The distribution of red cell enzyme and serum protein groups in a population of Dani (Pit River,West Irian)

Summary Blood samples from a series of Dani speaking persons from Pit River, West Irian have been studied for genetic variants in 14 red cell enzyme and 5 serum protein systems. Four of the red cell enzyme systems were polymorphic: acid phosphatase, 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, adenosine deaminase and phosphoglucomutase (locus 1). Two of the serum protein systems, haptoglobin and transferrin, were polymorphic. In the other systems three MDH New Guinea-1 variants were detected and two persons with variants, one MS and one SS, in the protease inhibitor system were detected also. An unusual variant in the PGM (locus 2) system has not yet been adequately identified. All other systems were monomorphic.

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Zusammenfassung Blutproben einer Anzahl Dani-sprechender Personen des Pit River-Gebietes in West-Irian wurden auf genetische Varianten in 14 Erythrocytenenzym- und 5 Serumprotein-Systemen untersucht. 4 der Erythrocytenenzym-Systeme waren polymorph: Saure Phosphatase, 6PGD, Adenosindeaminase und Phospho-glucomutase₁. Zwei der Serum-protein-Systeme, Haptoglobin und Transferrin, waren polymorph. In den anderen Systemen wurden 3 MDH New Guinea-1-Varianten gefunden, ebenso wie 2 Personen mit Varianten, 1 MS und 1 SS, im Pi-System. Eine ungewöhnliche Variante im PGM₂-System ist noch nicht ausreichend bestimmt worden. Alle anderen Systeme waren monomorph.

     

苏门答腊直角步甲族三新种记述(鞘翅目:步甲总科)

记述印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛产直角步甲族3新种。     

Experimental infection of Indonesia Taenia (Samosir strain) in domestic animals

Three 58-day old Small-Ear-Miniature (SEM) pigs, six 36-day old Landrace-Small-Ear-Miniature (L-SEM) pigs, and two 5-day old Holstein calves were each fed 3000 or 30,000 Indonesia Taenia (Samosir strain) eggs and sacrificed 27-195 days after inoculation. A total of 4922 cysticerci were recovered only from the livers of the three SEM pigs (1977 cysticerci) and six L-SEM pigs (2945 cysticerci). The infection rate in pigs was 100%. Cysticerci recovery rates of SEM and L-SEM pigs were 22.0% and 1.6%, respectively. Calves were not susceptible to Indonesia Taenia. More cysticerci were found in the liver parenchyma (L-SEM, 66.4%; SEM, 76.2%) than on the liver surface (L-SEM, 33.6%; SEM, 23.8%) of the infected animals. Most (99.86%) of the cysticerci recovered from the livers of L-SEM pigs were degenerated or calcified but 77.9% of those in the livers of SEM pigs were mature and only 22.1% were degenerated or calcified. Measurements of length, width, diameters of protoscolex, rostellum, and sucker and hooklet pattern indicated that Indonesia Taenia is very similar to Taiwan Taenia and very different from Taenia saginata and Taenia solium. The present findings indicate that Indonesia Taenia and Taiwan Taenia may be the same new species.     

Four new Globba (Zingiberaceae) species from Sumatra, Indonesia

Four new Sumatran Globba species, G. fecunda, G. talangensis, G. flavibracteata and G. acehensis are described, and illustrated. Their relationships with allied species are discussed.     

Diversification among coffee smallholders in the highlands of South Sumatra,Indonesia

Over the past decade international organizations and developing countries have been trying to promote agricultural diversification among smallholders under the assumption that smallholders are too dependent upon a narrow range of crops. The International Coffee Organization and the Government of Indonesia have promoted agricultural diversification among coffee farmers to curb production and, thereby, increase prices. In South Sumatra, Indonesia, coffee smallholders diversify on their own initiative and depend upon numerous resource systems. They diversify out of coffee and even agriculture because other investments yield attractive returns and because further diversification within agriculture is often limited by agronomic and financial constraints.The Center for Policy and Implementation Studies (CPIS), Ministry of Finance, in Indonesia funded this research.     

Local diversity and ecological distribution of arboreal Psocoptera (Insecta) in Sumatra, Indonesia, and implications for conservation

Collections of arboreal Psocoptera from the four major national parks of Sumatra and from a range of habitats outside the parks (including many of the predominant perennial crops) are appraised for diversity and species overlap between habitats. The most speciose family (Psocidae, 72 morphospecies) is investigated to determine possible surrogacy values in relation to the more taxonomically intractable Other Psocoptera (17 families, 190 morphospecies), in its incidence in 16 different habitats and four main altitudinal zones. Considerable psocid richness persists in disturbed areas, and the values of protected areas and kebun gardening systems in their conservation are noted.     

Further studies on the distribution of some serum protein and enzyme groups in South India

Summary The distribution of electrophoretic variants of 2 serum proteins and 5 red cell enzyme systems have been examined in 4 population groups from Tamilnadu.In the Haptoglobin system Hp ¹ was found in low frequency for all the 4 groups, Nadar (0.037), Reddiar (0.182), Thevar (0.100) and Miscellaneous (0.104). All samples were found to be of the TfC phenotype for the Transferrin system.The AK ² gene in the Adenylate kinase system is relatively more frequent in Miscellaneous (0.075) and Thevar (0.065), and has a lower frequency among the Nadar (0.051) and Reddiar (0.034). No variants were found at the PGM₂ locus in the Phosphoglucomutase system. For the PGM₁ locus, PGM ₁ ¹ frequencies were 0.721, 0.804, 0.796 and 0.639 for the Nadar, Reddiar, Thevar and Miscellaneous groups respectively.For the 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase system, PGD ^c frequencies were 0.048, 0.007, 0.006 and 0.012 for the Nadar, Reddiar, Thevar and Miscellaneous respectively. A single case of the Hackney was found among the Miscellaneous group. Calcutta-1 variant of the Lactate dehydrogenase was frequent in the Nadar (0.024) and Miscellaneous (0.019) and absent in the Reddiar and Thevar.The PHs ^B frequencies in the Acid Phosphatase system were 0.800, 0.794, 0.639 and 0.764 for the Nadar, Reddiar, Thevar and Miscellaneous groups respectively. 1 AC and 1 BC were found among the Nadar and Thevar respectively.

