整合冠心病风险SNPs功能及分子网络特征筛选疾病易感基因

目的:冠心病(Coronary Heart Disease,CHD)是一种由多因素(遗传因素、环境因素以及它们之间的相互作用)引起的复杂疾病。本文从遗传因素和分子互作模式识别新的冠心病易感基因。方法:结合冠心病群体遗传SNPs数据和PPI数据,通过群体遗传数据的风险评估、功能SNPs的判定和PPI网络基因的分类,以功能SNPs属性、网络拓扑属性和基因功能属性为特征,利用两步分类的方法筛选新的冠心病易感基因。结果:获得了69个新的冠心病易感基因,其中43个被文献证实与冠心病的发生发展密切相关,且识别的新的易感基因注释的KEGG通路中有很多是已知的易感基因所没有注释到的,如MAPK signaling pathway,Calcium signaling pathway,Focal adhesion和Chemokine signaling pathway等,其中Chemokine signaling pathway被证实是CHD发展的关键通路。结论:应用本文提出的整合筛选策略,能识别与冠心病相关的新的易感基因,可为冠心病的预防、诊断和治疗提供新的研究方向。     

Identification of novel regulators of apoptosis using a high-throughput cell-based screen

High-throughput subcellular imaging is a powerful tool for investigating the function of genes. In order to identify novel regulators of apoptosis we transiently transfected HeLa cells with 938 hypothetical genes of unknown function, and captured their nuclear images with an automated fluorescence microscope. We selected genes that induced greater than 3-fold increase in the percentage of apoptotic nuclei compared with vector-transfected cells. The full-length genes C10orf61, MGC 26717, and FLJ13855 were identified as candidate proapoptotic genes, and their apoptotic effects were confirmed by DNA fragmentation ELISAs and Western blotting for caspase-7 and PARP. We conclude that a subcellular image-based apoptotic screen is useful for identifying genes with proapoptotic activity.     

Sequencing and Analysis of Approximately 40 000 Soybean cDNA Clones from a Full-Length-Enriched cDNA Library

A large collection of full-length cDNAs is essential for the correct annotation of genomic sequences and for the functional analysis of genes and their products. We obtained a total of 39 936 soybean cDNA clones (GMFL01 and GMFL02 clone sets) in a full-length-enriched cDNA library which was constructed from soybean plants that were grown under various developmental and environmental conditions. Sequencing from 5′ and 3′ ends of the clones generated 68 661 expressed sequence tags (ESTs). The EST sequences were clustered into 22 674 scaffolds involving 2580 full-length sequences. In addition, we sequenced 4712 full-length cDNAs. After removing overlaps, we obtained 6570 new full-length sequences of soybean cDNAs so far. Our data indicated that 87.7% of the soybean cDNA clones contain complete coding sequences in addition to 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions. All of the obtained data confirmed that our collection of soybean full-length cDNAs covers a wide variety of genes. Comparative analysis between the derived sequences from soybean and Arabidopsis, rice or other legumes data revealed that some specific genes were involved in our collection and a large part of them could be annotated to unknown functions. A large set of soybean full-length cDNA clones reported in this study will serve as a useful resource for gene discovery from soybean and will also aid a precise annotation of the soybean genome.Key words: EST, full-length cDNA, functional annotation, legume, soybean     

采用酵母双杂交法筛选HbMyb1相互作用蛋白

HbMyb1是橡胶树死皮病相关基因,为了进一步研究HbMyb1的功能,采用酵母双杂交方法,从胶乳cDNA文库中筛选出10个与HbMyb1发生相互作用的蛋白,包括已知的橡胶延伸因子和橡胶小粒子蛋白等,其中4个分别与3-羟酰基-ACP-脱氢酶、NAD-依赖的山梨糖醇脱氢酶、氧化还原酶、假定的富含亮氨酸重复蛋白具有同源性的蛋白,其余4个为未知蛋白。     

Identification of genes related to Parkinson's disease using expressed sequence tags.

In a search for novel target genes related to Parkinson's disease (PD), two full-length cDNA libraries were constructed from a human normal substantia nigra (SN) and a PD patient's SN. An analysis of the gene expression profiles between them was done using the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) frequency. Data for the differently expressed genes were verified by quantitative real-time RT-PCR, immunohistochemical analysis and a cell death assay. Among the 76 genes identified with a significant difference (P > 0.9), 21 upregulated genes and 13 downregulated genes were confirmed to be differentially expressed in human PD tissues and/or in an MPTP-treated mice model by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Among those genes, an immunohistochemical analysis using an MPTP mice model for alpha-tubulin including TUBA3 and TUBA6 showed that the protein levels are downregulated, as well as the RNA levels. In addition, MBP, PBP and GNAS were confirmed to accelerate cell death activity, whereas SPP1 and TUBA3 to retard this process. Using an analysis of ESTs frequency, it was possible to identify a large number of genes related to human PD. These new genes, MBP, PBP, GNAS, SPP1 and TUBA3 in particular, represent potential biomarkers for PD and could serve as useful targets for elucidating the molecular mechanisms associated with PD.     

