鼠生物法(MBA),然而随着3R理念的推动,毒性评价的体外细胞毒性替代研究取得很大进展,本文综述了8组贝类毒素体外细胞毒性作用的研究成果。     

毒理学研究中的体外细胞毒性评价

体外细胞毒性评价作为传统动物模型毒性评价的替代方法正在得到越来越多的研究和应用,而其向高通量阶段的迈进则为新毒物和新药物的检测与目的物的筛选提供了更加快捷、高效的手段。将对体外细胞毒性评价常用细胞类型、体外细胞毒性评价的指标,及其检测技术方法的研究现状、进展和存在问题进行阐述,希望能为相关的研究提供一定的参考。     

MTT法评价医用骨科材料的细胞毒性

目的:评价三种常用医用骨科材料的细胞毒性。方法:通过制备表面阳极氧化钛合金(Ti-6Al-4V)材料、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)材料和β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)材料的浸提液与L929细胞接触,进行MTT试验。结果:所有样品浸提液的细胞相对增殖率(RGR)均≥80%,细胞毒性反应分级为0至1级。结论:这三类材料的0.2g/ml浸提液均显示无明显的细胞毒性。     

3种方法检测体外神经细胞存活的技术探讨

为了准确、客观、快速、高效地反映体外培养细胞存活的情况,将PC12细胞以不同密度接种于96孔板中,培养48h后,然后采用结晶紫比色法,中性红比色法,MTT比色法来检测细胞的存活情况,再将所得结果进行比较,比较3种方法的优缺点,寻求最佳检测细胞存活方案．结果发现,不同方法检测细胞存活的范围各不相同．其中结晶紫比色法细胞存活数与比色光吸收值（absorbance value,A值）呈正相关程度较其它两种好,而且检测细胞存活范围最为宽广．     

氨甲喋呤-人血清白蛋白-单抗79结合物的制备及其体外细胞毒作用

 本研究采用间接连接法,应用异型双功能连接剂SPDP,形成以酰胺键和二硫键连接的氮甲喋吟-人血清白蛋白-单抗79(MTX-HSA-McAb79)结合物。其中McAb79与HSA克分子比有效地控制在1:1～2,且结合物的纯度及产率均较高,有一定的制备价值。 对靶细胞Nalm-6的体外细胞毒试验结果表明:MTX-HSA-McAb 79的杀伤活性显著强于MTX-HSA-nIgG,但较游离MTX的杀伤活性为弱。且MTX-HSA-McAb 79的杀伤作用依赖于McAb 79与靶抗原CALLA的抗原抗体反应。     

Cytotoxicity of mycotoxins evaluated by the MTT-cell culture assay

The application of a modified colorimetric bioassay for the evaluation of the biological effects of mycotoxins is reported. Using three different monolayer cell lines (swine kidney, Madin Darby canine kidney, HeLa) the influence of nine different mycotoxins on the cellular methylthiazoltetrazolium (MTT)-cleavage activity was evaluated. The yellow tetrazolium salt MTT is converted by mitochondrial dehydrogenases of metabolically active cells to an insoluble purple formazan product, which was then solubilized with dimethylsulfoxide. The optical density of this homogeneous solution was suitable for a precise spectrophotometric measurement by a plate reader at a wavelength of 510 nm. Nine mycotoxins were simultaneously tested in all three cell lines, from which the swine kidney cell line proved to be the most sensitive. The effects of additional 35 mycotoxins were therefore tested using swine kidney monolayers as target cells. A total of 28 toxins of the 44 mycotoxins tested proved to be cytotoxic in the MTT-bioassay. Most of them belong to the group of trichothecene mycotoxins. Concentrations ranged between 0.01 µg and 100 µg/ml of cell culture medium. The MTT cleavage assay was found to be a quick (24 hours) and easy to perform system for the evaluation of the biological activity of many different mycotoxins and may also provide a useful tool for the testing of a large variety of sample materials.     

荞麦rBTI-2的表达及其对肿瘤细胞的生长抑制作用

设计一种适合基因工程开发的无标签重组荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂rBTI-2,并研究其对肿瘤细胞的生长抑制作用。构建原核表达载体pExSecI-BTI-2,诱导表达获得可溶性目的蛋白,经Resource~(TM) Q纯化后作用于HL-7702、HepG2、EC9706和QBC-939细胞,MTT检测rBTI-2对其生长的影响,并与前期获得的几种融合蛋白酶抑制剂进行功能比对。结果表明:质粒pEXSecI-BTI-2构建成功,SDS-PAGE分析表明分子量约为7.8 kDa。MTT检测表明rBTI-2对几种肿瘤细胞的生长有明显的抑制作用,而对正常细胞HL-7702作用很小。几种蛋白酶抑制剂对肿瘤细胞的生长均有不同程度的影响,其中rBTI-2对肿瘤细胞的生长抑制作用要大于融合蛋白酶抑制剂rBTI,这为深入研究BTI诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的分子机制及其应用开发提供了重要基础和研究依据。     

粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子微球制剂的体外释放研究

目的：开发一种粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM—CSF）长效缓释微球剂型。方法：采用S／O／hO法制备了包裹粒细胞一巨噬细胞集落刺激因子多糖玻璃体颗粒的PLGA微球,考察了微球的表面形态、粒径分布等,并且运用ELISA方法考察了微球的体外释放效果。结果：本方法制备的粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子微球光滑圆整,粒径分布均匀,体外可以缓释达32天,累积释放率接近90％。结论：本方法制备的粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子微球能有效地保护蛋白活性,同时实现长效缓释的目标,是一种可行的蛋白缓释方案。     

瓦宁木层孔菌中5个化合物的抗肿瘤活性筛选

采用MTT法对从瓦宁木层孔菌子实体中分离得到的化合物樱花亭、7-甲氧基二氢莰非素、4-（3,4-二羟苯基）-3-丁烯-2-酮、二氢莰非素、hispolon进行了体外抗肿瘤活性研究。试验结果表明：当质量浓度为100μg/mL时,化合物4-（3,4-二羟苯基）-3-丁烯-2-酮和hispolon对人肝癌细胞SMMC-772...     

