裸花紫珠嫩枝扦插生根影响因子研究

以2年生实生苗的嫩枝为试材,从基质、插条部位、留叶方式、扦插季节、外源激素种类及浓度5个方面对裸花紫珠的扦插生根因子进行了系统研究。测定插穗的生根率、偏根率、生根数量及最大根长,采用隶属函数值对扦插生根效果进行综合评价。结果表明:(1)8个基质处理中,以泥炭∶蛭石∶河沙按2∶1∶1体积比混合的基质扦插效果最好,生根率74%,平均生根数5.4条;(2)插条中、上部制取的插穗扦插效果优于下部,且中部插穗的生根质量最佳;(3)插穗留叶处理的生根率显著高于不留叶处理,留两片半叶(1/2叶)时,生根率可达64%;(4)秋季(9月)为扦插最适宜季节,生根数量和最大根长均显著高于春季(4月)和夏季(7月);(5)4个浓度下,IBA处理的生根质量均高于IAA和NAA处理,其中IBA(1 000、1 500 mg·L~(~(-1)))处理的扦插效果较好,而高浓度NAA(2 000、2 500 mg·L~(~(-1)))处理明显不利于生根。     

欧洲云杉的扦插基质选择和穗条效应研究

以欧洲云杉6年生母树为采穗母株,系统研究了不同插穗条件对生根和幼苗生长的响应,同时观测了网袋容器基质配比对扦插幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:扦插后20 d愈伤组织开始形成,37 d时根尖开始出现,50～65 d是生根的高峰期和根系发育期,65 d时扦插苗根系基本形成.不同基质对欧洲云杉插穗生根率影响达到极显著水平,1份泥炭...     

南板蓝扦插繁殖技术研究

研究了不同基质、插穗不同部位、不同节数和不同植物生长调节剂对南板蓝扦插繁殖的影响。结果表明, 不同基质、插穗不同部位、不同节数和不同植物生长调节剂对插穗生根的影响均有显著差异。其中以河沙∶珍珠岩=2∶1混合基质的扦插效果最好、生根率达93.3%;顶部插穗的生根率达94.2%;2节插穗的生根率为90.7%;100mg/LIBA扦插生根率最高,达94.5%。采用适当的方法有利于提高南板蓝扦插的繁殖系数。     

草珊瑚扦插技术研究

采用4因素3水平L_9(3~4)正交试验法,以生根率、生根数和平均根长为生根效果的评价指标,研究扦插基质、萘乙酸、吲哚丁酸、插穗部位对草珊瑚Sarcandra glabra扦插生根效果的影响。结果表明,插穗部位对草珊瑚扦插生根效果影响最大,其次是扦插基质,吲哚丁酸对扦插生根有抑制作用,萘乙酸则没有显著影响。草珊瑚扦插繁殖时用顶部插穗,扦插基质采用含沙黄土生根效果最好,生根率达98.12%,生根数每棵12.11条,平均根长8.31 cm。     

IBA浓度、扦插时间对江西杜鹃和百合花杜鹃扦插生根的影响

为探明有鳞大花亚组杜鹃扦插生根的最佳IBA浓度和扦插时间,该研究以江西杜鹃、百合花杜鹃为材料,分别采用腐叶土+河沙(1:1)、泥炭+珍珠岩+蛭石(3:1:1)基质,开展了4个IBA浓度和4个扦插时间的生根试验.结果表明:IBA浓度对除老叶留存数外的所有指标有显著影响,其中100 mg·L-1 IBA处理生根率、新梢长最大,腐烂率最低,其它指标也表现良好,为最佳生根浓度;50 mg·L-1 IBA处理根幅、新梢率最大,但不定根数最少,效果其次;200 mg·L-1 IBA处理促进根系生长,但生根率较低、特别是显著抑制新梢发育;对照处理生根效果最差.扦插时间对所有生根指标均有显著影响,早春(04-18)木质化硬枝扦插除老叶留存数较差外,其它指标均表现极佳,为最适扦插时间;秋季(10-19)半木质-木质化过渡枝扦插效果其次;夏季(06-21)嫩枝及(08-16)半木质化枝生根效果极差,不宜进行扦插育苗.物种、基质对生根指标也有显著影响,百合花杜鹃扦插生根能力强于江西杜鹃,泥炭+珍珠岩+蛭石(3:1:1)基质生根效果优于腐叶土+河沙(1:1).该研究结果首次发现早春新梢萌发前采用木质化硬枝扦插可以显著提高两种杜鹃的生根效果,为该亚组杜鹃的扦插育苗提供了科学依据.     

