牙鲆Ⅰ型甲腺原氨酸脱碘酶基因片段的克隆及序列分析

在GenBank中查找到已知的斑马鱼、奥尼罗非鱼、金头鲷、爪蟾等物种的Ⅰ型甲腺原氨酸脱碘酶的基因序列并运用Primer Premier 5.0软件对这些物种的Ⅰ型甲腺原氨酸脱碘酶基因序列进行同源性分析。依据同源性较大的保守区基因序列设计一对引物,并提取变态期牙鲆仔鱼总RNA作为模板进行RT-PCR,得到一条cDNA片段。将产物连接到T载体中,转化、扩增重组质粒。提取大肠杆菌中的重组质粒进行DNA测序。将DNA测序所得到的基因序列翻译成蛋白序列和已知的奥尼罗非鱼、金头鲷、底鳉、斑马鱼的Ⅰ型甲腺原氨酸脱碘酶基因序列进行同源性分析。结果显示,利用RT-PCR的方法扩增出一条280 bp的目的基因片段,比对结果发现其和奥尼罗非鱼、金头鲷、底鳉、斑马鱼的Ⅰ型甲腺原氨酸脱碘酶基因的蛋白序列的同源性分别为85%,83%,81%,71%。对蛋白序列进行生物信息学分析发现整个蛋白序列中无信号肽,无糖基化位点,无跨膜结构域,但含有一个典型的T4_deiodinase结构。在N-端第69～70区段有β-折叠中心;第35～37区段可能形成转角或无规则卷曲;第8～13区段,第16～20区段等区段是柔性区域。D1蛋白N端第8～11区段,第47～55区段,第90～91区段为优势抗原表位区域。本实验所获得的基因序列是前尚未见报道的牙鲆Ⅰ型甲腺原氨酸脱碘酶基因序列的一部分,为进一步研究该基因的结构与生物学功能奠定了基础。     

人碘化甲腺原氨酸及其衍生物的脱碘过程

甲状腺在种系发生上是最古老的内分泌腺,也是合成T_4的唯一场所。它还分泌含碘量比T_4少的其它碘化甲腺原氨酸,如3,5,3′-三碘甲腺原氨酸(T_3),3,3′,5′-三碘甲腺原氨酸(简称反T_3或rT_3)及T_2等。虽然,本世纪初即已发现T_4,以后相继又发现了其它几种碘化甲腺原氨酸;但对这些碘化甲腺原氨酸在外周组织的代谢过程一直认识不清,致使对一些生理和病理现象困惑不解。近几十年来,随着研究方法和技术的改进,对碘化甲腺原氨酸的代谢,特别是对它们在外周组织脱碘代谢过程的研究日益深入。     

三碘甲腺原氨酸对大鼠成骨细胞增殖的影响

目的:探讨三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)对大鼠成骨细胞增殖的影响。方法:采用骨组织块法原代分离培养新生SD大鼠颅骨成骨细胞,然后配置含不同浓度(10-7mol/L、10-8mol/L、10-9mol/L)T3的培养基,与大鼠成骨细胞共培养4d,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞增殖能力,采用细胞化学染色法测定成骨细胞ALP活性。结果:T3可促进大鼠成骨细胞增殖,并呈剂量依赖性;随T3浓度的增高,成骨细胞表达ALP活性增强(P<0.05)。结论:10-7mol/L～10-9mol/L浓度的T3可通过刺激成骨细胞的增殖,对预防和治疗骨质疏松发挥一定作用。     

三碘甲腺原氨酸对大鼠成骨细胞增殖的影响

目的:探讨三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)对大鼠成骨细胞增殖的影响.方法:采用骨组织块法原代分离培养新生SD大鼠颅骨成骨细胞,然后配置含不同浓度(10-7mol/L、10-8mol/L、10-9mol/L )T3的培养基,与大鼠成骨细胞共培养4d,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞增殖能力,采用细胞化学染色法测定成骨细胞ALP活性.结果:T3可促进大鼠成骨细胞增殖,并呈剂量依赖性;随T3浓度的增高,成骨细胞表达ALP活性增强(P＜0.05).结论:10-7mol/L～10-9mol/L浓度的T3可通过刺激成骨细胞的增殖,对预防和治疗骨质疏松发挥一定作用.     

