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1.
Wafa H. Cabrera Olga M. Ibanez Silvio L. Oliveira Osvaldo A. Sant'Anna Maria Siqueira Denise Mouton Guido Biozzi 《Immunogenetics》1982,16(6):583-592
The effect of the selective breeding of mice for high or low antibody production to complex immunogens is largely nonspecific, since it modifies the responsiveness of high (H) and low (L) lines to many antigens unrelated to the selection antigen. However, the nonspecific effect of the polygenic control operating in these lines is not a general feature. For example, the group of genes in selection IV, carried out for responsiveness to somatic antigen of Salmonella, does not modify the responses to sheep erythrocytes (SE). Despite equivalent responses in H and L mice of selection IV, a large variability was found in individual responses of F2 interline hybrids, which demonstrates the presence of alleles with high or low effect on responses to SE. A selective breeding (Selection IV-A) was therefore initiated from this F2 population for responsiveness to SE. A progressive interline divergence occurred during the first seven generations of selection; the interline separation was due to polygenic regulation (about four independent loci from a preliminary estimate).Equivalent responses to the s antigen of Salmonella are observed in the two lines. This constitutes additional evidence for distinct polygenic regulation of responses to SE and to somatic antigen. Moreover, the pattern of responses to several unrelated antigens (nonspecific effect) also differs between Selections IV and IV-A.Abbreviations H
high responder lines
- L
low responder lines
- s
somatic antigen of Salmonella
- f
flagellar antigen of Salmonella
- R
response to selection
- S
selection differential
- F0
foundation population
- h2
heritability (realized)
- RGG
rabbit gamma globulin
- CE
chicken erythrocyte
- HE
human erythrocyte
- PE
pigeon erythrocyte
- SE
sheep erythrocyte 相似文献
2.
Osvaldo A. Sant'Anna Olga M. Ibanez Vera C. A. Ferreira Marisa Gennari Denise Mouton 《Immunogenetics》1983,18(4):359-364
High (H/s) and low (L/s) antibody responder lines of mice selected according to their response to the somatic (s) antigen of Salmonella (Selection IV) have unexpected inverse capacity for antibody production to rabbit gamma globulin (RGG): H/s mice are low or even nonresponders to this antigen, whereas L/s mice are high responders. It was shown that the phenotypic variability within each line is due to environmental factors. RGG was a selection antigen in Selection V; the high (H/p) and low (L/p) responder mice are therefore considered as homozygous for the RGG genes. Responsiveness to RGG was investigated in F1 and F2 hybrids obtained by crossing the phenotypically similar RGG responder or nonresponder mice of Selections IV and V. The results support the hypothesis that the same genes control the response to RGG in L/s and H/p lines as well as in H/s and L/p lines. This means that the genes specific for RGG responsiveness were independent from those regulating responses to the s antigen. Unaffected by the selective breeding in Selection IV, they have been fixed by chance in an inverse way in H/s and L/s lines. 相似文献
3.
Denise Mouton Anne -Marie Heumann Yolande Bouthillier Jean Claude Mevel Guido Biozzi 《Immunogenetics》1979,8(1):475-486
The antibody response to a threshold dose (10) of SE was studied in the High responder line (H) and the Low responder line (L) of mice obtained by bidirectional selective breeding for the character quantitative agglutinin response to an optimal dose of SE, and in interline hybrids: F1, F1 and both backcrosses. Whereas the interline difference in agglutinin responses at the optimal dose is due to the additive effect of about ten independently segregating loci, one of which isH-2 linked, the responsiveness to the threshold dose is determined by the effect of two loci. The direction of the dominance effect also varies with the antigen dose: high responsiveness is partially dominant at the optimal dose while at the threshold dose nonresponder character is partially dominant. The role of theH-2 linked locus was investigated. It has been demonstrated that on an identical background (equivalent to that of F1 hybrids) this locus is responsible for 12% of the interline difference at the optimal antigen dose, and for 61% at the threshold antigen dose. For the two antigen doses, the quantitative effect of theH-2 locus is in agreement with the estimate of the number of loci obtained by variance analysis. The intervention of a second gene, non-H-2 linked, in the regulation of responsiveness to 106 SE is demonstrated by appropriate assortative matings. The interaction between the two genes is discussed. 相似文献
4.