不同基质对多穗石柯扦插生根的影响

为了筛选适宜的多穗石柯(Lithocarpus polystachyus)扦插基质，以半木质化枝条为插穗，选取5种原料(园土、黄心土、泥炭土、河沙、椰糠)设置8个基质配方，并对各基质容重、总孔隙度、pH、电导率进行测定，探讨不同基质对多穗石柯扦插成活率、生根数量及根系长度的影响。结果表明，不同配方基质的理化性质不同，多穗石柯扦插成活率、根系数量和根系长度具有显著性差异；成活率、根系数量和根系长度与基质的理化性质存在显著相关，总孔隙度大的基质不利于多穗石柯扦插成活和根系生长，pH和电导率较低的基质中多穗石柯扦插成活率较高；基质园土:黄心土:河沙(1:1:1)最适宜多穗石柯扦插繁殖，扦插成活率最高，为86.75%，其次是基质黄心土:河沙(2:1)。     

影响四季桂插穗生根若干因子研究

本文研究扦插基质、插穗枝梢成熟度和插穗留叶量对四季桂生根的影响。结果表明:枝梢成熟度和扦插基质对插穗生根有显著影响,留1片叶和留2片叶对插穗生根没有显著影响。因此,四季桂扦插宜选用半木质化成熟枝梢,并采用2/3泥炭土+1/3珍珠岩作为扦插基质,留1～2片叶效果最好。     

兴安百里香的扦插繁育试验研究

为寻求兴安百里香人工扦插繁育的适宜条件,研究了三种不同基质（校园土、细砂、珍珠岩）、两种处理（ABT生根粉溶液处理和不经处理）和三个生长期（15d,30d,40d)三因素对兴安百里香插穗的生根情况的影响。结果表明：不经生根液处理直接扦插的最佳基质为校园土;长时间（24h）ABT生根液（0.1g.L^-1)浸泡的插穗生根受到抑制,而经过0.g.L^-1ABT生根液浸渍5min插穗的校园土中在生根情况明显好于未经处理的插穗。扦插后15天的校园土中的生根率就已达到了85％,40天时达到100％。     

千层金嫩枝扦插繁殖技术

本研究用L_(16)(4~5)正交试验方法,研究了基质、穗条长度、植物生长调节剂及其浓度对千层金嫩枝扦插生根率的影响.结果表明,基质和生长调节物质对生根率有极显著的影响,而植物生长调节剂浓度与穗条长度对生根率有显著的影响,4个因素对干层金嫩枝大田扦插生根率影响从大到小分别是基质、生长调节物质、植物生长调节剂浓度和穗条长度.用浓度100 mg/L的NAA浸泡9 cm插穗2 h,在混和基质上扦插,平均生根率可达92%,且生根及新梢抽出时间早,侧根数量多,扦插效果最好.     

野生何首乌茎蔓切段根芽生长影响因素研究

以野生何首乌茎蔓为材料,研究生根促进剂种类及浓度、插穗茎节数、扦插时间、扦插基质等对其切段生根及芽生长的影响.结果表明:在不同插穗茎节数处理中,以含有三个叶节的插穗成活率最高,扦插苗长势最好,含两个茎节的插穗次之,而含有一个茎节的插穗最差;不同生根促进剂种类及其浓度对扦插生根有显著或极显著影响,在九种生根试验处理中,以4×10"mg/L NAA的处理插穗生根成活率最高,4×10-4mg/L的IBA处理次之,混合药液效果最差;疏松肥沃的扦插基质有利于何首乌扦插苗生根和幼苗生长.何首乌扦插生根受温度、湿度的影响较大,在春季的3～4月扦插效果较好,生根成活率达79.8%.     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism