寄生植物无根藤吸器发育过程中酸性磷酸酯酶与细胞分裂素变化的研究

无根藤（ＣａｓｓｙｔｈａｆｉｌｉｆｏｒｍｉｓＬ．）吸器发育过程中,细胞内酸性磷酸酯酶与细胞分裂素含量表现出动态变化。吸器发生时,其发生部位的异成烯基腺昔（ｉＰＡ）与玉米素核昔（ＺＲ）含量较对照部位分别高２０倍和６倍,表明吸器的发育与细胞分裂素密切相关。吸器的侵入生长是由于酸性磷酸酯酶影响寄主组织细胞,然后通过吸器生长的压力挤碎寄主细胞而侵入生长,是化学作用与物理作用共同作用的结果。     

省藤属11种棕榈藤亲缘关系的AFLP分析

分别对棕榈科11种省藤属植物的基因组总DNA进行EcoRⅠ+TaqⅠ与EcoRⅠ+PstⅠ限制性双酶切,采用AFLP标记技术分析其亲缘关系.用12对引物对11种棕榈藤的30个代表植株进行选择性扩增,共得到扩增谱带998条,其中多态条带981条,多态性带达98.3%.用MEGA 4.0软件中p-distance计算结果显示,11种棕榈藤30份样本间的遗传距离在0.050～0.391之间,平均为0.297;当遗传距离为0.15时,11种棕榈藤可聚为4个组;第Ⅰ组包括直立省藤、滇南省藤、杖藤、小省藤、勐腊鞭藤、长鞭藤、褐鞘省藤共7个种,第Ⅱ组仅有云南省藤1个种,第Ⅲ组由宽刺藤和泽生藤2个种构成,第Ⅳ组仅含省藤一种,可能为新种.AFLP检测结果表明,以形态特征为依据所划分的鞭轴亚属(Rhachicirrus)植物单独聚为一类;而原始省藤亚属(Protocalamus)和省藤亚属(Calamus)两个亚属的物种在整个聚类图上互相交叉渗透,各亚属植物未能独立成组;省藤亚属植物种之间遗传分化程度较高.因此,省藤属植物之间的亲缘关系和分亚属的标准、依据还需更深入地研究.     

基于代谢组学的南方菟丝子和金灯藤质量比较研究

目的:比较研究南方菟丝子和金灯藤的化学成分,对差异性成分进行定量.方法:采用基于UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS的代谢组学方法对南方菟丝子和金灯藤中小分子化学轮廓进行表征,利用多变量数据统计方法发现各自的特征性成分,整合HPLC-UV方法对45批南方菟丝子和金灯藤商品药材差异性成分进行定量分析.结果:南方菟丝子和金灯藤化...     

省藤属四种植物的核型分析

报道了省藤属 (Calamus) 4种植物的核型 :小省藤 (C gracilis)的核型公式为 2n =2x =16m 10sm ,盈江省藤 (C nambariensisvar yingjiangensis)为 2n =2x =16m 10sm ,宽刺藤 (C platyacanthus)为 2n =2x =14m 12sm ,高地省藤 (C nambariensisvar alpinus)为 2n =2x =14m 12sm。其体细胞染色体数均为 2n =2 6 ,核型不对称性类型为 2B ,说明其种间染色体核型差异小。但小省藤臂比值大于 2的染色体占 12 % ,而宽刺藤、盈江省藤和高地省藤为 30 % ,说明在系统发育中 ,前者可能更为原始     

海南石斛属和金石斛属植物多糖及氨基酸含量分析

石斛(Dendrobium Sw.sp.)为贵重的中药之一,国内外学者在其有效成分的研究中做了大量的工作[1].     

钩叶藤属和省藤属导管分子的比较研究

本文描述３种钩叶藤属（Ｐｌｅｃｔｏｃｏｍｉａ）植物茎的后生木质部导管分子,并与省藤属（Ｃａｌａｍｕｓ）比较分析。钩叶藤属的导管分子大部分具单穿孔板．类似省藤属,但具复穿孔板导管分子的比量和横隔数目以及导管分子长度均比省藤属大．讨论了导管分子特化同两属天然分布植被区的关系。     

药用美洲大蠊氨基酸和维生素含量分析

以人工饲养条件下不同发育阶段的美洲大蠊Periplaneta americana为材料,测定了其氨基酸和维生素的含量。结果表明,美洲大蠊各虫态均含有18种氨基酸,氨基酸总量为23. 27%～29. 44%,人体必需氨基酸含量占44. 04%～49. 55%,优于联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织推荐的40%的标准,属于优质蛋白质资源。与成虫期相比,若虫期氨基酸含量较高,色氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、天门冬氨酸和甘氨酸较为丰富。所检测的5种维生素中,维生素E含量最高,刚蜕皮成虫及雌成虫含量均超过12 mg·kg^-1。美洲大蠊相关产品促睡眠、抗氧化功能可能与其富含色氨酸、谷氨酸和维生素E有关。     

