微柱凝胶技术在临床输血中的应用分析

随着我国科学技术和医疗卫生事业的不断发展,输血治疗已经成为临床中常用的治疗手段,但是血型鉴定、交叉配血则是临床中为了避免输血导致的不良反应的重要环节,对于输血的正常进行和效果、治疗的质量乃至患者的生命健康安全都起到了至关紧要的作用。微柱凝胶技术目前是临床中常用的血型鉴定技术,在临床输血等治疗中起到了极为重要的保障作用,不仅保证了治疗的正常进行,而且从根本上避免了输血可能造成的危险,具有不可替代的价值和作用。本文对于当前临床治疗工作中输血时使用的微柱凝胶技术进行综述,分析其应用过程和方式,以期促进临床治疗工作的发展。     

幽门螺杆菌检测技术研究进展及展望

幽门螺杆菌是(Helicobacter pylori,H. pylori)是导致人类多种胃肠疾病的主要病因,通过多种毒力因子导致各种疾病的发生和发展。鉴于目前幽门螺杆菌缺少商业化疫苗且多重耐药性问题日益严重,临床上对其根除效果不佳,因此,精准的检测技术是预防幽门螺杆菌感染的关键,也是评估感染后治疗效果的重要手段。幽门螺杆菌的检测方法主要包括尿素呼气试验、快速尿素酶试验、粪便抗原检测、血清学检查、内镜检查、组织学病理检查、聚合酶链式反应及细菌培养,每种方法在临床上皆存在优点与局限性。目前,对于幽门螺杆菌检测的“金标准”尚无统一定论,因此本文重点综述当前应用的幽门螺杆菌检测技术,分析其优点和局限性,并指明精准、快速且便捷的检测技术在流行病学调查等方面具备的优势,旨在为临床和研究提供科学的参考依据。     

Rh血型系统在输血中的作用

Rh血型与输血是一个值得重视的临床问题,Rh血型不合可引起溶血性输血反应和新生儿溶血病(HDN),输血前常规检测Rh血型,应用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物扩增(PCR-RRP)技术检测rhd基因型,具有重要的临床意义。PCR-RHD基因定型技术应用于HDN的产前诊断,可预防新生儿溶血病的发生。     

基于质谱技术的肺癌代谢标志物筛选研究进展

肺癌早期诊断可显著改善患者预后,提高患者生存率。肺癌发生发展进程伴随机体代谢物变化,因此通过对体内代谢通路的全面检测,进而结合生物信息学工具分析代谢应答变化,可高效筛选肺癌相关代谢标志物,有助肺癌早期发现。近年来已开发多种代谢检测技术用于肺癌代谢标志物筛选,其中质谱技术在检测的灵敏度、特异性、分析速度、多指标平行检测等方面展现出显著优势,因此在癌症诊断、疾病监测和治疗等领域有重要地位。该文概述了质谱技术方法在肺癌临床诊疗应用中的最新研究进展,并对应用质谱方法学研究生物标志物的前景进行了系统性展望。通过对近期研究的深入了解,预期将进一步理解肺癌代谢特征,为肺癌早期诊断和治疗提供精准评估技术手段。     

综述与专论：阿尔茨海默病体外诊断纳米技术

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是一种最常见的神经退行性疾病。AD的精准诊断技术,特别是早期诊断技术是临床亟需的。近年来,以生物标志物为基础的非侵入性体外诊断技术发展迅速,特别是利用纳米材料和纳米技术的高表面活性、独特的光电特性、生物相容性好、易于表面修饰、小型化、集成化等特点,发展了新型的AD体外检测和诊断的纳米技术,大大提升了AD检测的灵敏度和准确性,并且具有简便快速等特点,在AD疾病的早期诊断、预后判断以及疗效评估等方面发挥着重要的作用。本文综述了AD蛋白质类生物标志物检测纳米技术的研究进展,介绍了纳米材料在生物标志物富集方面发挥的重要作用,阐述了以纳米材料为基础的光电信号转导技术以及增强检测信号和提高检测灵敏度的方法。除此之外,还简要介绍了AD纳米检测技术在临床诊断、预后和疗效评估方面的应用前景,总结了AD体外诊断技术的优势及面临的挑战,为AD精准诊疗研究提供参考信息。     