鼠脑少突胶质细胞三碘甲腺原氨酸（T3）受体的一过性表达

本实验采用三碘甲腺原氨酸核受体单抗和半乳糖脑苷酸多抗的双抗体免疫细胞化学法，观察了体外次生培养的大鼠脑少突胶质细胞成熟过程中核Ｔ３受体的表达。结果发现核Ｔ３受体主要存在于未成熟的少突胶质细胞中（阳性率约８０％），而在成熟的少胶质细胞中仅占４４％。这一现象可能是甲状腺激素在脑成熟过程中具有一段关键作用时期的分子机理之一。     

甲状腺功能5 项检测在妊娠期妇女中的应用

目的:分析甲状腺功能5项检测在妊娠期妇女中的应用价值,为制定妊娠期妇女的甲状腺功能指标的参考值范围提供依据。方法:选取2013年8月~2014年12月我院收治的826例健康妊娠妇女(实验组)与794例非妊娠育龄妇女(对照组)为研究对象。采用电化学发光法检测甲状腺功能5项指标,即三碘甲腺原氨酸(TT3)、甲状腺素(TT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4),比较两组甲状腺功能异常率,并比较5项指标在妊娠早、中、晚期妇女与对照组中的差异。结果:(1)实验组甲状腺功能异常的发生率(39.10%)显著高于对照组(17.63%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(2)实验组FT4、TT4水平随着妊娠期的进展逐渐降低,TSH水平逐渐升高,且均低于对照组水平,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而各妊娠期FT3、TT3水平比较差异无统计学意义,但均略低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:甲状腺功能5项指标检测应作为妊娠期妇女的孕期必查项目之一,且制定早、中、晚期妊娠期妇女的甲状腺功能5项指标参考值范围十分必要。     

鼠脑少突胶质细胞三碘甲腺原氨酸（T＿3）受体的─过性表达

本实验采用三碘甲腺原氨酸（Ｔ３）核受体单抗和半乳糖脑苷酯（ＧＣ）多抗的双抗体免疾细胞化学法,观察了体外次生培养的大鼠脑少突胶质细胞成熟过程中核Ｔ３受体的表达。结果发现核Ｔ３受体主要存在于未成熟的少突胶质细胞中（阳性率约８０％）,而在成熟的少突胶质细胞中仅占４４％。这一现象可能是甲状腺激素在脑成熟过程中具有一段关键作用时期的分子机理之一。     

碘131 与抗甲状腺药物治疗甲亢的临床疗效比较

目的:探讨碘131(I131)和抗甲状腺药物治疗甲亢的临床疗效对比,为临床提供参考依据。方法:选择2012年1月至2014年10月我院甲状腺功能亢进患者218例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组各109例患者,观察组采用碘131治疗,对照组采用抗甲状腺药物治疗。比较治疗12个月后两组患者的临床疗效、复发率和并发症,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测治疗前后血清甲状腺激素水平。结果:治疗12个月后,观察组的有效率为92.66%明显高于对照组的69.72%,观察组的复发率为2.75%明显低于对照组的13.76%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。观察组的心脏病、肝功能受损及血象降低等不良反应的发生率为7.34%明显低于对照组32.11%,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。治疗后两组患者的血清甲状腺素(T4)、游离三碘甲状原氨酸(FT3)、三碘甲状原氨酸(T3)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)水平较治疗前降低,且观察组的降低幅度优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:碘131治疗甲亢可提高临床疗效,降低复发率,不良反应轻,可降低血清甲状腺激素水平,,值得推广应用。     