Brain Actin Synthesized In Vitro Undergoes Two Different and Sequential Posttranslational Modifications

Abstract: We have studied the posttranslational processing of actin molecules synthesized in a cell-free system. The results of these experiments indicate that during the in vivo synthesis of the actins from rat brain the primary translational products undergo two different and sequential posttranslational modifications. These modifications are accompanied by slight changes in the isoelectric points of the proteins and can be detected by isoelectric focusing analysis. The same posttranslational modifications can be detected during the in vitro synthesis of chick embryo skeletal muscle actin. The evidence presented suggest that the first posttranslational modification may correspond to the methylation of a histidine residue, and the second modification most likely corresponds to the acetylation of the NH₂-terminal amino acid residues of actin molecules.     

MS07116 Sodium Selenosulfate Synthesis and Demonstration of Its In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity Against HepG2, Caco2, and Three Kinds of Leukemia Cells

The biological profile of sodium selenosulfate, Na₂SeSO₃, is still largely unknown. The present study found that sodium sulfite reacted with elemental selenium at nanoparticle size already at 37°C to yield sodium selenosulfate. Additionally, selenosulfate was obtained by mixing sodium selenite, glutathione, and sodium sulfite at room temperature. In vitro, sodium selenosulfate killed HepG2 or Caco2 cells, in a dose-dependent fashion, and 12.5 μM fully suppressed their proliferation. In addition, sodium selenosulfate showed a consistent cytotoxic effect when added to three kinds of leukemia cell lines (HL60, T lymph adenoma, and Daudi).     

In-Vitro Cytotoxicity and Cell Cycle Analysis of Two Novel bis-1,2, 4-triazole derivatives: 1,4-bis[5-(5-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl-methyl)-thio-4-(p-tolyl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]-butane (MNP-14) and 1,4-bis[5-(carbethoxy-methyl)-thio-4-(p-ethoxy phenyl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]-butane (MNP-16)

In the present study, we have tested the cytotoxic and DNA damage activity of two novel bis-1,2,4 triazole derivatives, namely 1,4-bis[5-(5-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl-methyl)-thio-4-(p-tolyl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]-butane (MNP-14) and 1,4-bis[5-(carbethoxy-methyl)-thio-4-(p-ethoxy phenyl) -1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]-butane (MNP-16). The effect of these molecules on cellular apoptosis was also determined. The in-vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay as well as Trypan blue dye exclusion methods against human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (MOLT4) and lung cancer cells (A549). Our results showed that MNP-16 induced significant cytotoxicity (IC₅₀ of 3–5 μM) compared with MNP-14. The cytotoxicity induced by MNP-16 was time and concentration dependent. The cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry (fluorescence-activated cell sorting [FACS]) revealed that though there was a significant increase in the apoptotic population (sub-G₁ phase) with an increased concentration of MNP-14 and 16, there was no cell cycle arrest. Further, the comet assay results indicated considerable DNA strand breaks upon exposure to these compounds, thereby suggesting the possible mechanism of cytotoxicity induced by MNP-16. Hence, we have identified a novel molecule (MNP-16) which could be of great clinical relevance in cancer therapeutics.     

Extensive evaluations of the cytotoxic effects of gold nanoparticles

Background

Many in vitro studies have revealed that the interference of dye molecules in traditional nanoparticle cytotoxicity assays results in controversial conclusions. The aim of this study is to establish an extensive and systematic method for evaluating biological effects of gold nanoparticles in mammalian cell lines.

Methods

We establish the cell-impedance measurement system, a label-free, real-time cell monitoring platform that measures electrical impedance, displaying results as cell index values, in a variety of mammalian cell lines. Cytotoxic effects of gold nanoparticles are also evaluated with traditional in vitro assays.

Results

Among the six cell lines, gold nanoparticles induce a dose-dependent suppression of cell growth with different levels of severity and the suppressive effect of gold nanoparticles was indirectly associated with their sizes and cellular uptake. Mechanistic studies revealed that the action of gold nanoparticles is mediated by apoptosis induction or cell cycle delay, depending on cell type and cellular context. Although redox signaling is often linked to the toxicity of nanoparticles, in this study, we found that gold nanoparticle-mediated reactive oxygen species generation was not sustained to notably modulate proteins involved in antioxidative defense system.

Conclusion

The cell-impedance measurement system, a dye-free, real-time screening platform, provides a reliable analysis for monitoring gold nanoparticle cytotoxicity in a variety of mammalian cell lines. Furthermore, gold nanoparticles induce cellular signaling and several sets of gene expression to modulate cellular physical processes.

General significance

The systematic approach, such as cell-impedance measurement, analyzing the toxicology of nanomaterials offers convincing evidence of the cytotoxicity of gold nanomaterials.