抗SmD1抗体对系统性红斑狼疮诊断的临床意义

目的探讨抗SmD1抗体的测定对系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)诊断的临床意义。方法用免疫学方法分别检测SLE患者90例、非SLE病例对照组患者100例及健康对照组患者70例血清中的自身抗体。抗SmD1抗体的检测用ELISA方法;抗Sm抗体、抗双链DNA(dsDNA)抗体、抗核小体抗体(ANuA)的检测用免疫印迹法。结果 SLE组患者血清中抗SmD1抗体阳性率为75.6%;抗ANuA抗体阳性率为56.7%;抗Sm抗体的阳性率为24.4%;抗dsDNA抗体阳性率为47.8%。SmD1抗体阳性率明显高于ANuA抗体、Sm抗体及dsDNA抗体,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且抗SmD1抗体的特异性为98.2%。结论与传统的检测指标比较,抗SmD1抗体具有较高的敏感性和特异性,可作为诊断SLE的一项重要的特异性检测指标。     

骨肉瘤中抗骨桥蛋白抗体与化疗药物联合应用的实验研究

目的:探讨抗骨桥蛋白(OPN)抗体治疗骨肉瘤的有效性及协同化疗药作用的可能性.方法:选用MTX、ADM、DDP、IFO4种药物,应用抗OPN特异性抗体与化疗药物联合作用于骨肉瘤MG-63细胞株,加入不同浓度梯度化疗药物,分别在加药后0、24、48、72小时用MTT方法测定吸光值.结果:MTT实验结果显示,在抗OPN特异性抗体作用于MG-63细胞后,化疗药物对MG-63细胞增殖抑制作用增强,具有明显的荆量依赖性和时间依赖性.并且在化疗药物一定的浓度及时间点下所检测的吸光值显示,抗OFN特异性抗体干扰与否,化疗药物的增殖抑制作用具有显著性差异,说明抗OPN特异性抗体作用下化疗药物对MG-63细胞的敏感性提高.提示抗OPN特异性抗体与化疗药物联合治疗骨肉瘤具有有效性及协同作用.结论:抗OPN特异性抗体对MG-63细胞系提高对化疗药物的敏感性有协同作用,具有广泛的潜在的临床应用价值.OPN可能成为骨肉瘤药物治疗中的一个靶点.     

应用血清学方法鉴别急性和慢性病毒性乙型肝炎

本文用ELISA间接法检测急性和慢性乙型肝炎病人血清特异性抗HBcIgG,用ELISA捕捉法检测特异性抗HBcIgM。11例急性乙肝病人急性期抗HBcIgM100％阳性,抗HBcIgG全部阴性;恢复期抗HBcIgM 81.8％阴转,抗HBcIgG则100％阳转。17例慢性乙肝病人抗HBcIgM82.35％阳性,抗HBcIgG 100％阳性。被检血清经密度梯度超速离心,证实抗HBcIgM和抗HBcIgG两类抗体反应在急性和慢性乙肝病人血清中具有不同的动态规律。     

抗金黄色葡萄球菌IgY的酶解稳定性及活性研究

目的:考察抗金黄色葡萄球菌特异性IgY的酶解稳定性和酶解产物的活性。方法:以灭活的金黄色葡萄球菌免疫产蛋母鸡,抗体经水稀释及盐析分离纯化。抗体在不同条件下经胃蛋白酶或胰蛋白酶消化。抗体及酶解产物的特异性和活性分别用ELISA法和凝集法检测,酶解产物用SDS-PAGE和Western-blotting鉴定。结果:免疫产生的抗体具有特异性,能与金黄色葡萄球菌凝集而抑制其生长。分离纯化后抗体纯度与标准IgY相近。IgY在pH<4时完全酶解;pH等于4时部分酶解生成Fab片断,具有特异性和凝集活性;pH>4时,抗体稳定,不发生酶解。结论:抗金黄色葡萄球菌特异性IgY及其酶解生成的Fab片断,具有特异性和抑菌活性,有望代替抗生素用于细菌感染性疾病的治疗。     