Twenty-nine randomly chosen, soluble antigens, many of them highly complex, were used to immunize mice of two strains, C3H and B10.RIII. Lymphnode cells from the immunized mice were restimulated in vitro with the priming antigens and the proliferative response of the cells was determined. Both strains were responders to 28 of 29 antigens. Eight antigens were then used to immunize 11 congenic strains carrying different H-2 haplotypes, and the T-cell proliferative responses of these strains were determined. Again, all the strains responded to seven of the eight antigens. These experiments were then repeated, but this time -antibodies specific for the A (AA) or E (EE) molecules were added to the culture to block the in vitro responsiveness. In all but one of the responses, inhibition with both A-specific and E-specific antibodies was observed. The response to one antigen (Blastoinyces) was exceptional in that some strains were nonresponders to this antigen. Furthermore, the response in the responder strains was blocked with A-specific, but not with E-specific, antibodies. The study demonstrates that responses to antigens not controlled by Irr genes nevertheless require participation of class II Mhc molecules. In contrast to Ir gene-controlled responses involving either the A- or the E-molecule controlling loci (but never both), the responses not Ir-controlled involve participation of both A- and E-controlling loci. The lack of Ir-gene control is probably the result of complexity of the responses to multiple determinants. There is thus no principal difference between responses controlled and those not controlled by Ir genes: both types involve the recognition of the antigen, in the context of Mhc molecules.Abbreviations used in this paper A
class II MHC molecule consisting of the A and A chains
- ADH
alcohol dehydrogenase
- APC
antigen-presenting cell
- cpm
counts per minute
- E
class II Mhc molecule onsisting of the E and A chains
-
Ir
immune response
- KLH
key-hole limpet hemocyanin
- Mhc
major histocompatibility complex
- PBS
phosphate buffered salt solution
- SD
standard deviation
- SI
stimulation index
- SN
supernatant of Sendai-virus preparation 相似文献
5.
Olga M. Ibañez Moema S. Reis Marisa Gennari Vera C. A. Ferreira Osvaldo A. Sant'Anna Maria Siqueira Guido Biozzi 《Immunogenetics》1980,10(1-4):283-293
High (H) and Low (L) antibody-responder lines of guinea pigs were produced by selective breeding for the character quantitative agglutinin responsiveness to optimal doses of sheep erythrocytes (SE) and chicken erythrocytes (CE). The non cross-reacting SE and CE were alternated with each generation in order to avoid the specific interference of maternally transmitted antibodies. The continuous distribution of the phenotypes in the foundation population (F0) and the progressive interline divergence during eight consecutive generations of selective breeding demonstrates that the character investigated is submitted to polygenic regulation. The difference in the peak agglutinin titers between the H and L lines of the eighth generation (HF8/LF8) is eight fold. The mean heritability (h2) of the character investigated, measured from the interline divergence of the eight generations of selection is 0.18±0.04. The h2 value was established by the linear regression of the cumulated response to selection (R) on the cumulated selection differential (S). The selective breeding has a nonspecific effect because it also modifies the antibody responsiveness to other immunogens, such as f and s antigens ofSalmonella typhimurium or human erythrocytes, that are immunologically unrelated to those used in the selection. 相似文献
6.
Maria Duk Iga Steuden Danuta Dus Czeslaw Radzikowski Elwira Lisowska 《Glycoconjugate journal》1992,9(3):148-153
Human erythrocyte glycophorin was desialylated by mild acid hydrolysis and degalactosylated by Smith degradation. Two monoclonal antibodies (Tn5 and Tn56) obtained by immunization of mice with this artificial Tn antigen were characterized and compared in some experiments with two antibodies (BRIC111 and LM225) obtained in other laboratories by immunization with Tn erythrocytes. The specific binding of the antibodies to glycophorins desialylated and degalactosylated on the nitrocellulose blot and to asialo-agalactoglycophorin-coated ELISA plates, and reactions with authentic Tn antigen served for identification of their anti-Tn specificity. The antibodies were further characterized in inhibition assay with various glycoproteins. The antibody Tn5 (similar to BRIC111) was shown to be specific for human erythrocyte Tn antigen, whereas Tn56 reacted strongly with different glycoproteins carrying O-linked GalNAc- residues, and was strongly bound to the murine adenocarcinoma cell line Ta3-Ha. The antibodies Tn5, Tn56 and BRIC111 were similarly inhibited by ovine submaxillary mucin (OSM) and asialoOSM, but the antibody LM225 showed a distinct preference in reaction with OSM (sialosyl-Tn antigen). The results show that Tn antigen, obtained by chemical modifications of human glycophorin, enables the preparation and characterization of anti-Tn monoclonal antibodies, without using rare Tn erythrocytes.Abbreviations HuGph
human erythrocyte glycophorin
- HoGph
horse erythrocyte glycophorin
- OSM
ovine submaxillary mucin
- mAb
monoclonal antibody
- ELISA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- SDS-PAGE
sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PBS
phosphate buffered saline (0.01m Na2HPO4/0.15m NaCl, pH 7.2)
- BSA
bovine serum albumin
- TBS
0.05m Tris-HCl/0.15m NaCl, pH 7.2
- TGr
transformation grade 相似文献
7.
