Definition d’une distance entre deux mobiles se deplacant de facon aleatoire sur une droite

Résumé Pour le biologiste, la notion dedistance entre deux ou plusieurs éléments d’un ensemble est très utile car elle sert à mesurer laproximité, laparenté, laressemblance qui existe entre ces éléments ou parties selon le caractère auquel on s’intéresse (position géographique, situation chronologique, aptitudes, phénotypes, composition chimique etc...).

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Adistance between two mobiles performing a random walk in one dimension is defined. At a given time this distance is directly related to theprobability of encounter for the mobiles. This definition is used when the motion of the mobiles is a Wiener-Levy process, first in the case of an unrestricted random walk, then if a reflecting or absorbing barrier is introduced.

     

Le Priapisme: une urgence andrologique

If real priapism is relatively rare, prolonged erection resulting from intracavernous injections is a more and more frequent andrologic emergency. Its diagnosis only rests on physical examination. It requires as soon as possible a drainage by means of a cavernous bodies, puncture. This procedure is often sufficient and whether early done, its prevents the risks of impotence due to fibrosis of the cavemous bodies.     

Les troubles sexuels à l’origine d’une infertilité sont-ils une indication ou une contre-indication de l’A.M.P.?

The observation of 11 couples requesting MAP and presenting sexual disorders (male or mixed) responsible for infertility, led us to a number of conclusions: sexual disorders are a rare but not exceptional cause of infertility. Sexuality and the couple dynamics must be systematically assessed at an infertility visit. The absence of fertilizing sexual intercourse is not a disease, but a symptom, a body message, which always reflects psychological conflicts. Schematically, two groups can be distinguished: loving couples blocked by a repressed infantile drama or unresolved transgenerational conflicts; couples in which the desire for a child is designed to resolve serious marital dysfunction. These couples require preliminary psychotherapy and/or sex therapy to elucidate the meaning of the symptom with liberation of the couple’s sexuality, or, on the contrary, abandonment of the desire for a child until the marital conflict has been resolved. Medical management must not mask the couple’s absence of sexuality and must not promote dissociation between the sexual act and reproduction, which inevitably has certain symbolic psychological consequences. Management must be based on a multidisciplinary approach avoiding any position of omnipotence, and allowing evaluation of the indication for MAP.     

Analyse de mouvement : une revue

Image sequence analysis has been a major topic for years. It allows accessing important information on the objects of interest for detection, estimation, tracking and recognition tasks. Many applications are concerned from video to weather forecasting, robotics to in-door monitoring up to medicine. The place that it has today and the diversity of the problems to address have motivated this state-of-the-art. A generic approach has been adopted in order to provide a full view on the recent advances reported in the literature at the methodological level. After introducing the key elements to be considered (objects, observations, objectives), three main classes of methods are analysed and discussed: the differential approaches, the Bayesian techniques and the matching methods. A last section is focused on the links with medical imaging with the aim to emphasize the special features to deal with.     

Vers une thérapeutique ciblée du sarcome d’Ewing par une stratégie antisens

The Ewing sarcoma family of tumors is characterised by a translocation between chromosomes 11 and 22. This creates a rearranged chromosome 22 containing a chimeric oncogene: EWS/Fli-1. The EWS/Fli-1 protein plays an important role in the transformation of Ewing cells. The fusion region at the mRNA level coding for EWS/Fli-1 is a specific target for antisense strategies. It is indeed present only in cancer cells. We describe the in vitro and in vivo results obtained according to this idea first with antisense oligonucleotides and then with siRNAs. Finally prospects for clinical applications with antisense molecules are discussed.     

Groupe de pairs et évaluation des pratiques : une réponse récente à une question ancienne

The peer’s group method proposed by the French Society of General Practice is designed to provide a professional answer adapted to the necessity of an evaluation of professional practices and to the multiple stakes of it’s administrative supervision. It is based on the confrontation between real practice (systematic review of clinical cases chosen on a randomized basis) and the peer’s practice and the scientific data. It allows to present in a critical way the elements of evaluative process and facilitates the possible changes leading to an improvement of individual and collective professional practices towards a better quality of care.