不同戊肝抗原检测抗-HEV IgM反应性研究

目的比较不同戊肝抗原检测抗-HEVIgM反应性。方法用HEVE30、E42、E33合成肽和HEVORF-2重组抗原建立酶免疫试验（EIA）检测肝病患者和健康人群中抗-HEVIgM。结果60份抗-HEV阳性血清中,用E30、E42、E33及重组抗原包被检测抗-HEVIgM,阳性率分别为76.6%,26.6%,18.3%,66.7%。用E30抗原进一步检测戊肝急性期及恢复期血清,抗HEVIgM阳性率为90%及3.3%。结论以HEVE30为抗原的EIA特异性强、灵敏度高,是戊型肝炎早期诊断实用可靠的方法。     

应用鼠单抗显示鼠组织中特异性抗原的免疫细胞化学方法

作者在应用小鼠抗肾综合征出血热病毒(HFRSV)单克隆抗体(MAbs)免疫细胞化学法定位HFRSV自然感染大鼠组织中的病毒抗原时发现,部分大鼠组织的特异性HFRSV MAbs的染色切片及无关MAb对照和空白对照染色的切片中均出现血液。血细胞,血管壁,单核吞噬细胞系统,肾小球毛细血管及散在的心肌和肝细胞阳性,说明组织中有交叉反应。免疫双扩试验,羊抗鼠IgG桥抗可与大鼠Ig产生免疫沉淀反应,提示,组织中的交叉反应是由桥抗与大鼠细胞中本身存在的Ig(EIg)反应所致。为了避免EIg对特异性病毒抗原染色的干扰,我们以HFRSV MAbs预先分别与二抗羊抗鼠IgG结合,再用正常鼠Ig结合可能存在的二抗中尚未结合MAbs的Fab结合位点,制成一抗分子复合物,并以此作为一个新的相当于羊源性单克隆抗体孵育组织,以抗羊抗体连接羊PAP的多重PAP法显示一抗分子复合物的特异性抗原结合位点,结果显示该方法具有一抗的特异性,以有多重PAP法的敏感性,可有效的避免因EIg产生的交叉反应。用小鼠抗大鼠Kappa轻链MAb按同样方法制备一抗分子复合物用于染色证实,产生交叉阳性的部位确为大鼠组织中的Ig。病毒抗原及Ig的定位结果说明,HFRSV自然感染大鼠组织中的病毒抗原有广泛分布,也存在免疫复合物,但后者有别于HFRS人体组织的分布,另外,心肌及肝细胞Ig阳性说明该组织存在因HFRSV感染所造成的组织损伤,该损伤可能与机体的免疫反应有关。     

不同戊肝抗原检测抗—HEV IgM反庆性研究

目的 比较不同戊肝抗原检测抗－HEV IgM反应性,方法 用HEV E30、E42、E33合成肽和HEV ORF－2重组抗原建立酶免疫试验（EIA）检测肝病患者和健康人群中抗－HEV IgM。结果60份抗－HEV阳性血清中,用E30、E42、E33及重组抗原包被检测抗－HEV IgM,阳性率分别为76.6%,26.6%,18.3%,66.7%。用E30抗原进一步检测肝急性期及恢复期血清,抗HEV IgM阳性率为90％及3.3%。结论 以HEV E30为抗原的EIA特异性强、灵敏度高,是戊型肝炎早期诊断实用可靠的方法。     

不同戊肝抗原检测抗-HEVIgM反应性研究

目的　比较不同戊肝抗原检测抗 -HEVIgM反应性。方法用HEVE30、E42、E33合成肽和HEVORF 2重组抗原建立酶免疫试验 (EIA)检测肝病患者和健康人群中抗 HEVIgM。结果 6 0份抗 HEV阳性血清中 ,用E30、E42、E33及重组抗原包被检测抗 HEVIgM ,阳性率分别为 76 .6 % ,2 6 .6 % ,18.3 % ,6 6 .7%。用E30抗原进一步检测戊肝急性期及恢复期血清 ,抗HEVIgM阳性率为 90 %及 3 .3 %。结论以HEVE30为抗原的EIA特异性强、灵敏度高 ,是戊型肝炎早期诊断实用可靠的方法。     

免疫诊断细胞方法(续三)

<正> 检查已处理的红细胞的特异性及其与Ig结合能力。检查已处理的红细胞的特异性及其与相应分类免疫球蛋白的相互作用可用下列方法。①用抗一个类型的免疫球蛋白抗体处理红细胞,仅应与该类免疫球蛋白出现血球凝集,但不与其他类凝集,使用的免疫球蛋白可通过层析法和通过带上特异性抗体免疫吸收剂分离。②用携带抗一个类型的免疫球蛋白抗体     