Maria Elisabete Sbrogio De Almeida Salete M. Newton Luís Carlos S. Ferreira 《Archives of microbiology》1999,172(2):102-108
Salmonella fIagellin has been repeatedly used as a carrier for heterologous peptide epitopes either as a parenterally delivered purified
antigen or as a parenterally/orally-administered, flagellated, live, attenuated vaccine. Nonetheless, the ability to induce
specific antibody responses against the flagellin moiety, fused or not with heterologous peptide, has not usually been reported
in mice orally inoculated with a live, attenuated, flagellated Salmonella strain. In this work we evaluated the immunogenicity of flagellin in mice following oral inoculation with an aroA Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin SL5929 strain, which expressed plasmid-encoded recombinant hybrid flagellin fused to the CTP3 epitope (amino
acids 50–64) of cholera toxin B-subunit. In contrast to parenterally immunized mice, no significant CTP3- or flagellin-specific
antibody responses either in sera (IgG) or feces (IgA) were detected following repeated oral delivery of the recombinant Salmonella strain to C57BL/6 mice. Similarly, flagellin-specific antibody responses were also not detected in mice immunized with strain
SL5930, which expressed a nonhybrid flagellin. The lack of flagellin-specific antibody responses was not associated with deficient
Peyer patch colonization or spleen invasion. Moreover, stabilization of the flagellin-coding gene by integration into the
host chromosome did not significantly improve flagellin-specific antibody responses following administration by the oral route.
Taken together, these results suggest that flagellin does not represent an efficient peptide carrier for activation of antibody
responses in mice orally immunized with live, attenuated Salmonella strains.
Received: 29 December 1998 / Accepted: 3 May 1999 相似文献
8.
EnterotoxigenicEscherichia coli (ETEC) strains expressing F5 (K99) fimbriae cause diarrhoea in the young animal through adhesion to specific sialoglycolipids of the small intestine surface. We studied here an infant mouse diarrhoea model, as CBA infant mice are susceptible to F5-positive ETEC infection, whereas DBA/2 ones are resistant. In an attempt to determine an enzymatic basis for susceptibility and resistance, we investigated the intestine ganglioside pattern in relation to the activity of glycosyltransferases responsible for the globo- and ganglio-series. We observed that the intestine of susceptible CBA infant mice displayed a characteristic sialoglycolipid pattern containing mainly the F5 receptors. The two murine strains differed in the relative activities of galactosyltransferases (GbOse3Cer and GM1 synthases),N-acetylgalactosylaminyltransferases (GA2 and GM2 synthases) and sialyltransferases (GM3 and GD3 synthases). An elevated GM3-synthase activity was observed in the intestine of susceptible CBA infant mice, at the age of high susceptibility. Hence, we conclude that the marked specificity of mouse type correlated with susceptibility and resistance to F5-positive ETEC infection which could be controlled through the regulation of glycosyltransferase activities.Abbreviations NeuAc
N-acetylneuraminic acid
- NeuGc
N-glycolylneuraminic acid
- Glc
glucose
- GalNAc
N-acetylgalactosamine
- Gal
galactose
- Car
ceramide
- LacCer
lactosylceramide (Galß-4Glcß1-1Cer)
- GA2
asialo-GM2 (GgOse3Cer)
- GA1
asialo-GM1 (GgOse4Cer)
- NeuAc/NeuGc-GMla
II3 NeuAc/NeuGc-GgOse4Cer
- NeuAc/NeuGc-GM1a
IV3 NeuAc/NeuGc-GgOse4Cer
- NeuAc/NeuGc-GM2
II3 NeuAc/neuGc-GgOse3Cer
- NeuAc/NeuGc-GM3, II3 NeuAc/NeuGc-LacCer; NeuAc/NeuGc-GD1a, IV3 NeuAc/NeuGc, II3 NeuAc/NeuGc-GgOse4Cer; NeuAc/NeuGc-GD1b
II3 (NeuAc/NeuGc)2-GgOse4Cer
- NeuAc/NeuGc-GD1c
IV3 (NeuAc/NeuGc)2-GgOse4Cer
