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1.
麻黄生物总碱提取生产工艺改进 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
设计考察了一种新的麻黄生物碱提取生产工艺,旨在解决现生产中的污染问题。在碱性条件下将麻黄生物碱盐苛化为生物碱形式,直接用二甲苯提取后,用2%草酸将生物碱转化为草酸盐萃取,二甲苯在工厂原有设备基础上回收循环利用,在解决污水问题的同时,简化工艺。采用析因试验确定最佳提取条件,包括提取温度、加饱和氢氧化钠量、麻黄草的粉碎程度。并考查了提取时间对提取率的影响;建立测定提取液中生物碱含量的方法。 相似文献
2.
石蒜属植物生物碱研究概况 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
论述了石蒜属植物生物碱研究进展.总结石蒜属植物生物碱的种类、药理作用以及分离纯化方法,并对石蒜属植物生物碱的近一步研究进行展望. 相似文献
3.
石蒜科药用植物生物碱的药理学研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
石蒜科药用植物主要含生物碱成分,具有广泛的药理活性.参阅近十多年来国内外石蒜科生物碱化学成分及药理学的研究文献,对石蒜科植物生物碱的几种主要药理活性进行归纳.石蒜科植物生物碱药理作用主要包括对心血管系统作用、中枢神经系统作用、对多种癌细胞的细胞毒活性或抗肿瘤作用、抗炎抗菌、抗病毒、免疫功能等方面.石蒜科药用植物生物碱有着潜在而广泛的药用价值. 相似文献
4.
《中国野生植物资源》2015,(5)
对酸性染料比色法来测定提取液的总生物碱的方法加以改进;并对以SFME法提取精油后的青花椒作原料、用不同浓度的乙醇渗漉法提取生物碱进行含量测定,确定乙醇渗漉法提取生物碱的相关工艺参数。结果表明:青花椒生物碱提取的最佳操作条件是控制渗漉液的流速在每秒2滴左右,每15 min收集约60 m L左右渗漉液,渗漉时间为2.5 h,乙醇浓度为70%~75%。 相似文献
5.
应用HPLC图谱进行石蒜属种间关系与分类研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)对石蒜属及其近缘植物中国水仙共17份样品的生物碱进行检测,以各样品生物碱色谱峰的相对保留时间为变量,采用SPSS12.0中的Q型聚类法,得到树形图。聚类分析结果显示,17份样品聚成3类:第Ⅰ类包括长筒石蒜、安徽石蒜、鹿葱、换锦花、中国石蒜、香石蒜、乳白石蒜、红蓝石蒜8个种;第Ⅱ类由石蒜、稻草石蒜、江苏石蒜、忽地笑、玫瑰石蒜、矮小石蒜组成;中国水仙单独成第Ⅲ类。聚类结果与传统分类结果有较好的一致性,并支持鹿葱、玫瑰石蒜、安徽石蒜杂交起源的观点。外形相似的忽地笑与中国石蒜,矮小石蒜与石蒜HPLC图谱明显有别,表现出较远化学亲缘关系。表明HPLC化学图谱可用于石蒜属及其近缘植物中国水仙的分类和鉴别研究,并为石蒜属植物指纹图谱研究和质量控制提供重要参考。 相似文献
6.
石蒜科植物体内的生物碱具有重要的药用价值,尽管部分生物碱的生物合成途径已被发现,但与其相关的转运机制尚未报道。本研究在忽地笑(Lycoris aurea)经茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)处理后的差异转录组测序数据的基础上,发现了一个ABC转运蛋白基因,并命名为ABCG3。采用cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术克隆了该基因的编码区全长2157bp,编码719个氨基酸,包含6个跨膜结构域。LaABCG3的组织分布与生物碱积累组织相重合。此外,在MeJA处理下,LaABCG3的表达量和石蒜科生物碱,包括加兰他敏、石蒜碱、水仙环素的含量均受到显著诱导。本研究为探索忽地笑中石蒜科生物碱的转运和积累机制打下了基础。 相似文献
7.
