嗜热网球菌纤维二糖差向异构酶在枯草芽孢杆菌中的表达及发酵优化

通过化学方法合成嗜热网球菌(Dictyoglomus thermophilum)来源的纤维二糖差向异构酶基因ce,将其引入到载体pBSuL3-ce,构建重组质粒pBSuL3-ce并转化进枯草芽孢杆菌,发酵48h后测定胞内酶活为7. 5U/ml。酶学性质结果表明:该酶的最适pH为8. 5;最适温度为85℃,85℃的半衰期为120min。为降低发酵成本,对发酵培养基进行优化:以35g/L豆粕粉为氮源、5g/L甘油为碳源时,酶活力最高可达12. 3U/ml。依据摇瓶优化的条件在3L发酵罐中扩大培养,胞内酶活达到56U/ml,比摇瓶培养酶活提高了8倍。利用发酵所得酶制备乳果糖,在乳糖浓度为400g/L、反应温度为85℃、初始pH 8. 5、加酶量为20U/ml的条件下,乳果糖转化率可达51%。     

Determination of an economical medium for growth of Clostridium butyricum fermentum

本文重点在于提高酪酸梭状芽孢杆菌活菌数量,降低发酵培养基成本.通过对发酵培养基中不同碳源、氮源、生长因子等进行单因素研究,得到最佳培养基组成:可溶性淀粉10 g/L,豆粕(中性蛋白酶水解3 h)20 g/L,玉米浆3g/L.用此培养基在37℃培养24h,采用高层半固体琼脂试管法对酪酸梭状芽孢杆菌进行活菌计数,活菌数可达8.2×108 cfu/mL.培养基中添加K2HPO4 5g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 0.2 g/L、MnSO4·H2O 0.2 g/L培养32 h时,酪酸梭状芽孢杆菌芽孢转化率可达95％.     

豆粕水解液为氮源发酵产脂肪酶的研究

研究了以豆粕水解液作为氮源,假丝酵母Candida sp．99—125发酵生产脂肪酶的过程。分析水解时间对于产酶的影响,对比豆粕水解前后作为氮源发酵时的产酶规律。在30L发酵罐中批次发酵酶活最高可达6000IU／mL,采用豆油反馈流加之后,发酵脂肪酶活力可达8500IU／mL。     

Eremothecium ashbyii T_(30)发酵产脂肪酶特性的研究

研究了一株核黄素高产突变株E .ashbyiiT3 0 产脂肪酶的条件 ,确定了比较合适的脂肪酶发酵培养基 :豆饼粉 30g/L ,玉米浆 30ml/L ,豆油 5ml/L ,KH2 PO4 5g/L ,MgSO4 ·7H2 O 0 15g/L ,pH消前7 5。T3 0 在此培养基上振荡培养 2 8h ,既定条件下测脂肪酶活力可达 2 32酶活单位 /ml(较原株提高 36 5 % ) ,从一个侧面证实其突变株特性。另外 ,对T3 0 所产脂肪酶的诱导酶属性及脂肪酶在T3 0 核黄素发酵过程中的作用也进行了初步探讨     

重组枯草芽孢杆菌发酵廉价原料生产普鲁兰酶

[目的]构建长野芽孢杆菌普鲁兰酶突变体枯草芽孢杆菌工程菌株,优化发酵条件,筛选廉价的培养基原料生产普鲁兰酶。[方法]利用分子生物学手段,将基因pul324和表达载体p WB980连接,构建表达质粒p WB-pul324并转化Bacillus subtilis WB600;对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE分析和初始酶活的测定。进一步优化发酵条件,对不同碳源和氮源进行发酵培养基的筛选,同时研究不同金属离子的添加和培养基初始p H、接种量对发酵产酶的影响。[结果]获得基因工程菌B.subtilis WB600/p WB-pul324,SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示在89 k Da处有特异性条带,发酵初始酶活为12.34 U/ml;筛选得到玉米淀粉水解液和玉米浆干粉为培养基最适碳源和氮源,其最适浓度分别为50 g/L和30 g/L。Mn~(2+)、Fe~(3+)、Fe~(2+)和Tween-80的添加能提高发酵产酶活力。在最适初始p H 6.5,以最适5%接种量接种于优化后的培养基中,摇瓶发酵80 h普鲁兰酶的酶活达到414.48 U/ml。[结论]实现了普鲁兰酶突变体在枯草芽孢杆菌中的高效表达,筛选获得的培养基主要原料经济低廉,经过发酵条件优化后,重组菌酶活达到414.48 U/ml,是之前研究结果(20.16U/ml)的20倍。     

