西藏雪灵芝促进消化作用实验研究

目的：探讨雪灵芝是否具有促进消化的功效。方法：选用雄性大鼠和小鼠各一批：①大鼠灌胃给不同剂量的雪灵芝提取浓缩液和蒸馏水一个月后进行消化酶的测定;并计算体重增重量、摄食量及食物利用率。②小鼠灌胃给不同剂量的雪灵芝提取浓缩液和蒸馏水（2个对照组）15d后进行小肠运动实验。结果：①雪灵芝各剂量组大鼠体重增重量均高于阴性对照组,高、中剂量组与阴性对照组的差异具有显著性（P〈0.05）。各剂量组的食物利用率均高于阴性对照组,且高、中剂量组与阴性对照组的差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。②雪灵芝各剂量组小鼠的墨汁推进率均高于便秘模型对照组,且差异均显著或非常（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。结论：雪灵芝具有促进消化功能的功效。     

中国西南地区6种植物的核型研究及其系统学意义

采用植物细胞学研究方法对主要采自中国西南地区横断山的6种植物:扁核木(Prinsepia utilis)、小叶金露梅(Potentilla parvifolia)、峨眉繁缕(Stellaria omeiensis)、金铁锁(Psammosilene tunicoides)、山卷耳(Cerastium pusillum)和独尾草(Eremurus chinensis)进行染色体数目和核型研究。研究表明:(1)6个种的核型公式和不对称性如下:扁核木2n=2x=30=1M+20m+9sm,2A;小叶金露梅2n=2x=28=21m+7sm,2B;峨眉繁缕2n=8x=72=1M+71m,1B;金铁锁在同居群下有倍性变化,2n=2x=14=14m,1A和2n=4x=28=28m,1A;山卷耳2n=2x=24=24m(2sat),1A;独尾草2n=2x=14=2m+2sm+8st+2t,4B。(2)讨论了染色体资料在这些物种分类和系统上的意义,支持扁核木为李亚科下的扁核木属;位于委陵菜属木本系的小叶金露梅主要以二倍体和四倍体为主,而草本系的委陵菜属植物多为多倍体。(3)该研究首次报道峨眉繁缕为八倍体,是繁缕属发现的最高倍性的物种;对比金铁锁属与蝇子草属的染色体研究发现,金铁锁属可能是由它们的共同祖先通过非整倍化产生;该研究首次发现山卷耳存在染色体数目2n=24的情况,且有1对随体;独尾草的研究进一步证明该物种可能为二型核。     

横断山及邻近地区风毛菊属三个种的核形态学

对风毛菊属(Saussurea)3种植物进行了核形态学研究.昂头风毛菊(Saussurea sobarocephala)核型公式为:2n=2x=34=6m 26sm 2st;弯齿风毛菊(Saussurea puewalskii)核型公式为:2n=2x=32=12m 14sm 6st;三角叶风毛菊(Saussurea deltoidea)核型公式为:为:2n=2x=34:26m 8sm,染色体数2n:34与前人报道一致.3种植物中,除三角叶风毛菊的核型不对称性为1B型外,另两种的核型不对称性均属于3B型.它们的间期核均为复杂染色体型,前期染色体为中间型.     

雪灵芝多糖的分离纯化及免疫活性评价

为分离纯化雪灵芝(Arenaria kansuensis)多糖,并对纯化组分进行分子量测定、单糖组分分析及免疫活性评价。实验采用水提醇沉法提取雪灵芝粗多糖(Arenaria kansuensis crude polysaccharide, AKCP);以DEAE-52纤维素柱对AKCP进行分离纯化,获得5个雪灵芝多糖组分AKP-1～AKP-5,进一步采用葡聚糖凝胶G-75柱对AKP-2进行分离纯化获得AKP-2a多糖组分。苯酚-硫酸法测定AKCP、AKP-2及AKP-2a的总糖含量分别为52%、70%和79%;凝胶渗透色谱-十八角度激光光散射(GPC-MALS)法检测AKP-2a的重均分子量Mw为2.07×10~5Da、数均分子量Mn为9.838×10~4Da;HPLC法检测AKP-2a是由半乳糖醛酸、甘露糖、核糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、岩藻糖10种单糖组成,其摩尔比为1∶0.25∶0.01∶0.20∶0.11∶0.25∶0.61∶0.07∶0.21∶0.12;以MTT法检测体外培养小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖,AKCP、AKP-2及AKP-2a各浓度组SI水平,均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。经NO释放实验及IFN-γELISA检测,AKP-2a各浓度组小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞培养上清中二者的水平,较对照组呈浓度依赖性增高(P<0.01)。综上结果,本研究通过分离纯化,获得了总糖含量较高的雪灵芝多糖AKP-2a组分,初步确定其分子量范围及单糖组成,并证实其具有激活淋巴细胞增殖、促进巨噬细胞功能的生物活性。     