抗α-INF卵黄抗体的制备与鉴定

用人抑制素（１－２６）Ｔｙｒ．Ｇｌｙ与ＫＬＨ连接作免疫原,免疫本地良种母鸡,观察血清及卵黄中特异性抗体的应答,结果经免疫的鸡免疫应答,所产卵的卵黄中可检出大量的有高度活性的抗体。综合运用ｐＨ值、非示蛋白沉淀法和球蛋白沉淀法,制得纯度较高的抗抑制素ｅＩｇＹ。采用阻断ＥＬＩＳＡ法证实所获得的ｅＩｇＹ具有高度的特异性。用ｅＩｇＹ被动免疫未成年昆明鼠,子宫重量明显增加,由此可以用鸡做生物反应器大量生产抗抑     

Rapid modification of antibodies on the surface of liposomes composed of high-affinity protein A-conjugated phospholipid for selective drug delivery

Antibody-modified liposomes, immuno-liposomes, can selectively deliver encapsulated drug ‘cargos’ to cells via the interaction of cell surface proteins with antibodies. However, chemical modification of both the antibodies and phospholipids is required for the preparation of immuno-liposomes for each target protein using conventional methods, which is time-consuming. In the present study, we demonstrated that high-affinity protein A- (Protein A-R28: PAR28) displaying liposomes prepared by the post-insertion of PAR28-conjugated phospholipid through polyethylene glycol (PEG)-linkers (PAR28-PEG-lipo) can undergo rapid modification of antibodies on their surface, and the liposomes can be delivered to cells based on their modified antibodies. Anti-CD147 and anti-CD31 antibodies could be modified with PAR28-PEG-lipo within 1 h, and each liposome was specifically taken up by CD147- and CD31-positive cells, respectively. The cellular amounts of doxorubicin delivered by anti-CD147 antibody-modified PAR28-PEG-lipo were significantly higher than those of isotype control antibody-modified liposomes. PAR28-PEG-lipo can easily and rapidly undergo modification of various antibodies on their surface, which then makes them capable of selective drug delivery dependent on the antibodies.     

Antibody arrays for high-throughput screening of antibody-antigen interactions

We have developed a novel technique for high-throughput screening of recombinant antibodies, based on the creation of antibody arrays. Our method uses robotic picking and high-density gridding of bacteria containing antibody genes followed by filter-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening to identify clones that express binding antibody fragments. By eliminating the need for liquid handling, we can thereby screen up to 18,342 different antibody clones at a time and, because the clones are arrayed from master stocks, the same antibodies can be double spotted and screened simultaneously against 15 different antigens. We have used our technique in several different applications, including isolating antibodies against impure proteins and complex antigens, where several rounds of phage display often fail. Our results indicate that antibody arrays can be used to identify differentially expressed proteins.     

Antibody protects against lethal infection with the neurally spreading reovirus type 3 (Dearing).

The mammalian reoviruses have provided a valuable model for studying the pathogenesis of viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS). We have used this model to study the effect of antibody on disease produced by the neurally spreading reovirus type 3 (Dearing) (T3). Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies protect mice from fatal infection with T3 after either footpad or intracerebral virus challenge. Protection occurs with monoclonal antibodies directed against the viral cell attachment protein sigma 1, and with polyclonal antisera without T3 sigma 1 binding activity. In vivo protection occurs with both neutralizing and nonneutralizing monoclonal antibodies. Antibody-mediated protection does not require serum complement and, under specific circumstances, can occur via Fc-independent mechanisms. Antibody can protect mice when transferred up to 5 days after intracerebral challenge and up to 7 days after footpad challenge, times when high titers of virus are present in the CNS. Thus, antibody mediated protection against this neurally spreading virus does not require neutralizing antibody or serum complement and occurs even in the face of established CNS infection.     