发酵产丁二酸过程中废弃细胞的循环利用

对厌氧发酵产丁二酸后的废弃细胞进行破壁处理,考察了以细胞水解液作为有机氮源重新用于丁二酸发酵的可行性。比较了超声破碎、盐溶、酶解3种方法破碎细胞获得的水解液作为氮源发酵产丁二酸的效果,结果表明酶解制得的细胞水解液效果最佳。以总氮含量为1.11g/L的酶解液(相当于10g/L酵母膏)作为氮源发酵,丁二酸产量可达42.0g/L,继续增大酶解液用量对耗糖、产酸能力没有显著提高。将细胞酶解液与5g/L酵母膏联用发酵36h后,丁二酸产量达75.5g/L,且丁二酸生产强度为2.10g/(L·h),比使用10g/L酵母膏时提高了66.7%。因此,厌氧发酵产丁二酸结束后的废弃细胞酶解液可以替代原培养基中50%的酵母膏用于发酵。     

酪酸梭状芽孢杆菌低成本培养基的优化

本文重点在于提高酪酸梭状芽孢杆菌活菌数量,降低发酵培养基成本。通过对发酵培养基中不同碳源、氮源、生长因子等进行单因素研究,得到最佳培养基组成：可溶性淀粉10/L,豆粕（中性蛋白酶水解3h）20g／L,玉米浆3g／L。用此培养基在37℃培养24h,采用高层半固体琼脂试管法对酪酸梭状芽孢杆菌进行活菌计数,活菌数可达8．2×10^8cfu／mL.培养基中添加K2HPO45g／L、MgSO4·7H2O0．2g／L、MnSO3·H2O0．2g/L培养32h时,酪酸梭状芽孢杆菌芽孢转化率可达95％。     

Eremothecium ashbyii T30发酵产脂肪酶特性的研究

研究了一株核黄素高产突变株E.ashbyii T30产脂肪酶的条件,确定了比较合适的脂肪酶发酵培养基,豆饼粉30g/L,玉米浆30ml/L,豆油5ml/L,KH2PO45g/L,MgSO4.7H2O 0.15g/L,pH消前7．5,T30在此培养基上振荡培养28h,既定条件下测脂肪酶活力可达232酶活单位／ml(较原株提高36．5％）,从一个侧面证实其突变株特性,另外,对T30所产脂肪酶的诱导酶属性及脂肪酶在T30核黄素发酵过程中的作用也进行了初步探讨。     

重组Humicola insolens角质酶的高密度发酵优化 *

在采用前期已构建的重组菌E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET20b(+)-hic进行高密度发酵制备角质酶时发现,在高诱导强度发酵时,菌体浓度下降明显。同时,通过测定纯化重组角质酶的磷脂水解活性,考察验证了重组酶对宿主细胞的损伤作用。重组酶的磷脂酰乙醇胺活性为9.8U/mg(NPB水解比活力为1 047.6 U/mg),在卵黄平板出现了明显的反应圈现象。在此基础上尝试了高菌体浓度结合高诱导强度的发酵策略,以进一步提高重组酶在3L罐中的表达水平。优化后的最佳条件及结果为:OD₆₀₀为75时,恒速流加0.8g/(L ·h)的乳糖溶液,发酵24h后,酶活达到最大值4 788.0U/ml,约为摇瓶发酵酶活的28倍,与OD₆₀₀为50时、流加0.2 g/(L ·h)进行诱导的发酵策略(酶活2 233.0 U/ml)相比,提高幅度约为114.0%,发酵时间缩短40.0%。     

Amphibacillus xylanus谷氨酸脱氢酶基因工程菌培养条件优化

首先构建了5株表达NADH依赖型谷氨酸脱氢酶的大肠杆菌基因工程菌,获得来源于Amphibacillus xylanus的谷氨酸脱氢酶AxyGDH。其最适温度为60℃、最适p H为8.0,该条件下比酶活达到(903.1±24.6)U/mg,酶活半衰期为167h。其次,确定了表达AxyGDH的大肠杆菌基因工程菌E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET-28a(+)-AxyGDH的产酶条件:诱导剂IPTG浓度为0.7mmol/L、诱导温度为25℃;优化后的培养基组成为:甘油11.3g/L,酵母粉16.3g/L,Mg SO_4·7H_2O 0.62g/L,NaCl 0.5g/L,Na_2HPO_4·12H_2O 17.1g/L,KH_2PO_43g/L,NH_4Cl 1.5g/L。最后,在10L发酵罐中控制比生长速率为0.2h~(-1)进行补料分批发酵,所得AxyGDH的发酵酶活为(9 066±45)U/ml,是LB摇瓶发酵酶活的51.1倍,为谷氨酸脱氢酶的低成本生产奠定了基础。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.