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Zusammenfassung An 4 Populationsstichproben aus Tamilnadu (Südindien) wurde die Verteilung der elektrophoretischen Varianten von 2 Serumprotein- und 5 erythrocytären Enzymsystemen untersucht. Dabei ergaben sich die folgenden wichtigen Ergebnisse. Das Hp¹-Allel ist in allen 4 Stichproben nur in geringer Häufigkeit vertreten (Nadar 0,037, Reddiar 0,182, Thevar 0,100, Sonstige 0,104). In keiner dieser Stichproben fanden sich Transferrin-Varianten. Das AK²-Allel läßt bei den Thevar (0,065) sowie in der Gruppe der Sonstigen (0,075) eine höhere Frequenz erkennen als bei den Nadar (0,051) und den Reddiar (0,034). Varianten am PGM₂-Locus konnten nicht beobachtet werden. Bezüglich des PGM ₁ ¹ -Allels wurden folgende Frequenzen ermittelt: 0,721 (Nadar), 0,804 (Reddiar), 0,796 (Thevar) und 0,639 (Sonstige). Die PGD^c-Frequenzen betragen: 0,048 (Nadar), 0,007 (Reddiar), 0,006 (Thevar) und 0,012 (Sonstige). Darüber hinaus wurde in der Gruppe der Sonstigen ein einziger Hackney-Fall gefunden. Die Calcutta-1-Variante im LDH-System fehlt in den Stichproben der Reddiar und Thevar, während ihre Häufigkeit bei den Nadar und der Gruppe der Sonstigen 0,024 bzw. 0,019 beträgt. Das Allel ph^B des Systems der sauren Erythrocytenphosphatasen kommt bei den Nadar zu 0,800 vor, bei den Reddiar zu 0,794, bei den Thevar zu 0,639 und bei den Sonstigen zu 0,764. Jeweils ein AC-bzw. BC-Phänotyp wurde bei den Nadar und Thevar beobachtet.

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Formed part of a Ph. D. Thesis. The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.     

A new variety of Globba atrosanguinea (Zingiberaceae) from Sumatra, Indonesia

A new variety of Globba atrosanguinea , var. sumatrana is described and illustrated. The difference from var. atrosanguinea is discussed. A key to varieties of G. atrosanguinea is provided.     

Territory and monogamy among Kloss' gibbons (Hylobates klossii) in Siberut Island, Indonesia.

Behavior of Kloss' gibbons was studied from July 1 to October 7, 1972 in Siberut Island, off the coast of western Sumatra, Indonesia. Reproductive groups are monogamous families with a mean family size of 3.4 individuals (n = 11 families). Such families occupy territories averaging 6.7 ha. Adults defend their territories only against members of the same sex. This intrasexual defense of territory maintains the monogamous mating system. Other social units were unmated resident females, unmated resident males, floating males, and a courting pair. Males establish territories before mating, perhaps with help from their parents. Males guard their families against predators. Females lead progression through the territory. Subadults remain peripheral to their families but other family members tend to remain within 10 m of one another.     

印度尼西亚苏门答腊Sudharmia属蜘蛛一新种记述——Sudharmia tridenticula(蜘蛛目,光盔蛛科)(英文)

在印度尼西亚苏门答腊原始常绿森林中发现一蜘蛛,经鉴定,该物种为Sudharmia属一新种Sudharmia tridenticula sp.nov.。     

An Unusual,Fangless Short-tailed Snake(Squamata,Serpentes, Homalopsidae) from Sumatra,Indonesia

Two genera of fangless homalopsid snakes Brachyorrhos and Calamophis from eastern Indonesia have been described as basal members of the clade. A third genus belonging to this group from Sumatra, Indonesia is described here based upon morphology. Fangless homalopsid snakes share 19 dorsal scale rows at mid-body, fused dorsal scales above the cloaca, 5 to 7 upper labials, divided anal plate, divided subcaudals, 15–21 teeth on the dentary, frontal bone about 23% of skull length and other morphological characters that suggest they are related. All the three genera are known only from Indonesia. The new genus and species have a distinctive skull morphology with an absent premaxilla, a more depressed skull, and a larger eye than are present in Brachyorrhos.     

Photosymbiotic ascidians from Pari Island (Thousand Islands,Indonesia)

Photosymbiotic ascidian fauna were surveyed in the subtidal zone off Pari Island in the Thousand Islands (Java Sea, Indonesia). Nine species were recorded: Didemnum molle, Trididemnum miniatum, Lissoclinum patella, L. punctatum, L. timorense, Diplosoma gumavirens, D. simile, D. simileguwa, and D. virens. All of these species have been previously recorded in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Diplosoma gumavirens and D. simileguwa were originally described from the Ryukyu Archipelago in 2009 and 2005, respectively, and all of the observed species are potentially widely distributed in Indo–West Pacific coral reefs.