多胺对香蕉果实乙烯发生的影响

多胺对香蕉果实乙烯发生的影响蒋跃明,张东林,李月标,陈芳,刘淑娴（中国科学院华南植物研究所,广州５１０６５０）ＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＰＯＬＹＡＭＩＮＥＳＯＮＴＨＥＥＴＨＹＬＥＮＥＥＶＯＬＵＴＩＯＮＯＦＢＡＮＡＮＡＦＲＵＩＴＳＪｉａｎｇＹｕｅ－ｍｉｎｇ;Ｚ...     

采后荔枝果实冷害过程中多胺含量的变化

以桂味荔枝果实为材料,研究冷害及外源亚精胺(Spd)处理对果实膜透性和内源多胺含量变化的影响。结果表明,在0℃下贮藏时果实发生冷害过程中,荔枝果皮中腐胺(Put)、Spd、精胺(Spm)含量在14d后明显增加,膜透性快速增大,21d时果皮出现明显的冷害褐变,Put进一步积累,而Spm含量下降,Spd保持较高水平。非冷害温度(3℃)下贮藏时,果皮多胺含量变化相对较小。0℃下果肉的多胺含量和变化幅度低于3℃果实,并延迟7d衰老。外源Spd处理明显提高果实内源多胺含量的同时,延缓了果皮相对膜透性增加,减轻了冷害。这表明果皮中Put的积累可能是荔枝果实冷害的结果,冷藏初期Spm含量的上升可能是果实对冷害的防卫反应。     

荔枝果实发育过程中内源多胺含量的变化

荔枝果实中多胺含量以亚精胺(Spd)最高,腐胺(Put)其次,精胺(Spm)最低,三者分别于花后7 d和28 d各出现1个高峰.果皮、假种皮和种子中总多胺含量以各自发育初期为最高,随后急速下降,快速膨大期间的变化则不大.花后0～21 d,单果中Put、Spd和Spm含量最低;花后28 d,出现第1个小高峰;果实快速膨大期Spd含量急剧升高,Put和Spm升高较慢.     

壳聚糖在香蕉果实贮藏保鲜上的应用效果

以巴西香蕉果实为材料,研究了不同浓度（0、0．5％、1．0％、2．0％）的壳聚糖溶液对香蕉果实贮藏保鲜的影响。结果表明：壳聚糖处理可明显延缓香蕉果实的软化进程和病情指数的升高;同时维持了果实较低的细胞膜透性、多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性和较高的苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶（GUN）的活性。在四种处理中,以2％壳聚糖处理效果最好。表明壳聚糖对香蕉果实的贮藏保鲜效应可能与其调控病害相关酶的活性有关。     

采后南瓜果实中几种营养成分的变化

"蜜本"南瓜采后0～150 d期间,其果实中多糖和抗坏血酸含量下降,β-胡萝卜素含量增加;总糖、还原糖和蛋白质含量增加,后期下降;氨基酸含量下降,后期增加.     

多胺与香蕉抗寒性的关系的研究

人工气候箱中模拟寒潮对香蕉苗造成低温伤害,低温胁迫前用1 mmol·L-1多胺(PAs)和D-精氨酸(D-Arg)喷洒香蕉叶片。结果表明,低温胁迫后香蕉叶片内源腐胺(Put)含量下降,亚精胺(Spd)含量明显增多,精胺(Spm)比较稳定;D-Arg处理的内源多胺总量明显降低。外源Spd和Spm可以提高受冷胁迫的香蕉叶片中过氧化物酶(POD)活性、降低电解质渗漏率、增加可溶性糖和脯氨酸的含量,有助于提高香蕉的抗寒力;Put对香蕉抗寒力没有明显影响;D-Arg则有不利作用。     

采后荔枝果实中氧化和过氧化作用的变化

采后的荔枝（Litchi chinensts)果实的果皮和果汁中的抗坏血酸及果汁的谷胱甘肽含量逐渐下降,果皮的谷胱甘肽甘肽含量先增多（采后3天）接着减少,超氧化物歧化酶活性随采后时间加长而降低,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛及过氧化物酶活性显著增高,采收7天后果皮中丙二醛含量增加2倍,过氧化物酶活性增高6－7倍,超氧物歧化酶活性只为原来的44％,内源清除活性氧能力的减弱与膜脂过氧化产物的积累表明,荔枝果实的衰老与活性氧的伤害有关,过氧化物酶活性增高可作为果实衰老的一个指标。     

钙与果实采后生理

本文简介钙在果实中的积累、分布、存在形式和生理功能,同时对其在果实采后的生理作用、作用机制以及提高钙含量的可行措施作了归纳。     

1-甲基环丙烯对香蕉采后生理的影响(综述)

本文概述1-MCP对香蕉采后的乙烯产生量、呼吸速率、ACC合成酶和ACC氧化酶、果实颜色、果实硬度、营养成分及果实风味等生理生化指标的影响,阐明1-MCP在香蕉采后贮藏保鲜中的应用潜能,并对1-MCP处理效果的若干影响因子和存在问题进行了探讨。     

1-甲基环丙烯对低温贮藏的香蕉果实后熟的影响

香蕉果实先在6℃下贮藏不同时间后转入常温用1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理或先以1-MCP处理后转入6℃下贮藏不同时间,然后在常温下用乙烯利处理,结果表明, 经1-MCP处理过的果实对乙烯不敏感,后熟过程受抑;而未经1-MCP处理的果实能够后熟,并有明显的呼吸及乙烯峰出现.     

Synthesis of polyamine-containing oligonucleotides

A simple and efficient method of synthesis of polyamine-oligonucleotide conjugates (PA-oligos) in high yields (up to 95%) was suggested. The terminal phosphate group of deprotected oligonucleotides was selectively activated with the redox pair triphenylphosphine-dipyridyl disulfide in the presence of a nucleophilic catalyst, and the activated oligonucleotide derivative was subjected to the reaction with a polyamine.     

SO_2对冷藏枇杷果实品质及活性氧和多胺代谢的影响

以“大红袍”枇杷果实为试材 ,研究了SO2 处理对冷藏枇杷果实活性氧代谢和内源多胺含量变化的影响及与果实木质化败坏的关系。结果表明 ,SO2 可提高超氧物歧化酶 (SOD)和过氧化氢酶 (CAT)活性 ,抑制过氧化物酶 (POD)活性的上升 ,减少H2 O2 的积累。经SO2 处理的果实 ,精胺 (Spm)和亚精胺 (Spd)含量的变化很小 ,基本维持在贮前水平上 ,腐胺 (Put)的积累则受到极大抑制 ,贮藏 5周后的果实不出现木质化败坏症状。这些结果表明 ,SO2 可能通过维持活性氧代谢的平衡 ,抑制活性氧的积累 ,从而防止果实木质化的发生     

Organogenesis and fine structure in megagametophyte callus lines of Picea abies

Differentiation and fine structure were studied in 63 callus lines originating from the haploid megagametophyte of Picea abies (L.) Karst. Developing cones were collected from 27 trees growing in 13 localities in Finland. Vernalization of cones for 12–42 days at 4°C was optimal for callus initiation from the immature megagametophyte (primary endosperm). Five combinations of media based on the macronutrient elements of Chu et al. (1975; Sci. Sin. 18: 659–668) and the micronutrient elements and vitamins of Murashige and Skoog were tested for callus induction, growth and differentiation. Only about 1.5% of the megagametophytes produced subculturable callus (which may be partly due to the high frequency of lethal genes), although in certain mother trees callus production was as high as 20%. In most of the trees sampled, polyamines could not replace casein hydrolysate and glutamine in induction of megagametophyte callus. About half of the originally haploid, diploid and mixoploid callus lines were able to differentiate. A combination of three polyamines (putrescine 0.25, spermidine 0.1 and spermine 0.025 m M ) favoured development of roots. In five callus lines shoots and roots developed in the same piece of callus, but these organs usually had no connection with each other. The fine structure of the callus cells was normal, but their starch stores were rather abundant. Mesophyll cells of needles differentiated from originally haploid callus had chloroplasts with fairly well-developed grana. Secondary metabolites were observed in the vacuoles of some callus cells and in organ initials. Plasmodesmata were very rare in callus cells but they were characteristic of those of the needles. The electron microscope observations showed that the poor capacity for differentiation of P. abies callus cultures was not due to cytological instability.     

S02对冷藏枇杷果实品质及活性氧和多胺代谢的影响

以"大红袍"枇杷果实为试材,研究了SO2处理对冷藏枇杷果实活性氧代谢和内源多胺含量变化的影响及与果实木质化败坏的关系。结果表明,SO2可提高超氧物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,抑制过氧化物酶(POD)活性的上升,减少H2O2的积累。经SO2处理的果实,精胺(Spm)和亚精胺(Spd)含量的变化很小,基本维持在贮前水平上,腐胺(Put)的积累则受到极大抑制,贮藏5周后的果实不出现木质化败坏症状。这些结果表明,SO2可能通过维持活性氧代谢的平衡,抑制活性氧的积累,从而防止果实木质化的发生。     

Accumulation of agmatine in chayote (Sechium edule) leaves during development

Arginine, agmatine, putrescine and spermidine were found in the apical parts and leaves of chayote ( Sechium edule Swartz ) at various stages of development. The concentration of agmatine, the immediate decarboxylation product of L-arginine, increased considerably in young leaves at the first emergence of floral buds. Young leaves always had a relatively higher content of agmatine than older ones. There was a decrease in the concentration of agmatine from the apical part to the basal leaves. Agmatine was the predominant amine in young leaves at every stage of development (50–90% of the whole amine pool). It was also predominant in mature leaves when the floral buds appeared (70% of the total amine content). An accumulation of agmatine could not be found in other Cucurbitaceae species.     

多胺在微生物中的研究进展

多胺是一类小分子脂肪族类化合物,存在于微生物体内,其合成代谢与微生物细胞的增殖和分化密切相关,参与微生物的多种生理过程,在促进细胞分化、增殖,维持细胞膜、DNA 和 RNA 的稳定,以及生理应激方面发挥重要作用。该文就多胺的代谢、转运以及多胺在微生物中的生理功能等方面进行综述,为多胺在微生物中的研究提供较为丰富的资料。     

Generation of large insert yeast artificial chromosome libraries

The development of YAC cloning technology has directly enhanced the relationship among genetic, physical, and functional mapping of genomes. Because of their large size, YACs have enabled the rapid construction of physical maps by ordered clone mapping and contig building, and they complement other molecular approaches for mapping complex genomes. Large insert libraries are constructted by size fractionating large DNA embedded in agarose and protecting DNA from degradation with polyamines.