超声波法提取野生石蒜中加兰他敏 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
石蒜是我国丰富的野生资源之一,其鳞茎富含重要药用成分加兰他敏。为了获得石蒜中加兰他敏的超声波提取方法,以野生石蒜为原料,用乙醇作提取剂,探讨了超声波提取加兰他敏的工艺条件,并与常规溶剂法进行了比较。分析了料液比、超声波功率、提取温度、提取时间、提取次数等因素对加兰他敏提取效果的影响,运用正交实验L9(34)确定了最佳提取工艺条件。结果显示,超声波提取加兰他敏的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1:6,超声波功率250 W,提取温度60℃,提取时间1.5 h,提取2次;加兰他敏的提取率为94.6%,产率为0.0543%;提取物中加兰他敏含量为15.53%。与常规溶剂法相比,超声波法具有用时少、提取率高、提取次数少等优点,整体效果优于常规溶剂法。 相似文献
8.
研究了中国水仙在三月初、六月初、八月中、十月中及十二月中鳞茎中伪石蒜碱、石蒜碱的含量变化,以及十一月下旬至五月中旬水仙地上部及鳞茎中该两种生物碱的月变化。鳞茎及地上部中两种碱的含量在十二月下旬水仙开花前均升高,之后下降;鳞茎中伪石蒜碱含量在三月下旬又迅速上升,石蒜碱却显著下降,四、五月份伪石蒜碱下降,而石蒜碱却上升。地上部中这两个碱,自二月份开始一直下降。伪石蒜碱和石蒜碱的含量变化和水仙生长发育关系密切。在开花后伪石蒜碱和石蒜碱之间消长似有相关性。 建议在十二月或三月全株采收以提取伪石蒜碱,可合理地利用水仙资源。 相似文献
9.
目前已知石蒜科植物含有约一百五十种生物碱。其中有些生物碱具植物生长调节作用。Yamagu-chi (1953)曾以石蒜碱(Lycorinc)或石蒜裂碱(Lycorenine)处理蚕豆种子,降低其细胞分裂。Ceriotti(1967)从水仙鳞茎分离出一种生物碱Narciclasine,强烈抑制小麦侧根的生长,显示似秋水仙素的作用。Toshihiko(1968)从石蒜鳞茎分离得两个植物生长抑制剂Lycoricidinol和Lycoricidine,抑制燕麦胚 相似文献
10.
《天然产物研究与开发》2015,(7)
对复合酶法提取忽地笑石蒜碱的工艺进行优化,并用阳离子交换树脂分离石蒜碱。以纤维素酶与果胶酶的水溶液为提取溶剂,采用L9(34)正交试验考察了酶解p H、酶加入量、酶解时间和酶解温度等影响因素,以石蒜碱得率为指标,得最优提取工艺为:料液比1∶10,p H 4.5,酶添加量4%,酶解温度50℃,提取时间2.0 h,石蒜碱得率为0.1750%。D-001树脂纯化条件为:上样液p H为2,以3 BV/h流速上样,以含1.5 mol/L氨水的70%乙醇洗脱,流速为3 BV/h,初步分离后石蒜碱含量为15.28%。研究结果可为石蒜碱工业化生产提供参考。 相似文献
11.
Oxidation of ethanol and reduction of aldehyde catalysed by yeast alcohol dehydrogenase is inhibited by several naturally occurring as well as semi-synthetic protoberberine alkaloids. The affinity of these compounds for the enzyme depends essentially on their hydrophobicity. Corysamine and coptisine are the most potent inhibitors among the natural alkaloids of this group. The kinetics of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase inhibition with coptisine were analysed and equilibrium measurements using optical methods were carried out. The results suggest that the binding site of the enzyme for protoberberines is not identical with those for coenzyme and substrate though it should be located near the nicotinamide ring of bound NAD. The binding of protoberberines seems to be limited to rather superficially located hydrophobic groups in the vicinity of the active site of the enzyme. The inability of these alkaloids to protrude deeply into the molecule of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase at the catalytically important region is the main difference in their behaviour towards alcohol dehydrogenases from yeast and horse liver. 相似文献
12.
翅果油树叶片中总生物碱抗氧化活性研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
采用80%乙醇浸提翅果油树叶片中总生物碱,硅胶柱层析纯化,并用碘量法测定翅果油树叶片中总生物碱对猪油抗氧化性能的影响,用番红花红O-Mn2 -H2O2光度法测定其对羟基自由基的清除效果,用NBT光还原法测定其对超氧阴离子的清除效果.结果表明:翅果油树叶片总生物碱可有效延缓猪油的脂质过氧化反应,对猪油氧化的抑制效果显著高于同浓度的维生素C;其具有较强的清除羟基自由基和超氧阴离子的能力,EC50值分别为0.236g/L和0.101g/L,当浓度为1g/L时,其对羟基自由基和超氧阴离子的清除率可达96.04%和90.05%,显著高于同浓度的维生素C. 相似文献
13.