九种报春花属植物的核形态学研究

对报春花属（Prinula)4个组9种植物进行了核形态学研究。这9个种的间期核构形均为复杂染色中心型,前期染色体属于中间型,体细胞有丝分裂中期染色体的数目及核型如下：中甸海水仙报表P.monticola(Hand.-Mazz.)Chen et C.M.Hu,K(2n)=16=12m 4sm;高穗花报春P.vialii Delavay ex Franch.,K(2n)=20=16m 2sm 2st;偏花报春P.secundiflora Franch.,K(2n)=22=18m 4sm;海仙花报春P.poissonii Fanch.,K(2n)=22=16m 6sm;霞红灯台报春P.beesiana Forr.,K(2n)=22=18m 4sm;桔红灯台报春P.bulleyana Forr., K(2n)=22=18m 4sm;橙红灯台报春P.aurantiaca W.W.Smith et Forr.,K(2n)=22=16m(sat) 6sm;粉被灯台报春P.pulverulenta Duthie,K(2n)=22=19m 2sm 1st;钟花报春P.sikkimensis Hook.,K(2n)=20=14m(1sat) 4sm 2T。其中,中甸海水仙报春和高穗花报春两种的染色体数目及核型为首次报道。同时,本文还将偏花报春与灯台组报春以及钟花组报春进行了细胞学的比较分析。     

甘肃雪灵芝资源调查及其黄酮类化合物含量差异

调查青海省甘肃雪灵芝药材资源的分布、生境和利用现状,建立高效液相色谱法对不同产区药材中异牡荆苷、异金雀花素、苜蓿素和Salcolin B等黄酮类化合物进行同时定量分析,比较不同产区上述成分的含量差异.结果发现甘肃雪灵芝在青海省主要分布于大坂山、巴颜喀拉山、乱石头山、苦海滩、昆仑山、昌麻河流域等4 000～5 000 m...     

雪灵芝粗多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:建立S180荷瘤小鼠模型,探讨雪灵芝粗多糖(AKCP)对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法:Balb/c小鼠随机分为6组:正常组、模型组、香菇多糖(LNT,0.25 mg/kg)组和AKCP-H(200 mg/kg)、AKCP-M(100 mg/kg)、AKCP-L(50 mg/kg)剂量组,除正常组外,其余5组建立S...     

横断山区六种八居群鼠尾草属植物的核型分析

鼠尾草属(Salvia)是唇形科(Lamiaceae)最大的属,属下多种为民间常用草药,亦有供观赏的种类。为探究横断山区物种在细胞学水平的进化方式,讨论形态分类学与分子系统学之间的分类关系,该研究通过广泛收集染色体文献资料,采用植物常规压片法对采集自横断山地区6种8居群鼠尾草属植物进行核型分析,并构建了中国地区分布的鼠尾草属植物叶绿体系统发育树。统计结果表明:(1)全世界范围内报道了约23%的鼠尾草属植物染色体数据,其中分布在中国地区的鼠尾草属植物染色体报道率为32.10%,分布在横断山地区的鼠尾草属植物报道率为40.54%,(2)鼠尾草属植物染色体基数以x=8和x=11为主,分布在中国地区的鼠尾草属植物染色体基数均为x=8。实验结果表明:(1)西藏鼠尾草(S. wardii)核型数据为首次报道。(2)雪山鼠尾草(S. evansiana)首次在云南德钦地区发现二倍体居群。将细胞学数据结合叶绿体进化树开展染色体进化关联分析,论证多倍化可能不是鼠尾草属物种适应高海拔环境的主要机制,表明多倍体不是该属物种形成的主要进化途径而是以二倍体水平为主,推测染色体组的加倍可能是物种在形态学与分子系统学上分类关系不一致的原因之一。该研究丰富了横断山区鼠尾草属植物的染色体核型数据,结合区域分子系统树探讨染色体特征的进化关系,为今后深入研究该属物种的核型进化做出了探索,为开展祖先物种染色体基数推演分析补充了基础数据。     