The evolutionary analysis of "orphans" from the Drosophila genome identifies rapidly diverging and incorrectly annotated genes

In genome projects of eukaryotic model organisms, a large number of novel genes of unknown function and evolutionary history ("orphans") are being identified. Since many orphans have no known homologs in distant species, it is unclear whether they are restricted to certain taxa or evolve rapidly, either because of a lack of constraints or positive Darwinian selection. Here we use three criteria for the selection of putatively rapidly evolving genes from a single sequence of Drosophila melanogaster. Thirteen candidate genes were chosen from the Adh region on the second chromosome and 1 from the tip of the X chromosome. We succeeded in obtaining sequence from 6 of these in the closely related species D. simulans and D. yakuba. Only 1 of the 6 genes showed a large number of amino acid replacements and in-frame insertions/deletions. A population survey of this gene suggests that its rapid evolution is due to the fixation of many neutral or nearly neutral mutations. Two other genes showed "normal" levels of divergence between species. Four genes had insertions/deletions that destroy the putative reading frame within exons, suggesting that these exons have been incorrectly annotated. The evolutionary analysis of orphan genes in closely related species is useful for the identification of both rapidly evolving and incorrectly annotated genes.     

Serial analysis of gene expression: rapid RT-PCR analysis of unknown SAGE tags.

In a pilot study on SAGE on Reed-Sternberg cells we have sequenced 1055 tags representing 701 genes. Screening of the GenBank database resulted in the identification of a corresponding gene or EST for 490 of them. For 211 of the tags no homology could be detected. A major problem of the serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) approach is how to further analyse the unknown tags. We have developed an RT-PCR-based method, rapid analysis of unknown SAGE tags (RAST-PCR), to analyse the expression of the corresponding genes. This approach can be used as a screening method to investigate whether or not the gene is differentially expressed between several cell types of interest.     

松树蜂毒腺转录组分析

【目的】构建入侵种松树蜂Sirex noctilio毒腺转录组数据库,筛选并分析松树蜂毒腺基因数据。【方法】采用新一代高通量测序平台Illumina HiSeq^TM 4000对松树蜂雌成虫毒腺进行转录组测序、数据组装和生物信息学分析。【结果】共获得12.7 Gb松树蜂雌成虫毒腺有效转录组数据,并组装到37 098条unigenes,平均长度968 bp,N50长度为2 364 bp。将所得的unigenes数据使用BlastX与各大数据库比对,共注释到13 515条unigenes,并且在NR数据库中注释的unigenes最多,共11 108条(占总数的29.94%),其中相似基因占比最高的物种为丽蝇蛹集金小蜂Nasonia vitripennis,达815条(占总数的7.29%)。在GO数据库中注释到5 726条unigenes,根据功能被分为生物学进程、细胞组分和分子功能3大类63个亚类。KEGG代谢通路分析表明,7 602条unigenes注释到357个代谢通路。根据基因注释信息进一步筛选到43条嗅觉相关基因,包括嗅觉受体(odorant receptor, Or)基因25条、化学感受蛋白(chemosensory protein, CSP)基因10条、离子型受体(ionotropic receptor, IR)基因5条和气味结合蛋白(odorant binding protein, OBP)基因3条。此外,还筛选出11条漆酶基因,包括漆酶1(laccase1, LAC1)基因5条、漆酶2(laccase2, LAC2)基因4条、漆酶4(laccase4, LAC4)基因1条和漆酶9(laccase9, LAC9)基因1条,且其中1条LAC2基因在所有被注释的基因中表达量最高(FPKM值=21 126)。【结论】本研究获得的松树蜂毒腺转录组数据为松树蜂毒液组分的鉴定和生物学功能的研究奠定了一定的理论基础。     

药用资源植物山莨菪的转录组信息分析

为了增强对资源植物山莨菪的深入了解,本研究采用高通量测序技术对山莨菪进行转录组测序分析,经过处理得到71 463个Unigenes。通过与多个数据库进行比对,对基因进行分类和分析注释,最终成功获得注释的基因有47 624条。将Unigenes比对到KOG蛋白质库中,有13 110个基因被注释,共有26个子类;比对到NR库中后有39 621个Unigenes被注释;转录本与Swissprot、Tr EMBL的比对结果得到GO功能注释信息,注释得到的29 309个Unigenes可被分为分子功能、生物学过程和细胞组分3个大类,62个子类;以KEGG数据库为参考,3 679条基因被注释,参与的代谢通路可归为4个大类,分别是代谢相关的通路、遗传信息处理、细胞过程、环境信息处理,其中与代谢相关的通路最多,约占所有代谢通路的一半。对山莨菪的药用活性成分的代谢通路及相关Unigenes数量和类型的统计结果表明,与生物碱相关的代谢通路最多,萜类和苯丙素类所对应的Unigenes数量最多。另外,结果还检测到31 382个SNP位点,6种SSR重复类型,其中单碱基重复类型所占的比例最高,每百万碱基中出现的单碱基重复的SSR个数有56. 52个,占45. 30%。该结果丰富了山莨菪的转录组信息数据,为该物种分子生物学方面的研究奠定了基础,有助于进一步开展对山莨菪的合理保护及开发利用工作。     

基于第三代长读段测序数据解析蜜蜂球囊菌基因的可变剪切与可变腺苷酸化

[目的]蜜蜂球囊菌(Ascosphaeraapis,简称球囊菌)是一种专性侵染蜜蜂幼虫的真菌病原,导致的白垩病是严重影响养蜂生产的顽疾,每年给养蜂业造成较大损失.本研究旨在基于已获得的第三代长读段测序数据对球囊菌菌丝(Aam)和孢子(Aas)中基因的可变剪切(alternative splicing,AS)和可变多聚腺...