乙醇生物标志物检测技术研究

乙醇作为一种常见的饮用酒精，在代谢过程中会产生多种生物标志物，这些标志物在酒精滥用诊断、疾病研究和药物评估等领域具有重要的应用价值。文章旨在系统地探讨乙醇生物标志物的检测技术，包括不同检测方法的原理与应用，以及这些方法在临床和研究中的应用情况。文章重点阐述了液相色谱-质谱法、气相色谱-质谱法、核磁共振技术和生物传感器技术在乙醇生物标志物检测中的原理及应用，分析了乙醇生物标志物检测技术面临的挑战，如技术局限性、数据整合和个体差异等，并指出了这项技术未来的发展方向。综合来看，乙醇生物标志物检测技术在医学与科研领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

血型检测与输血反应检查的深入分析

目的:探讨血型检测和输血反应检查之间的关系。方法:从2013年1月至2015年6月在临床进行输血治疗的患者中选出92例,将其分为两个小组。对其中一组患者仅采用常规血型检测后进行输血,作为对比组;对另外一组则在常规血型检测基础上联合使用交叉配血试验,作为研究组。分别运用输血反应检查技术对患者输血后的不良反应率进行记录。结果:研究组患者输血后出现输血反应的几率为13.04%(6/46),明显低于对比组67.39%(31/46),两组患者数据存在明显差异,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:利用血型检测和交叉配血试验能够有效降低患者输血后的输血反应几率,改善整体治疗的舒适度。     

病毒性出血热实验室检测

病毒性出血热是一组临床症状主要表现为发热和出血的急性传染病,病死率高,主要由四个科的RNA病毒引起,包括布尼亚病毒科、黄病毒科、丝状病毒科和沙粒病毒科病毒。该类疾病发病初期的临床症状相似,因此,建立快速、简易的实验室检测方法对及时进行临床诊断救治、开展流行病学调查并最终控制其传播流行具有重要意义。本综述对病毒性出血热的实验室检测方面进行描述,主要内容包括病原学分类及病毒分离、核酸、抗原和抗体检测的相关技术,并结合新型检测方法提出展望。     

生物标志物在微生物鉴定和检测中的应用

分析化学技术的进步促进了分析微生物学的发展,开辟了微生物鉴定和检测的新途径。检测微生物中的某些生物标志物往往可以快速、准确地鉴定和检测微生物,在临床检验、环境监测、食品卫生和防生物恐怖中有广泛的应用前景。生物标志物的种类繁多,分析技术和方法多种多样,本文就其种类、应用和发展前景做一综述。     

呼吸道病毒多病原检测技术研究进展

呼吸道病毒感染是导致人群发病和死亡的主要原因之一。通过多重病原检测迅速筛查大量致病原,已成为呼吸道病毒感染检测的重要技术。本文介绍了呼吸道病毒多病原检测技术及一些对呼吸道病毒检测有潜在应用价值的新兴技术。这些技术包括多重呼吸道病毒快速分离培养技术、传统多重逆转录PCR技术、多重实时定量PCR技术、微芯片技术、质谱技术及宏基因组技术等。这些技术的发展和应用,不但有助于提高呼吸道病毒感染的快速诊断和治疗,而且也将促进新型呼吸道病毒的发现。     

基层医院输血科工作现状及改进

输血是现代医学中重要的抢救、治疗手段,临床输血是一门极其复杂的学科。血液及其制品的管理是一项科学的系统工程,是保证血液质量、提高医疗用血效率、促进输血事业和科研技术水平不断发展的关键。输血科是医院的重要部门,具体负责临床用血的技术指导和技术实施,确保贮血、配发血和其他科学、合理用血措施的执行,其基本目的是将血液及成分安全、有效、合理而便宜的输注给需要的病人并取得疗效。输血科如何履行好职能,保证临床输血安全、科学、合理、有效,已成为当前基层医院首先需要解决的问题。本文就基层医院输血科的工作状况进行了分析,并提出完善规章制度,严格执行操作,更新输血观念,科学合理用血,开展业务新技术,保证输血有效性等相应整改措施,在实际运行中取得可喜的成绩。     