横断山区被子植物染色体研究概况

横断山区作为全球生物多样性热点地区之一 ,染色体数目的研究对探讨植物区系起源和进化有重要的意义。本文对横断山区被子植物染色体数目报道方面的情况进行收集和整理并进行统计分析 ,结果发现共有 42科 1 4 3属 51 8种被子植物有染色体数目报道。     

横断山高山冰缘带5种黄耆属植物的核型分析

通过常规植物染色压片法对采自横断山高山冰缘带地区豆科黄耆属（Astragalus）5种植物进行了染色体数目及核型分析。结果显示：川西黄耆（A. craibianus Simps.）、无茎黄耆（A. acaulis Baker）、梭果黄耆（A. ernestii Comb.）、东俄洛黄耆（A. tongolensis Ulbr.）为二倍体,窄翼黄耆（A. degensis Ulbr.）为四倍体,所有物种的染色体基数均为x=8;川西黄耆的染色体核型公式为2n=2x=16=6sm+10m,为2A型,无茎黄耆的染色体核型公式为2n=2x=16=2sm+14m,为2A型,梭果黄耆的染色体核型公式为2n=2x=16=2sm+14m,为2A型,窄翼黄耆的染色体核型公式为2n=4x=32=4sm+28m,为1A型,东俄洛黄耆的染色体核型公式为2n=2x=16=2st+2sm+12m,为2A型。已报道横断山的黄耆属物种均为二倍体,而本研究首次发现了四倍体种,研究结果补充了横断山高山地区黄耆属植物染色体的基础资料,同时为该区域的植物系统分类及属内植物进化研究提供了细胞分类学上的参考。     

青藏高原4种无心菜属植物的细胞学研究

以四川康定和稻城两个居群的无心菜属（Arenaria）雪灵芝亚属（A. subgen.Eremogoneastrum）的雪灵芝（A.brevipetala Y.W.Tsui et L.H.Zhou）、西藏八宿业拉山和安久拉山两个居群的八宿雪灵芝（A.baxoiensis L.H.Zhou）、西藏当雄和工布江达两个居群的瘦叶雪灵芝（A.ischnophylla Williams）以及西藏拉萨居群的藓状雪灵芝（A.bryophylla Fernald）为研究材料,采用植物根尖常规压片法,对它们的细胞分类学特征进行研究。结果显示：7个居群中,4种植物的染色体数目均为2n=22,为二倍体,核型公式为2n=2x=22=22 m,核型不对称性属于Stebbins's-1A型,AI值在1.75~0.32范围内变化。结合无心菜属已有细胞学资料,推断雪灵芝亚属核型特征原始,染色体数目及倍性稳定。本研究中4种植物的染色体数目和核型资料均为首次报道,补充了青藏高原无心菜属的细胞学资料。     

Cytological study of Tibetia (Fabaceae) in the Hengduan Mountains region, China

The Hengduan Mountains comprise one of the world's most important hot spots of biodiversity. Tibetia (Ali) H.P. Tsui (Fabaceae), which has four or five species in two sections, is one of the genera endemic to the region. This paper describes for the first time the karyotype of three of those species. The chromosome counts of all three are 2n = 16. The karyotypes of the species examined contain chromosomes of variable karyotypic symmetry with centromeres at median and submedian positions that correlate with the morphological characteristics of the species. Karyotypic variation at the diploid level appears to be the predominant feature of chromosome evolution in the genus and may provide a clue to the study of evolutionary patterns of plants in this region. Received: June 12, 2001 / Accepted: September 12, 2001     

大果白刺雄性不育系的细胞学研究

利用石蜡切片法对大果白刺花药进行细胞学研究,探讨雄性不育系发生败育的时期和方式以及雄性败育与药壁组织间的关系.结果表明:不育系小孢子母细胞形成前期,花药各部分结构发育正常.随着绒毡层的异常解体,多种异常现象相继出现,包括小孢子母细胞液泡化,中层、药室内壁、药隔细胞液泡化,细胞畸形,药壁细胞非正常解体等.退化后整个花药萎缩干瘪,不能开裂,无花粉.因此,大果白刺雄性不育系的绒毡层生理异常并提前退化是导致雄性不育的主要原因.     