治疗性抗体的研究进展

作为一种具有靶向性的生物大分子,单克隆抗体始终是人们关注的热点之一,被广泛用于治疗肿瘤、病毒感染和抗移植排斥等。但鼠源单克隆抗体的临床应用受限于诱导产生人抗鼠抗体、肿瘤渗入量低、亲和力低和半衰期短等。随着分子生物学技术的发展及其向各学科的渗透,通过基因操作技术对抗体进行改造,可使其适用于多种疾病的治疗。抗体人源化已经成为治疗性抗体的发展趋势,同时各种抗体衍生物也不断涌现,它们从不同角度克服了抗体本身的应用局限,也为治疗人类疾病提供了利器。本文简要介绍上述技术的基本原理、特点和治疗性抗体的研究进展。     

A Flexible Mouse-On-Mouse Immunohistochemical Staining Technique Adaptable to Biotin-Free Reagents,Immunofluorescence, and Multiple Antibody Staining

Immunohistochemistry on mouse tissue utilizing mouse monoclonal antibodies presents a challenge. Secondary antibodies directed against the mouse monoclonal primary antibody of interest will also detect endogenous mouse immunoglobulin in the tissue. This can lead to significant spurious staining. Therefore, a “mouse-on-mouse” staining strategy is needed to yield credible data. This paper presents a method that is easy to use and highly flexible to accommodate both an avidin-biotin detection system as well as a biotin-free polymer detection system. The mouse primary antibody is first combined with an Fab fragment of an anti-mouse antibody in a tube and allowed sufficient time to form an antibody complex. Any non-complexed secondary antibody is bound up with mouse serum. The mixture is then applied to the tissue. The flexibility of this method is confirmed with the use of different anti-mouse antibodies followed by a variety of detection reagents. These techniques can be used for immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), as well as staining with multiple primary antibodies. This method has also been adapted to other models, such as using human antibodies on human tissue and using multiple rabbit antibodies in dual immunofluorescence.     

Protein microchips: use for immunoassay and enzymatic reactions

Different proteins such as antibodies, antigens, and enzymes were immobilized within the 100 x 100 x 20-microm gel pads of protein microchips. A modified polyacrylamide gel has been developed to accommodate proteins of a size up to 400,000 daltons. Electrophoresis in the microchip reaction chamber speeded up antigen-antibody interactions within the gel. Protein microchips were used in immunoassays for detection of antigens or antibodies, as well as to carry out enzymatic reactions and to measure their kinetics in the absence or presence of an inhibitor. A protein microchip can be used several times in different immunoassays and enzymatic kinetic measurements.     

Theory of long distance interaction between antibodies and antigens

Measuring the kinetics of antigen-antibody bindings we found an unexpected effect that can be explained by an automatic long distance detection of antigens by antibodies over up to 2 mm. We have developed a theory based on phase locking of THz waves, which leads antibodies automatically to their antigens. A mathematical proof of principle is done.     

Transfer and multiplex immunoblotting of a paraffin embedded tissue

As we transition from genomics to the challenges of the functional proteome, new tools to explore the expression of proteins within tissue are essential. We have developed a method of transferring proteins from a formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissues section to a stack of membranes which is then probed with antibodies for detection of individual epitopes. This method converts a traditional tissue section into a multiplex platform for expression profiling. A single tissue section can be transferred to up to ten membranes, each of which is probed with different antibodies, and detected with fluorescent secondary antibodies, and quantified by a microarray scanner. Total protein can be determined on each membrane, hence each antibody has its own normalization. This method works with phospho-specific antibodies as well as antibodies that do not readily work well with paraffin embedded tissue. This novel technique enables archival paraffin embedded tissue to be molecularly profiled in a rapid and quantifiable manner, and reduces the tissue microarray to a form of protein array. This method is a new tool for exploration of the vast archive of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue, as well as a tool for translational medicine.     

抗黄曲霉尿酸氧化酶单克隆抗体的制备和初步鉴定

目的:制备抗黄曲霉尿酸氧化酶单克隆抗体。方法:采用杂交瘤技术,获得2株针对重组黄曲霉尿酸氧化酶(rUOX)的杂交瘤细胞McAb17和McAb3;采用盐析和A蛋白亲合层析柱纯化该抗体。结果:McAb17和McAb3的腹水效价达到1∶512000,纯化后获得纯度大于95%的单抗,抗体亚类(型)分别为IgG1/k型和IgG2a/k型;ELISA结果显示制备的单抗与rUOX和Rasburicase(商品化rUOX)可发生特异反应。结论:制备了抗黄曲霉尿酸氧化酶单克隆抗体McAb17和McAb3,为检测rUOX在动物体内的代谢变化提供了良好的实验基础。