永泰藤山自然保护区药用种子植物资源及区系分析

统计分析了永泰藤山省级自然保护区种子药用植物物种资源及其区系成分。藤山省级自然保护区有种子药用植物159科531属935种,分别占区内种子植物的84．1％、70．8％、53．9％,其区系成分复杂,科的区系成分以热带和泛热带成分比例最大;属的区系成分以热带成分占优势,热带性质较为明显,与本区的森林植物区系成分相近。同时提出保护区药用种子植物可持续利用与经营对策。     

天门冬属九种药用植物的氨基酸和微量元素分析

百合科(Liliaceae)天门冬属(Asparagus (Tourn.)L.)植物具有悠久的药用历史,如天门冬(A.cochinchinesis (Lour) Merr.)早在汉代《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,具有滋阴、润燥、降火、止咳等功效。现代药理研究及临     

Pollen morphology of the genus Orobanche L. (Orobanchaceae)

A comparative palynological study of 25 taxa of the genus Orobanche L. belonging to section Trionychon Wallr. and section Orobanche L. was carried out. A clear difference between the pollen grains of section Trionychon and section Orobanche was observed. The grains of section Trionychon are typically tricolpate, radially symmetrical, more or less oblate spheroidal, with a microreticulate, or scabrate-perforate sculpture. Section Orobanche on the other hand, had spheroidal, more or less inaperturate pollen grains, although some were tricolpate, but without any clear symmetry. The basic surface sculpture of the pollen in section Orobanche was scabrate to rugulate-perforate. Palynoiogicaliy, six groups can be recognized amongst the species of the genus Orobanche , lor which a key is provided.     

中国淫羊藿属药用植物一新种

记载了产于我国贵州的淫羊藿属（小檗科）药用植物一新种:黔北淫羊藿。     

Anatomical and Histochemical Studies of Haustrial Development of Cassytha filiformis L.

This paper deals with the haustorium development of parasitic plant (Cassytha filiformis L.) parasitized on purple willow (Salix purpurea L.).The polarity occurred in the portion near the host; and the cushion-shaped haustorial plate formed, and then the haustorial primordium initiated in the cortex. Finally, the haustoria reached the cortex of pith of the host, penetrating through its own cortex and epidermis. Tracheary elements were differentiated from the base of the haustoria and the sieve elements were not observed in the haustoria. Histochemical studies revealed that there were starch grains in normal stem cortex. The starch grains were increased in the portion near the axis after twisting on host. After the haustorial plate was formed, the starch grains were richly accumulated in the central group of cells, which were followed by the haustorial development; The starch disappeared in the meristem, in which protein stained deeply; The dynamic change of protein turned oK to be contrary to the tendency of starch accumulation. The structure and parasitic mechanism and the dynamic change of starch and protein are discussed.     

Effect of fluchloralin on protein synthesis, free amino acids and hydroxyproline content in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Cultivar TMV-2 of groundnut plant {Arachis hypogaea L.) was grown in a nutrient solution containing fluchloralin at the rate of either 2 mg litre^-1 or 4 mg litre“¹. Protein synthesis and hydroxyproline content in the cell walls of roots, stem and leaves were determined. Free amino acids content and total ammonia in leaves and roots were also analysed. Presence of fluchloralin did not adversely affect protein synthesis. No significant effect of herbicide was observed on hydroxyproline content of a purified cell wall fraction of groundnut roots, stem and leaves. The total amount of ammonia increased in roots and leaves of plants which received the higher concentration of fluchloralin. With the exception of aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid and glutamine, free amino acids content decreased considerably with herbicide treatment. Alanine and glycine were strongly reduced. It is suggested that transamination reactions could be affected and the process of senescence may be enhanced.     

Biocontrol of broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk. and Orobanche foetida Poir. ) by Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate Bf7-9 from the faba bean rhizosphere

