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1.
植物的单核苷酸多态性及其在作物遗传育种中的应用   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)是基因组中最常见的遗传多态性,在遗传学研究的许多方面具有重要的作用.综述了单核苷酸多态性的发现、特点及其应用等方面对植物SNP的研究进展,并展望其在作物遗传育种中的应用前景.  相似文献   

2.
随着分子遗传学的进展 ,疾病遗传学研究从简单的单基因疾病转向复杂的多基因疾病 (如骨质疏松症、糖尿病、心血管疾病、精神性紊乱、各种肿瘤等 )与药物基因组学的研究。与前者相比 ,多基因性状或遗传病的形成 ,受许多对微效加性基因作用。这些不同基因构成的遗传背景中 ,可能有易感性主基因 (majorgene)起着重要作用。它们同时还受环境因素的制约 ,彼此间相互作用错综复杂 ,所以任一基因的多态性对疾病发生仅起微弱的作用。鉴于此 ,需要在人类基因组中找到一种数目多、分布广泛且相对稳定的遗传标记。单核苷酸多态性 (singl…  相似文献   

3.
单核苷酸多态性在作物遗传及改良中的应用   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
杜春芳  刘惠民  李润植  李朋  任志强 《遗传》2003,25(6):735-739
单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)是等位基因间序列差异最为普遍的类型,可作为一种高通量的遗传标记。已建立了PCR扩增目标序列及其产物测序和电子SNP(eSNP)等多种发现和检测SNP的方法。玉米和大豆等作物也已开展了SNP分析。一些栽培作物种质的多样性不断减少,其结果使连锁不平衡(linkage disequilibrium,LD)增加,这有利于目的基因座上SNP单元型(haplotype)与表型的相关性分析。SNP已在作物基因作图及其整合、分子标记辅助育种和功能基因组学等领域展示了广泛的应用价值。Abstract:Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) is the most common type of sequence difference between alleles,which can be used as a kind of high-throughput genetic marker.Several different routes have been developed to discover and identify SNP.These include the direct sequencing of PCR amplicons,electronic SNP(eSNP) and so on.SNP assays have been made in many crop species such as maize and soybean.The elite germplasm of some crops have been narrowed in genetic diversity,increasing the amount of linkage disequilibrium(LD) present and facilitating the association of SNP haplotypes at candidate gene loci with phenotypes.SNP analysis has been broadly used in the field of plant gene mapping,integration of genetic and physical maps,DNA marker-assisted breeding and functional genomics.  相似文献   

4.
RAPD分子标记及其在作物遗传育种中的应用   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
RAPD分子标记是一种新型的分了遗传标记,其原理是采用10个碱基的随机引物,以基因组DNA为模板进行PCR随机扩增。其优越性在于其方法简单;分析中的花费少,用时短;分析所需的DNA用量也不多等。本文着重介绍以电泳技术和PCR扩增技术为核心的分子标记以及在农作物遗传育种中的应用。  相似文献   

5.
分子标记及其在植物遗传育种中的应用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
俞志华 《生物学通报》1999,34(10):10-12
遗传标记可以说是生物群体中可识别的遗传多态性的一种表现形式。随着遗传研究特别是遗传作图的不断深入,遗传标记已从传统的以等位基因的表型识别为基础的形态标记、以染色体的结构和数目为特征的细胞学标记,及具有组织、发育及物种特异性的同工酶标记,拓展到目前已广泛应用的以DNA多态性为基础的分子标记技术。现代分子标记技术的出现和发展为植物遗传育种研究的许多领域注入了新的活力。本文着重就目前植物遗传育种中所应用的一些主要分子标记技术及其应用作一概述。1 常用的分子标记技术自80年代初有人提出用RFLP作为遗传…  相似文献   

6.
SRAP标记是基于选择性扩增开放性阅读框的新型分子标记,具有简便、高效、重复性好、高共显性等优点,在植物育种中已经得到广泛应用.本文介绍了SRAP标记基本原理和特点,对SRAP标记在遗传多样性研究、遗传连锁图谱构建、比较基因组以及分子标记辅助选择育种等方面的应用进行了综述.  相似文献   

7.
SSR分子标记在作物遗传育种中的应用   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
SSR(simple sequence repeat)是建立在PCR技术上的一种广泛应用的分子标记,具有含量丰富、多态性高、共显性等优点。本文简要介绍了SSR分子标记技术的原理和特点,重点介绍了SSR分子标记技术在作物遗传育种中的应用,主要在作物遗传多样性、基因定位、分子辅助标记、遗传图谱构建、品种鉴定和纯度鉴定等方面进行阐述。  相似文献   

8.
目的研究SNP在近交系大鼠遗传检测中的应用。方法 选取大鼠20号染色体MHC所在P12区上的9个SNP位点,应用新建立的高保真酶特异性检测SNP基因分型技术对五种常用近交系大鼠(BN、F344、WKY、LEW、SHR)和两种新培育近交系大鼠(MIJ和HFJ)进行SNP多态性分析。结果五种常用近交系的SNP检测结果与Rat Genome Database网站提供的基因型数据一致,并检测确立了新品系的SNP基因型。同时绘制出七种近交系大鼠在该9个SNP位点的遗传扩增图谱。结论运用所筛选的9个SNP位点进行大鼠多态性分析,能够快速、可靠地对BN、F344、WKY、LEW、SHR及MIJ、HFJ进行遗传监测。  相似文献   

9.
分子标记的种类及其在作物遗传育种中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
分子标记技术近年来发展很快,目前,常用的分子标记主要可以分为基于杂交的分子标记、基于PCR的分子标记、基于限制性酶切和PCR结合的分子标记以及新一代分子标记.本文对这几类分子标记中常用类型的基本原理进行介绍,并从分子标记在作物种质遗传多样性、基因定位和基因克隆以及分子标记辅助选择育种和分子设计育种中应用进行了阐述.  相似文献   

10.
SNP分子标记及其在木本植物遗传育种的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
木本植物因其生命周期长、基因组杂合度高、基因组较大、遗传背景不清晰等特性,制约了其研究进程。随着现代生物技术的发展,DNA分子标记技术在木本植物研究领域的应用越来越多,其中单核苷酸多态性(SNP)作为第三代分子标记技术以其高效、快速、稳定、可靠等诸多优点得到广泛应用。本文简述SNP标记的特点、开发方法、检测方法及其在木本植物遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析、品种鉴定、连锁图谱构建和辅助育种等方面的研究进展,为更好地应用SNP技术开展木本植物研究提供参考。  相似文献   

11.
    
It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.  相似文献   

12.
    
Han  Zhenzhi  Xiao  Jinbo  Song  Yang  Zhu  Shuangli  Wang  Dongyan  Lu  Huanhuan  Ji  Tianjiao  Yan  Dongmei  Xu  Wenbo  Zhang  Yong 《中国病毒学》2021,36(6):1652-1655
  相似文献   

13.
14.
Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.  相似文献   

15.
    
正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases  相似文献   

16.
17.
    
Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.  相似文献   

18.
    
Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.  相似文献   

19.
    
Zhao  Li  Gao  Ruqin  Lu  Roujian  Wang  Huijuan  Deng  Yao  Niu  Peihua  Jiang  Fachun  Huang  Baoying  Liang  Jiwei  Jia  Jing  Zhang  Feng  Wang  Wenling  Wu  Guizhen  Tan  Wenjie 《中国病毒学》2021,36(5):1088-1092
  相似文献   

20.
The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.  相似文献   

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