碘131联合胰岛素泵对2型糖尿病伴发甲亢患者炎性因子和甲状腺功能的影响

摘要 目的：观察碘131联合胰岛素泵治疗2型糖尿病伴发甲亢患者的临床疗效。方法：选取2017年3月至2019年1月本院收治的2型糖尿病伴发甲亢患者110例,按随机数表法分为观察组（n=55）与对照组（n=55）,观察组患者给予碘131联合胰岛素泵治疗,对照组患者给予甲巯咪唑联合胰岛素注射治疗。分别在治疗前后检测两组患者的血糖、血清炎性因子及甲状腺功能指标,比较两组患者临床有效率及不良反应发生率。结果：观察组临床有效率为92.73%,高于对照组的74.55%（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组患者空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白均下降（P<0.05）,血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、C-反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素（IL）-6、总三碘甲状腺原氨酸（TT3）、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、总四碘甲状腺原氨酸（TT4）、游离四碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT4）水平均下降,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组总不良反应率为18.18%,低于对照组的58.18%（P<0.05）。结论：碘131联合胰岛素泵治疗2型糖尿病伴发甲亢安全有效,能够更好地改善患者的甲状腺功能,降低炎性因子水平。     

甲状腺素是一种前激素吗?

50年代前,四碘甲腺原氨酸(T_4)一直被认为是甲状腺所分泌的、唯一直接在细胞水平发挥生理作用的激素。1952年Gross和Pitt-Rivers首次发现:人类血清中存在三碘甲腺原氨酸(T_3)。此后的研究证明:T_3也是甲状腺分泌的一种激素,其浓度虽仅为T_4的1/40;但无论在动物或人类,T_3的生理作用均比T_4大3～5倍。给予无甲状腺病人T_4后,可转变为     

甘肃晚二叠世二齿兽化石的发现及相关地层研究

记述了甘肃肃南县鲁沟上二叠统肃南组的二齿兽一新种──Ｄｉｃｙｎｏｄｏｎ ｓｕｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．。它以额骨与前颌骨相连,在接触处具一深的凹坑,和向前延伸的位于前颌骨中线上的一浅沟;左右鼻骨不在中线相遇。泪骨向前延伸超过前额骨等特征区别于Ｄｉｃｙｎｏｄｏｎ的其他种。它与新疆锅底坑组的Ｄｉｃｙｎｏｄｏｎ ｂｏｇｄａｅｎｓｉｓ关系密切。祁连山地区二叠系、三叠系的研究对比表明：１）肃南组的命名剖面──大青沟剖面只包括肃南组下部,该组由上下两部分组成,这在羊露河剖面和鲁沟剖面中可以得到证实。２）过去广泛使用的西大沟组（群）或“中下三叠统”,其地质体是指整合于窑沟组杂色岩之上,和产晚二叠世安加拉与华夏型混生植物群的肃南组之下的一套紫红色粗碎屑岩层。３）鲁沟剖面中覆于肃南组之上,和伏于下、中侏罗统含煤岩系之下的砂岩夹砾岩及细砂岩层,被命名为鲁沟组,属下三叠统。     

人胸腺上皮细胞培养及其分泌产物

本文通过降低培养基中血清含量,向RPMI 1640培养基中补加三碘甲腺原氨酸而获得一种人胸腺网状上皮细胞占优势生长的培养物。在此培养基中细胞经传代培养长达90天,仍维持正常形态特征。胸腺组织在培养14天后,新生细胞的突起形成网状结构,细胞化学检查和电镜观察表明具有丰富的分泌颗粒,囊泡及张力原纤维束和桥粒等上皮细胞特征。收集合并细胞培养液,经部分纯化后检查其生物活性,表现出具有促进玫瑰花结形成和降低胸腺细胞TdT活性的作用,说明培养细胞的分泌产物具有胸腺激素活性。根据形态学,细胞化学和生物活性检测结果,我们倾向于认为该培养物主要为网状上皮细胞。     