Cyclopeptidic Constituents from Arenaria oreophila J. D. Hooker （Caryophyllaceae）

To further investigate the cyclopeptldes of the Caryophyllaceae family, two new cyclopeptldes, named Arenarlphilin E （compound 1） and Arenariphilin F （compound 2）, were obtained from Arenaria oreophUe J. D. Hooker using some Isolation methods, e. g. normal and reverse silica gel. By detailed spectroscopic analysis, such as FAB^＋-MS, 1 D NMR, 2D NMR, the structures of Arenariphilin E （compound 1） and Arenariphilln F （compound 2） were determined as cyclo（lle^1-Gly-Val^1-Ala-Leu-lle^3-lle^2-Val^2-Pro） and cyclo（Pro^2-Pro^1-Gly^2-lle-Val-Leu-Gly^1-AiaThr- Gly^3）, respectively.     

横断山区石竹科细蝇子草的染色体数目及核型报道

报道了石竹科细蝇子草(Silene gracilicaulis)的染色体数目及核型。染色体数目2n=24,染色体核型公式为2n=2x=24=22m 2sm,属2A核型。     

湖北无心菜属(石竹科)一新种——神农架无心菜

描述了湖北省神农架地区发现的石竹科一新种——神农架无心菜Arenaria shennongjiaensis Z. E. Zhao &; Z. H. Shen,并绘出了线图。该种与秦岭无心菜A. giraldii (Diels) Mattf.相近,为柔弱草本,具纺锤形块根,花瓣顶端齿裂;不同之处在于其茎有1列腺毛,花瓣顶端具4齿裂,裂片又2浅裂。     

Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for Arenaria grandiflora L. (Caryophyllaceae)

Genomic libraries of Arenaria grandiflora enriched for di- and trinucleotide repeats were used for the development of novel microsatellite markers. The subset of 13 polymorphic markers was characterized on 40 individuals of A. grandiflora originating from lowland locations in France. The loci amplified 3 to 10 alleles per locus and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.46 to 0.83. The newly developed markers will be used for population genetic studies and for assessing genetic composition of a restoration experiment of lowland A. grandiflora populations that are protected in France.     

A new species of Arenaria subgenus Odontostemma from Tibet, with a review of the status of the genus Gooringia (Caryophyllaceae)

A specimen collected in southern Tibet in 1928, hitherto identified only as "Arenanu sp.", is found to represent a new species of the subgenus Odontostemma . The new species resembles A. littledalei , the species that forms the basis of the monotypic genus Gooringia , characterized by a dwarf habit, a tetramerous perianth and only two or three stamens. Several other species of Arenaria subgenus Odontostemma resemble A. littledalei in habit and one ( A. saginoides ) is tetramerous, but hitherto none has been found with its extremely reduced androecium. The new species has an identical androecium to A. littledalei and its discovery leaves no doubt that Gooringia should not be recognized taxonomically at any rank. The new species is described as A. pharensis McNcill & Majumdar and a table compares its diagnostic features with those of A. littledalei and five other dwarf Arenaria species of sibgrnus Odontostemma from the mountains of Sikkim, Tibet, Yunnan and Tsinghai.     

Elevational patterns of functional diversity and trait of Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) in Hengduan Mountains,China

Elevational patterns of trait occurrence and functional diversity provide an important perspective for understanding biodiversity. However, previous studies have mostly examined functional diversity at the community scale. Here, we examined large-scale patterns of trait occurrence and functional diversity in Delphinium along an elevational gradient from 1000 to 5700 m in the Hengduan Mountains, SW China. Elevational distribution and trait data of 102 Delphinium species were compiled to evaluate the patterns of interspecific traits, species richness, and functional diversity. We found that the distribution of species richness showed a unimodal curve that peaked between 3500 and 4000 m; functional diversity and traits showed different patterns along an elevational gradient. The functional diversity increased at a lower rate along an elevation gradient, whereas species richness continued to increase. Species with large ranges and non-endemic species were most affected by geometric constraints. Richness of species endemic to the Hengduan Mountains peaked at higher elevations, likely due to increased speciation and restricted dispersion under alpine conditions. We conclude that the middle elevation region is not only the functionally richest but also the most functionally stable region for Delphinium, which could be insurance against environmental change. Extreme conditions and strong environmental filters in an alpine environment may cause the convergence of species traits, which could relate to reducing nutrient trait investment and increasing reproductive trait investment. We conclude that large-scale studies are consistent with previous studies at the community scale. This may indicate that the relationship between functional diversity and species richness across different scales is the same.