SPATIAL VARIATION IN DENSITY AND BIOMASS OF PATELLID LIMPETS INSIDE AND OUTSIDE A MARINE PROTECTED AREA

Although differences in the mean density, biomass and size ofrocky intertidal biota inside and outside MPAs have been welldocumented, little is known about the variability in these attributesat different spatial scales. This topic merits investigationbecause it can influence the outcome of reproduction, competitionand predation, and thereby affect the viability of populations.In this study, a nested sampling design was used to assess differencesin density and biomass of seven species of patellid limpetsat the scales of plots, sites and shores inside and outsidea marine protected area (MPA) on the southeast coast of SouthAfrica. At the scale of plots, significant variation was morecommon inside than outside the MPA. This probably reflects differencesin the general pattern of space occupancy and quality of habitatsavailable to limpets inside and outside the MPA. Significantvariation at the scale of sites was rare. This suggests thateither the processes contributing to variability at this scalecounteract each other or that the sites were similar in termsof habitats and ecological processes. At the scale of shores,significant variation was more common in densities than in biomass,but both occurred with equal frequency inside and outside theMPA. Variation at this scale is probably driven by a combinationof recruitment and/or mortality. Five species exhibited greaterspatial variability inside than outside the MPA. The spatialpatterns observed did not appear to be linked with differencesin the mobility, habitat requirements or susceptibility of thesespecies to exploitation. The lack of consistent patterns suggeststhat each species probably responds in a different way to theecological processes operating at these spatial scales. (Received 1 February 2005; accepted 29 July 2005)     

岛礁型海洋生物保护区（IMPA）的设计和管理：理论和实例研究

本文提出和论述了岛礁型海洋生物保护区（ＩＭＰＡ）设计和管理的７条原则;生物多样性和稀缺性,生境典型性和完整性,物种－面积关系,海－陆生态交错带,人工自然化,生态脆弱性和自养型经济。并且结合我国第一个国家级海洋生物保护区－南麂列岛自然保护区（ＮＩＮＲ）设计和规划的实践,说明如何实施这些原则。     

海洋真菌的研究概况

1海洋真菌的研究历史 　　首先报道真菌存在于海洋环境中的人是Monzonneuvo＆Montagne,他们于1864年在眼子菜科波喜荡属Posidonia一植物上发现了一种子囊菌--波喜荡球壳菌Sphaeria posidonia.在这之后的近80年中,除了Crouan兄弟在1867年描述了5种海洋真菌以及Suthefland1915～1916年（1915a,b,c,1916a,b）连续报道了对海洋真菌的研究之外,大多数的菌物学家对海洋真菌的研究没有特别的兴趣.……     

KATAGNYMENE: CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL MARINE DIAZOTROPH

The marine planktonic cyanobacterial genus Katagnymene was described by Lemmermann in 1900 and is found in oligotrophic tropical and subtropical oceans. The genus comprises two species, K. pelagica Lemmermann and K. spiralis Lemmermann, and both were observed in most stations sampled during a cruise in the southwest Pacific Ocean in 1998. Katagnymene is nonheterocystous and characterized by single ensheathed trichomes that do not form colonies. Acetylene reduction-GC demonstrated that natural populations of Katagnymene fixed nitrogen and that nitrogenase activity occurred exclusively in the light during a 12:12 light:dark cycle. Whole cell immunolocalization revealed that nitrogenase (the Fe protein) appeared in 7% of the total number of cells and that these were arranged in zones composed of consecutively arranged cells. At least one zone of nitrogenase-containing cells per trichome was found. Nitrogenase was present throughout both the day and night, as shown by Western blotting, and in the same percentage of cells. Ultrastructural immunolocalization on sectioned trichomes also confirmed the presence and localization of nitrogenase in Katagnymene. Cultures of Katagnymene are able to grow on nitrogen-free media and fix nitrogen only in the light. Finally, cloning and sequencing of nifH verified the diazotrophic nature of the genus Katagnymene and demonstrated a close relationship to members of the marine genus Trichodesmium.     

一种海生超微型黄藻的色素蛋白复合体

从海生超微型黄藻品系PP983中分离得到一种水溶性色素蛋白复合物,其光学特性与普遍存在于甲藻叶绿体中的多甲藻素-叶绿素α-蛋白复合物（Peridinin-Chlorophyllα-Protein Complexes,PCP)类似,初步测得该色素蛋白复合体的分子量约为154,200,分子中多甲藻素,叶绿素α,蛋白的摩尔比为16：2：5。研究结果显示,PP983中的PCP是作为聚光色素复合体存在于藻细胞的叶绿体中的。     

OBSERVATIONS ON PHOTOHETEROTROPHY IN A MARINE DIATOM1

An unidentified species of the diatom genus Cocconeis has been isolated from the sediments of Biscayne Bay, Florida. The organism is capable of utilizing a range of organic substrates, including lactate, in the light but not in the dark, as shown by growth studies. Information is included on changes in cell carbon, nitrogen, and chlorophyll a during growth in batch culture. Data obtained on the kinetics of uptake of lactate and glucose raise questions on the possible ecological significance of photoheterotrophy among marine microalgae, particularly those in estuaries.     

一种海洋型担子菌在中国的首次报道

担子果最初淡黄色,后变深桔色,最后变成桔褐色,球形,菌核状,无柄,基部有一层白色的菌丝层,表生,单生或群生,大,直径达到1-3mm,革质,包被薄,内部胶质化。担孢子无柄,卵形、长椭圆形至盾牌形,单胞,有一根端生附属丝,3-5根侧生附属丝,附属丝渐尖,直或轻微曲折,透明。