- NeuAc/NeuGc-GD2, II3 (NeuAc/NeuGc)2-GgOse3Cer; NeuAc/NeuGc-GD3, II3 (NeuAc/NeuGc)2-Lac Cer; NeuAc/NeuGcGT1a
IV3 (NeuAc/NeuGc)2, II3 NeuAc/NeuGc-GgOse4Cer
- NeuAc/neuGc-GT1b
IV3 NeuAc/NeuGc, II3 (NeuAc/NeuGc)2-GgOse4Cer
- NeuAc/NeuGc-GT1c
II3 (NeuAc/NeuGc)3-GgOse4Cer; NeuAc/NeuGc-GT2, II3 (NeuAc/NeuGc)3-GgOse3Cer
- NeuAc/NeuGc-GT3
II3 (NeuAc/NeuGc)3-Lac Cer
- NeuAc/NeuGc-GQ1b
IV3 (NeuAc/NeuGc)2, II3 (NeuAc/NeuGc)2-GgOse4Cer
- NeuAc/NeuGc-GQ1c
IV3 NeuAc/NeuGc, II3 (NeuAc/NeuGc)3-GgOse4Cer
- NeuAc/NeuGc-GP1c
IV3 (NeuAc/NeuGc)2, II3 (NeuAc/NeuGc)3-GgOse4Cer
- GD, GT and GQ
di-, tri- and tetra-sialoglangliosides. NeuGc-SPG, IV3 NeuGc-nLcOse4Cer. Glycosyltransferases assayed in this work areN-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases
- UDP-GalNAc
lactosylceramide 1-4N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase or GA2 synthase (EC 2.4.1-) and UDP-GalNAc:(N-acetylneuraminyl)-lactosylceramide 1-4N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase or GM2 synthase (EC 2.4.1.92)
- sialyltransferases
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate: lactosylceramide 2–3 sialyltransferase (sialyltransferases I and IV) or GM3 synthase (EC 2.4.99.-) and CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:(N-acetylneuraminyl) lactosylceramide 2-8 sialyltransferase (sialyltransferase II) or GD3 synthase (EC 24.99.8)
- galactosyltransferases
UDP-galactose:N-acetylgalactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl) lactosylceramide 1-3 galactosyltransferase (galactosyltransferase II) or GM1a synthase (EC 2.4.1.62) and UDP-galactose:lactosylceramide 1-4 galactosyltransferase or GbOse3Cer synthase (EC 2.4.1-) 相似文献
9.
Kentaro Horikawa Masahiko Yamasaki Masao Iwamori Hideki Nakakuma Kiyoshi Takatsuki Yoshitaka Nagai 《Glycoconjugate journal》1991,8(4):354-360
We analysed the glycolipids of mouse thymocytes before and after Concanavalin A (Con A) or recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) stimulation by TLC-immunostaining with carbohydrate-specific antiglycolipid antibodies. The thymocytes were cultured in serum-free medium in the presence of 500 ng ml–1 Con A, 10 U ml–1 rIL-2 or Con A plus rIL-2 for 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, and were found to start proliferating 24 h after cultivation in the presence of Con A or Con A plus rIL-2, the maximum levels being reached at 72 h and 48 h, respectively, in a thymidine uptake experiment. The concentrations of II3Neu-Gg4Cer, Gg4Cer and IV3GalNAc-Gb4Cer after 48 h Con A stimulation were found to be at almost the original levels. Conversely, II3Neu-Gg3Cer, which was not detected in the thymocytes at the start, began to appear after 48 h stimulation with Con A and Con A plus rIL-2, and IV3Neu-Gg5Cer in the cells 48 h after stimulation with Con A and Con A plus rIL-2 has increased to 41 and 44 times higher than in the original cells, respectively, as judged on TLC-immunostaining with monoclonal antibody YHD-06, which detects the GalNAc1-4(NeuAc or NeuGc2-3)Gal-structure. These results indicate that the increased synthesis of both gangliosides, in other words, the activation ofN-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, is associated with the mitogen-induced proliferation.N-Acetylneuraminic acid was the sole sialic acid in II3Neu-Gg3Cer which newly appeared in the cells on stimulation, whereas the sialic acid of IV3Neu-Gg5Cer was a mixture ofN-acetyl- andN-glycoloylneuraminic acids. This result may suggest that the substrates for the two differentN-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases must be different. This GalNAc1-4(NeuAc or NeuGc2-3)Gal-structure was also detected on the surface of the Con A or Con A plus rIL-2 stimulated mouse thymocytes on flow cytometric analysis of cells indirectly stained with monoclonal antibody YHD-06.