Bacteria of the faba bean (Vicia faba L.)/Orobanche spp. root environment were evaluated for their potential use as biocontrol agents for the parasitic weed. Bacteria were isolated mainly from the rhizosphere of faba bean as well as from diseased Orobanche underground structures and an Orobanche-suppressive soil from three districts of northern Tunisia. Out of 351 bacterial isolates, 337 were tested for pathogenicity in an inverted pyramidal-shape screening programme including a Lactuca sativa L. seedlings bioassay, root-chamber and pot experiments. In pre-selection screening on L. sativa seedlings, 37 isolates (11%) showed a strong growth inhibitory effect, of which 70 and 84% also had a significant suppressive activity on the pre-emergence structures of O. foetida and O. crenata, respectively, in root-chamber experiments. Among five bacterial isolates selected for pot trials, strain Bf7-9 of Pseudomonas fluorescens showed high biocontrol activity against both species of Orobanche and positively influenced faba bean growth. The bacterium reduced shoot emergence of O. crenata and O. foetida by 64 and 76% and their dry weight by 39 and 63%, respectively, compared with non-inoculated controls. Pseudomonas marginalis strain Nc1-2 exhibited also a tendency to reduce incidence of O. crenata and to improve faba bean performance. Results of the present study suggest that application of naturally occurring rhizosphere bacteria offers an additional approach for biocontrol of Orobanche spp. that can supplement current methods of control in an integrated weed management strategy.     

紫菀根中矿质元素及氨基酸质量分数的测定

采用原子吸收分光光度法和高效液相色谱法测定了紫菀根中的矿质元素和游离氨基酸的质量分数。矿质元素Cu、Zn、Fe、Mg、Ca、Mo、Mn、Se的质量分数分别为 42 .89、5 8.14、92 0 .93、2 5 48.2 5、392 5 .43、0 .6 5、5 2 .18mg·Kg- 1 、<0 .0 0 0 5mg·Kg- 1 ;氨基酸 :天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、苏氨酸、组氨酸 +精氨酸、丙氨酸、蛋氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸的质量分数分别为 2 6、17、40、36、190、36、37、80、8.7、4.5、13、41mg·Kg- 1 。     

Changes with aging in the levels of amino acids in rat CNS structural elements II. Taurine and small neutral amino acids

Taurine (Tau) and the small neutral amino acids glycine (Gly), serine (Ser), threonine (Thr), and alanine (Ala) were measured in 53 brain areas of 3- and 29-month-old male Fisher 344 rats. The ratio of highest to lowest level was 34 for Tau, 9.1 for Thr, 7.6 for Gly and Ser, and 6.5 for Ala. The heterogeneity was found in numerous areas; for example, Tau levels were more than 90 nmol/mg protein in 6 areas, and less than 20 nmol/mg protein in 10 areas. Similar heterogeneity was found with the other amino acids. The relative distribution of the small neutral amino acids showed several similarities; Tau distribution was different. With age, four amino acids decreased in 10–18 areas, and increased in only 1–3, while Thr increased in more areas than it decreased. The five amino acids of this paper, and the four of the previous paper, are among the amino acids at highest level in the brain; the sequence in their levels shows considerable regional heterogeneity.     

胡葱与洋葱、葱过氧化物酶同工酶研究及聚类分析

本文对胡葱与洋葱、葱的功能叶过氧化物酶同工酶电泳图谱分析和聚类分析表明：这三个种及葱的3个交种闻的亲缘关系被区分开来;胡葱与洋葱的亲缘关系比胡葱与大葱的亲缘关系更近。     

Feeding pigs amino acids as protein-bound or in free form influences postprandial concentrations of amino acids,metabolites, and insulin

Dietary proteins need to be digested first while free amino acids (AAs) and small peptides are readily available for absorption and rapidly appear in the blood. The rapid postprandial appearance of dietary AA in the systemic circulation may result in inefficient AA utilisation for protein synthesis of peripheral tissues if other nutrients implicated in AA and protein metabolism are not available at the same time. The objective of this experiment was to compare the postprandial concentrations of plasma AA and other metabolites after the ingestion of a diet that provided AA either as proteins or as free AA and small peptides. Twenty-four male growing pigs (38.8 ± 2.67 kg) fitted with a jugular catheter were assigned to one of three diets that provided AA either in protein form (INT), free AA and small peptides (HYD), or as free AA (FAA). After an overnight fast and initial blood sampling, a small meal was given to each pig followed by serial blood collection for 360 min. Postprandial concentrations of plasma AA, glucose, insulin, and urea were then measured from the collected blood. Non-linear regression was used to summarise the postprandial plasma AA kinetics. Fasting concentrations of urea and some AA were higher (P < 0.05) while postprandial plasma insulin and glucose were lower (P < 0.01) for INT than for HYD and FAA. The area under the curve of plasma concentration after meal distribution was lower for INT for most AAs (P < 0.05), resulting in a flatter curve compared to HYD and FAA. This was the result of the slower appearance of dietary AA in the plasma when proteins are fed instead of free AA and small peptides. The flatter curve may also result from more AAs being metabolised by the intestine and liver when INT was fed. The metabolism of AA of the intestine and liver was higher for HYD than FAA. Providing AA as proteins or as free AA and small peptides affected the postprandial plasma kinetics of AA, urea, insulin, and glucose. Whether the flat kinetics when feeding proteins has a positive or negative effect on AA metabolism still needs to be explored.