综述与专论：蛋白质即时检测新技术

蛋白质是细胞各类代谢和调控等生命功能的执行者,也是致病因子、药物等对机体作用的重要靶分子。研究蛋白质表达是理解生命现象、疾病进程和药物作用的基础。临床上常规检测方法需要大型仪器支持,但随着医学事业的发展,即时检测(POCT,也称现场检测、床旁检测)成为重要的发展趋势。POCT可以改善患者和医生之间的互动方式,建立一种积极的医疗模式。除诊断、治疗疾病外,对从事应急工作的人员来说,POCT在现场和远程检测方面都有优势,因此研发既准确灵敏又简便快捷的蛋白质即时检测方法至关重要。     

蛋白质即时检测新技术

蛋白质是细胞各类代谢和调控等生命功能的执行者,也是致病因子、药物等对机体作用的重要靶分子.研究蛋白质表达是理解生命现象、疾病进程和药物作用的基础.临床上常规检测方法需要大型仪器支持,但随着医学事业的发展,即时检测(POCT,也称现场检测、床旁检测)成为重要的发展趋势.POCT可以改善患者和医生之间的互动方式,建立一种积...     

Microchip technology applications for blood group analysis

Blood group analysis techniques are some of the most in demand immunological applications in clinical transfusion praxis and organ transplantation. In order to aid the advance towards higher throughput and increased sensitivity, analytical solutions dealing with a minimal amount of blood samples and the miniaturization of diagnostic equipment using microchip technologies have been evolving into an optimal solution. Here we review fabrication technologies for various types of microstructure on microchips, related operating procedures, and characterization approaches. Our focus is on examples of microchip technology and instrumentation used for blood group analysis ranging from classical serological methods of glycoprotein detection and solid phase assays, to nucleic acid amplification techniques. Molecular typing using microchip-based techniques is emerging as a supplement to standard serological methods. Microchip technology will play its key role to support blood group analysis at the molecular scale by using microliters of blood samples for extremely sensitive, quantitative, and high throughput analyses.     

等温扩增技术及其结合CRISPR在微生物快速检测中的研究进展

等温扩增技术因其对仪器依赖性低、核酸扩增高效等优势,非常适合于快速检测,已在微生物快速检测领域得到了广泛应用。本文从核酸提取、等温扩增(以环介导等温扩增技术(Loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)和重组酶聚合酶扩增技术(Recombinase polymerase amplification,RPA)为例)和产物检测角度,就近年来核酸等温扩增技术的发展及其在病原微生物核酸快速检测领域的应用进行综述,并概述了核酸等温扩增技术与CRISPR(Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)基因编辑技术相结合的最新研究成果,为这些新兴技术的研究和未来的发展提供新思路。     

The cornerstone of integrating circulating tumor DNA into cancer management

Recent circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) research has demonstrated its potential as a non-invasive biomarker for cancer. However, the deployment of ctDNA assays in routine clinical practice remains challenging owing to variability in analytical approaches and the assessment of clinical significance. A well-developed, analytically valid ctDNA assay is a prerequisite for integrating ctDNA into cancer management, and an appropriate analytical technology is crucial for the development of a ctDNA assay. Other determinants including pre-analytical procedures, test validation, internal quality control (IQC), and continual proficiency testing (PT) are also important for the accuracy of ctDNA assays. In the present review, we will focus on the most widely used ctDNA detection technologies and the key quality management measures used to assure the accuracy of ctDNA assays. The aim of this review is to provide useful information for technology selection during ctDNA assay development and assure a reliable test result in clinical practice.     