眼镜蛇血浆T3,T4,TsH浓度的年周期变化律

本文报道眼镜蛇Ｎａｊａ ｎａｊａ Ａｔｒａ甲状腺功能的年周期律。结果表明：１．眼镜蛇血浆Ｔ３、Ｔ４和ＴｓＨ的浓度均呈单峰曲线的年周期变化。血浆ＴｓＨ的浓度及血浆Ｔ３、Ｔ４浓度的高峰时间分别是４月１６日及７月２日和７月８日。血浆ＴｓＨ的高峰时间比血浆Ｔ３、Ｔ４浓度的高峰时间提前２个多月。２．眼镜蛇Ｔ３、Ｔ４分泌增多的内因是蛇自身节律性的调节。３．眼镜蛇的ＴｓＨ是甲状腺结构变化的促成者。     

Land,livestock, and livelihoods: Changing dynamics of gender,caste, and ethnicity in a Nepalese Village

Over the past 10 years, Ghusel VDC, Lalitpur District has moved from primarily subsistence agriculture into the wider cash economy aided by the Small Farmers' Development Program (SFDP), which provides credit to farmers mainly for the purchase of buffalo for milk production, and by the National Dairy Corporation, which supports local dairy cooperatives. Analysis reveals that buffalo-keeping and milk sales are increasing the well-being of many households, while at the same time creating new inequalities in gender roles and responsibilities, greater inequities between Brahmin and Tamang residents in Ghusel, and placing pressures on the ecosystem for increased supplies of fodder and fuelwood. Evidence suggests that there is critical, need for attention to the social, and particularly gender-based, implications of maintaining livestock for milk sales and to the ecological underpinnings of this livelihood system.     

Electromagnetic fields: mechanism,cell signaling,other bioprocesses,toxicity, radicals,antioxidants and beneficial effects

Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) played a role in the initiation of living systems, as well as subsequent evolution. The more recent literature on electrochemistry is documented, as well as magnetism. The large numbers of reports on interaction with living systems and the consequences are presented. An important aspect is involvement with cell signaling and resultant effects in which numerous signaling pathways participate. Much research has been devoted to the influence of man-made EMFs, e.g., from cell phones and electrical lines, on human health. The degree of seriousness is unresolved at present. The relationship of EMFs to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress (OS) is discussed. There is evidence that indicates a relationship involving EMFs, ROS, and OS with toxic effects. Various articles deal with the beneficial aspects of antioxidants (AOs) in countering the harmful influence from ROS-OS associated with EMFs. EMFs are useful in medicine, as indicated by healing bone fractures. Beneficial effects are recorded from electrical treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease, depression, and cancer.     

Highly flexible O,O′,N ligands and their Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn complexes

Three new chiral ligands bearing an O,O′,N donor set (O_methoxyO_hydroxyN_pyridine) were synthesised and coordinated to Fe^III, Fe^II, Ni^II, Cu^II and Zn^II to yield complexes with the general formula [M(OON)Cl_x]_y. While the pyridine N and the hydroxy O atoms coordinate strongly to all applied metal ions, the methoxy donor seems not to be involved in coordination, although some evidence for a weak interaction between O_Me and the Zn^II were found in NMR spectra. In the bidentate O′,N coordination mode the new ligands exhibit several coordination geometries as analysed in the solid compounds by XRD, EXAFS and EPR and in solution by UV-Vis absorption, cyclic voltammetry, EXAFS, EPR or NMR spectroscopy.     

Tuning of electronic properties of one-dimensional cyano-bridged Cu-Ni, Cu-Pd, and Cu-Pt bimetallic assemblies by stereochemistry of ligands