乌头须根总生物碱提取工艺的考察 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:考察乌头须根中总生物碱的最佳提取工艺条件。方法:酸碱滴定法测定乌头须根中总生物碱含量,以总生物碱提取率为指标,采用L9(3)~4正交实验法筛选乌头须根总生物碱的最佳提取工艺。结果:乌头须根总生物碱含量为1.094%,影响提取的主次因素为:乙醇浓度>提取次数>提取时间>乙醇用量;优选得到的最佳提取工艺为A_3B_1C_3D_3,即以8倍量80%的乙醇提取3次,每次1.5小时。结论:乌头须根总生物碱含量较高,提取工艺条件稳定、经济、可行。 相似文献
14.
Nguyen QA Van-Dufat HT Michel S Tillequin F Dumontet V Sévenet T 《Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences》2002,57(11-12):986-989
The alkaloids norchelerythrine, magnoflorine and (-)(S)-O-methylbalfourodinium cation were isolated from Zanthoxylum scandens bark collected in Vietnam, together with the flavanone glycoside hesperidin and the phenylpropanoids (E)-O-geranylconiferyl alcohol and (E)-O-geranylconiferyl alcohol (9Z, 12Z)-linoleate. This latter is a novel compound whose structure was elucidated on the basis of its spectral data and confirmed by chemical correlation. 相似文献
15.
On the basis of biosynthsis, distribution of diterpenoid alkaloids as
well as morphological evolution of Chinese species L. (Ranunculaceae), chemotaxonomy
of the genus Aconitum is discussed:
1, Subgen. Lycoctonum, containing lycoctonine-type alkaloids and Subgen. Aconitum containing aconitine-type alkaloids, were probably differetiated at the early stage
of evolution of the genus Aconitum and evolved respectively in their own ways.
2, In Subgen. Aconitum: (1) Ser. Bullatifolia, containing mainly atisine-, veatchine-type alkaloids, and amino, alcohol and ester base of aconitine-type, and distributed in Hengduan Mountain and Jingsha River valley, where is the centre of modern
differentiation of species of Aconitum, is probably a series from which Chinese species
of the genus Aconitum were derived; (2) Ser. Inflata, containing mainly aconitine,
mesaconitine and bypaconitine, is an advanced group; (3) Ser. Grsndituberosa, containing mainly aconitine and songorine, is related to Ser. Bulatifolia; (4) Ser. stylosa
and Ser. volubilia, containing mainly yunaconitine and other anisyl ester alkaloids form
another advanced branch.
3, Ser. Tangutica and A. naviculare of Ser. Rotaundifolia, containing atisine and
lactone-type alkaloids may be a specialized group in high mountains and have occurred
at early stage of evolution of the genus Aconitum.
4, Subgen. Gymnaconitum, containing atisine-type alkaloids and amino alcohol of
aconitine type, may als be a specialized group in high mountains.
5, A. franchetii Finet. et Gagnep. mainly containing ester bases of aconitine-typeand closed to A. chasmanthum Stapf, is best placed into Ser. Ambigua. 相似文献
16.
THERE is evidence that some or all of the cytotoxic effects of unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids are, in some animals, caused by pyrrolic metabolites formed by enzymatic dehydro-genation of the alkaloids in the liver1,2. These metabolites are dihydropyrrolizine alcohols like I in Fig. 1 or their esters II; one such alcohol has been identified3. Compared with the parent alkaloids these metabolites are highly reactive alkylating agents, capable of reacting chemically with tissue constituents1,2,4. 相似文献
17.