Alternative strategies in assuring blood safety: An Overview

Assuring transfusion safety is an essential element of health care in all countries, requiring government commitment, national policy and a legal framework. Fundamental safety strategies include selection of low risk donors, Good Manufacturing Practices in preparation of blood components, and appropriate clinical use including avoidance of unnecessary transfusions. Hemovigilance, including surveillance for known adverse events and sentinel reporting of unexpected adverse events, enhances safety through benchmarking to promote best practices and by enabling rapid responses to new threats. Preventing transmission of infectious diseases is a principal safety concern. Selection of low risk donors includes use of screening questions to elicit risk factors known to be associated with transmissible infections. Laboratory testing for specific infectious disease markers is an established strategy for interdicting contaminated donations. The sensitivity, specificity, and operational convenience of laboratory testing have improved over time and newer technologies are imminent. Donor screening and laboratory testing, while highly effective in reducing risk, cannot eliminate all risk from known agents and must be developed de novo to address emerging infections. In contrast, pathogen reduction technologies offer the possibility for robust inactivation of a broad spectrum of blood transmissible agents and provide an added safeguard against newly emerging infectious threats of most types. Current pathogen reduction methods also inactivate leukocytes, adding safety benefits similar to leukocyte removal and product irradiation. However, to date, concerns about the safety and efficacy of cellular blood components treated by pathogen reduction have prevented approval of these technologies in the U.S. and Canada. FDA is promoting clinical and basic scientific studies to clarify these issues and would consider alternative approaches to assuring blood safety if pathogen reduction technologies are proven to be safe and effective.     

Biotechnology offers revolution to fish health management

Biotechnology has many applications in fish health management. The application of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) provides a rapid means of pathogen identification; antibodies to immunoglobulins from different fish species can be used to monitor the host response following vaccination; and mAbs also have the potential for screening broodstock for previous exposure to pathogens. Luminex technology exemplifies a novel antibody-based method that can be applied to both pathogen detection and vaccine development. Molecular technologies, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real time PCR and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), have enabled detection, identification and quantification of extremely low levels of aquatic pathogens, and microarray technologies offer a new dimension to multiplex screening for pathogens and host response. Recombinant DNA technology permits large-scale, low-cost vaccine production, moreover DNA vaccination, proteomics, adjuvant design and oral vaccine delivery will undoubtedly foster the development of effective fish vaccines in the future.     

Whole blood and component use in resource poor settings

Data on blood collection, testing and component preparation has improved worldwide; however, there is limited information on blood utilization from the developing countries. Blood requirement in the Southeast Asia region is 15 million units against a collection of 9.3 million. There is huge diversity in the management of blood transfusion services, the voluntary blood collection (range 40–100%) and proportion of blood separated into components (10–95%). The major indications for transfusion are for emergency obstetric care, surgery, pediatric and trauma patients. The prevalence of thalassemia in this region is high and in India alone 2 million units of packed red cells are required for transfusion to these patients. The Blood Safety Program in India has developed as a component of the National Aids Control Program and has lead to infrastructure development, blood component separation facilities and formulation of a National Blood Policy. In order to facilitate emergency obstetric care nearer home, blood storage centers are being established at primary health care centers. Emerging infectious threats like dengue hemorrhagic fever necessitate platelet transfusion therapy. A few centers in India issue NAT screened blood. It is envisaged to establish a nationally co-ordinated transfusion service for cost-effective quality blood/components for appropriate clinical use.     

合成生物学细胞传感技术在食品安全快速检测中的应用

合成生物学细胞传感技术为快速、现场检测食品污染物提供了一种新型替代方法。由于细胞内环境相对稳定,合成生物学细胞传感器有较强的抗干扰能力;由于细胞能够通过自我复制而实现增殖,细胞传感器在生产上具有简单、廉价、快速的特点,因此在食品安全快速检测中具有良好的应用前景。本文综述了合成生物学细胞传感器核心元件的组成、构建方法和类型,介绍了多功能细胞传感器的合成生物学基因回路,列举了细胞传感器在食品安全快速检测中的商业化应用前景,并阐述了细胞传感器在食品安全快速检测中的挑战和发展趋势。