Preparations, XPS and electronic spectroscopy, and magnetism of seven new one-dimensional cyano-bridged coordination polymers, chiral [Cu(RR-chxn)₂][Pd(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (1), [Cu(trans-chxn)₂][M(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (2, 4, and 6 for M = Pd, Ni, and Pt), and [Cu(cis-chxn)₂][M(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (3, 5, and 7 for M = Pd, Ni, and Pt) (RR-chxn = cyclohexane-(1R,2R)-diamine, trans-chxn = racemic trans-cyclohexane-(1,2)-diamine, and cis-chxn = racemic cis-cyclohexane-(1,2)-diamine) have been reported in view of tuning of their electronic properties by stereochemistry of chxn ligands and metal-substitution. Comparison of Cu 2p_1/2 and 2p_3/2 peaks of XPS and broad d-d bands around 18 000 cm⁻¹ of electronic spectra are described systematically for 1-7. Variable-temperature magnetic measurement shows that complexes 1-7 indicate weak antiferromagnetic interactions via cyano-bridges. Because of semi-coordination coupled with pseudo Jahn-Teller elongation and electrostatic interaction for 1, the axial Cu-N coordination bond distances of 2.330(7) and 3.092(8) Å are considerably longer than those of equatorial ones in the range from 2.016(6) to 2.030(6) Å. The former bond distances of 1 are intermediate values among the related Ni (2.324(6) and 3.120(8) Å) and Pt (2.34(1) and 3.09(1) Å) complexes.     

Dispensable,Redundant, Complementary,and Cooperative Roles of Dopamine,Octopamine, and Serotonin in Drosophila melanogaster

To investigate the regulation of Drosophila melanogaster behavior by biogenic amines, we have exploited the broad requirement of the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) for the vesicular storage and exocytotic release of all monoamine neurotransmitters. We used the Drosophila VMAT (dVMAT) null mutant to globally ablate exocytotic amine release and then restored DVMAT activity in either individual or multiple aminergic systems, using transgenic rescue techniques. We find that larval survival, larval locomotion, and female fertility rely predominantly on octopaminergic circuits with little apparent input from the vesicular release of serotonin or dopamine. In contrast, male courtship and fertility can be rescued by expressing DVMAT in octopaminergic or dopaminergic neurons, suggesting potentially redundant circuits. Rescue of major aspects of adult locomotion and startle behavior required octopamine, but a complementary role was observed for serotonin. Interestingly, adult circadian behavior could not be rescued by expression of DVMAT in a single subtype of aminergic neurons, but required at least two systems, suggesting the possibility of unexpected cooperative interactions. Further experiments using this model will help determine how multiple aminergic systems may contribute to the regulation of other behaviors. Our data also highlight potential differences between behaviors regulated by standard exocytotic release and those regulated by other mechanisms.     

Interactions of an antitumor platinum compound with deoxyribonucleic acid, histones, L-amino acids, poly-L-amino acids, nucleosides and nucleotides

Interaction of cis-dichloro(dipyridine)platinum(II) (cis-PPC) with calf thymus DNA, calf thymus histone, l-amino acids, poly-l-amino acids, nucleosides, and nucleotides has been evaluated by equilibrium dialysis technics. At least a 28 % decrease in the association of cis-PPC with DNA occurs when the platinum compound is pre-incubated with l-amino acids. The greatest decrease in association is seen upon pre-incubation of the platinum compound with the free amino acids. Glut, Asp, Lys, Arg, and CySH, before the addition of a sack containing a solution of DNA. The low level of association between DNA and the amino acids tends to rule out competition between cis-PPC and amino acids for DNA association sites. cis-PPC was repelled from sacks containing positively charged poly-l-Lys, poly-l-Arg, and calf thymus histone; however, in the presence of poly-l-Glut and poly-l-Asp, cis-PPC associated with these negatively charged polymers to a considerable degree. Enhanced chloride dissociation from cis-PPC was observed in the presence of all of the amino acids and the nucleotides GMP, CMP, UMP, and TMP, but not in the presence of AMP or the nucleosides rG and dG. In the presence of calf thymus histone, the association of cis-PPC with calf thymus DNA was reduced by more than 50% at histone/DNA ratios of 0.8–1.0.These data suggest that cis-PPC or cis-Pt(II) may associate with electron-rich areas of not only nucleic acids and proteins but also with body pools of free nucleotides and amino acids. The presence of positively charged histones shielding DNA strands in vivo suggests that the most probable point of platinum-DNA association would be at de-repressed areas of DNA which are undergoing RNA synthesis. The aquated form of the platinum complex may also associate with acidic proteins which appear to be involved in the positive control of RNA synthesis and, as a result, this interaction may be of pharmacological significance.