An analytical method of improved sensitivity has enabled measurements to be made of N-oxide as well as pyrrolic metabolites formed from a range of unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids in hepatic microsome preparations. Using microsomes from livers of phenobarbitone-pretreated male Fischer rats, all 13 alkaloids tested were metabolised to both N-oxides and pyrroles. The most lipophilic alkaloids gave enhanced rates of metabolism. No consistent relationship existed between rates of N-oxide and of pyrrole formation. The two pathways appeared to be independent. The ratio of N-oxide to pyrrolic metabolites varied, depending on the type of ester: it was highest for ‘open’ diester alkaloids, lowest for 12 membered macrocyclic diesters and for monoesters. Steric hindrance by the acid moiety could account for these differences, by affecting the balance between microsomal oxidation of the amino alcohol moiety at the nitrogen and C8 positions respectively and could explain the high pyrrole yields given by some macrocyclic diesters. The levels of pyrrolic metabolites bound to liver tissues and responsible for hepatotoxicity in rats given pyrrolizidine alkaloids, did not necessarily reflect the rates of formation of such metabolites measured in vitro. In the animal additional factors could influence the formation and tissue binding of pyrrolic metabolites, including the detoxication of alkaloids by hydrolysis and the chemical reactivity and stability of the toxic metabolites. A comparison of heliotridine esters with retronecine esters showed that the 7-hydroxyl or -ester configuration had a relatively small influence on the balance between formation of pyrrolic metabolites and detoxication by N-oxidation. The results did not support any hypothesis that heliotridine esters should generally be more hepatotoxic than analogous retronecine esters. The structure of the acid moiety was likely to have at least as much influence on toxicity as the base configuration. 相似文献
18.
Five synthetic compounds analogous to pyrrolizidine alkaloids have been tested for toxicity in rats. These were the bis-N-ethylcarbamate esters of synthanecines A, B, C and D (Compounds I–IV) and the bis-diethylphosphate ester (V) of synthanecine A. The amino alcohol moiety in each of these had a single 5-membered heterocyclic ring in place of the pyrrolizidine amino alcohol (necine) moiety of natural pyrrolizidine alkaloids.The toxicity of these compounds differed considerably. The synthanecine A carbamate (I) was the most toxic, male and female rats being similarly susceptible. Like many hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids, a single dose of compound I caused acute centrilobular necrosis of the liver, chronic hepatotoxicity involving the development of persistent giant hepatocytes, and chronic lung injury. Compound III had similar actions but was less toxic. The synthanecine D carbamate (IV) caused acute liver necrosis but no chronic hepatotoxicity, whereas the synthanecine A phosphate (V) had the opposite effect, with only chronic hepatotoxicity.The different toxic effects were related to the structure and metabolism of the compounds. Doses of compounds I, III and IV associated with a similar degree of acute hepatotoxicity led to similar levels of pyrrolic metabolites in the liver. Compound II, which was not hepatotoxic, gave very little liver pyrrole. The liver level of pyrrolic metabolite from the phosphate ester (V) decreased more rapidly than that from (I), and was not associated with acute toxicity.Antimitotic activity, indicated by the appearance of bizarre giant cells, was shown by compounds capable of forming pyrrolic metabolites which were bifunctional alkylating agents, but not by compound IV, which could only form a monofunctional alkylating agent. Pretreatment with phenobarbitone lowered the susceptibility of rats to compound I and greatly increased the liver level of pyrrolic metabolites associated with acute hepatotoxicity. Some rats given compounds I and III had kidney lesions primarily involving the glomerulus. The results confirm that toxic effects characteristic of many natural pyrrolizidine alkaloids can be reproduced using simplified synthetic analogues, and that such toxicity is associated with pyrrolic metabolites. 相似文献
19.
Robert R. Cruse 《Economic botany》1949,3(2):111-131
While commercial utilization of the desert flora in the American Southwest is still scarcely begun, there are possibilities of obtaining stock feed, alcohol, paper pulp, sugars, starches, resins, gums, alkaloids, oils and other extractives from the xerophytic plants of the region. 相似文献
20.
This paper reports the result of comparative anatomical studies on medicinal
roots of 53 species and varieties in the genus Aconitum from China. The anatomical structures of the roots can be classified into 6 types and 18 subtypes according to the level of their
evolution. The anatomy of Aconitum roots is discussed in relation to phylogeny based on
chemotaxonomy, cytology and other related disciplines.
It was found that the six types of Aconitum roots are correlated with chemical components, chromosomes, toxicity and the gross morphology. The relatively advanced Types I
and II roots always contain highly toxic alkaloids of diterpenoid diester of aconitine type, distributed mainly in Ser. 3, 5-11 of Sect. Aconitum of Subgen. Aconitum, while the relatively
primitive Types III, IV and II roots with small diameters contain mainly atisine and aminal
alcohol alkaloids, which have lower toxicity, present in Subgen. Gymnaconitum and Ser. 1,
2 of Sect. Aconitum of Subgen. Aconitum. The primitive Types V and VI roots of Subgen.
Lycoctonum contain mainly the most low-toxic alkaloids of lycoctonine Type. The result is
of significance both in theory or practice for the development of medicinal plant resourcesand the safety of clinical usage of these of plants. 相似文献