Abbreviations: carbohydrate and glycolipid nomenclature and abbreviations follow the IUPAC-IUB recommendations or the nomenclature system of Svennerholm L. (1963)J Neurochem
10:613–23. 相似文献
10.
Johannes Müthing Frank Unland Dagmar Heitmann Michaela Orlich Franz-Georg Hanisch Jasna Peter-Katalinić Vera Knäuper Harald Tschesche Sørge Kelm Roland Schauer Jürgen Lehmann 《Glycoconjugate journal》1993,10(1):120-126
The structures of gangliosides from human granulocytes were elucidated by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry as their partially methylated alditol acetates. In human granulocytes besides GM3 (II3Neu5Ac-LacCer), neolacto-series gangliosides (IV3Neu5Ac-nLcOse4Cer, IV6Neu5Ac-nLcOse4Cer and VI3Neu5Ac-nLcOse6Cer) containing C24:1, and to some extent C22:0; and C16:0 fatty acid in their respective ceramide portions, were identified as major components. In this study we demonstrate that gangliosides from human granulocytes, the second most abundant cells in peripheral blood, can serve as receptors for influenza viruses A/PR/8/34 (H1N1), A/X-31 (H3N2), and a parainfluenza virus Sendai virus (HNF1, Z-strain). Viruses were found to exhibit specific adhesion to terminal Neu5Ac2-3Gal and/or Neu5Ac2-6Gal sequences as well as depending on the chain length of ganglioside carbohydrate backbones from human granulocytes, these important effector cells which represent the first line of defence in immunologically mediated reactions.
Abbreviations: FAB-MS, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry; GC/EIMS, gas chromatography/electron impact mass spectrometry; GSL(s) glycosphingolipids; HPTLC, high performance thin-layer chromatography; Neu5Ac,N-acetylneuraminic acid [26], PFU, plaque forming unit. The designation of the following glycosphingolipids follows the IUPAC-IUB recommendations, and the ganglioside nomenclature system of Svennerholm was used. LacCer or lactosylceramide, Gal1-4Glc1-1Cer gangliotetraosylceramide or GgOse4Cer, Gal1-3GalNAc1-4Gal1-4Glc1-1Cer; lacto-N-tetraosylceramide or nLcOse4Cer, Gal1-4GlcNAc1-3Gal1-4-Glc1-1Cer; lacto-N-norhexaosylceramide or nLcOse6Cer, Gal1-4GlcNAc1-3Gal1-4GlcNAc1-3Gal 1-4-Glc1-1Cer; GM3, II3Neu5Ac-LacCer; GM1, II3Neu5Ac-GgOse4Cer; GD1a, IV3Neu5Ac, II3Neu5Ac-GgOse4Cer; GD1b, II3(Neu5Ac)2-GgOse4Cer; GT1b, IV3Neu5Ac, II3(Neu5Ac)2-GgOse4Cer; GQ1b, IV3(Neu5Ac)2, II3(Neu5Ac)2-GgOse4Cer; sialyllacto-N-tetraosylceramide, IV3Neu5Ac/IV6Neu5Ac-nLcOse4Cer; sialyllacto-N-norhexaosylceramide or i-active ganglioside, VI3Neu5Ac-nLcOse6Cer. 相似文献
11.
Johannes Müthing Jasna Peter-Katalinić Franz-Georg Hanisch Frank Unland Jürgen Lehmann 《Glycoconjugate journal》1994,11(2):153-162
The aim of the present study was to investigate the ganglioside expression of the highly metastatic murine lymphoreticular tumour cell line MDAY-D2. Cells were propagated under controlled pH conditions and oxygen supply in bioreactors of 1 and 7.5l volumes by repeated batch fermentation. Gangliosides were isolated from 2.7×1011 cells, purified by silica gel chromatography and separated into mono- and disialoganglioside fractions by preparative DEAE anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography. Individual gangliosides were obtained by preparative thin layer chromatography. Their structural features were established by immunostaining, fast atom bombardment and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. In addition to gangliosides of the GM1a-pathway (GM2, GM1a and GD1a) and GM1b (IV3Neu5Ac-GgOse4Cer) and GalNAc-GM1b of the GM1b-pathway, the dis8aloganglioside GD1 (IV3Neu5Ac, III6Neu5Ac-GgOse4Cer) was found in equal amounts compared to GD1a (IV3Neu5Ac, II3Neu5Ac-GgOse4Cer). All gangliosides were substituted with C24:0,24:1 and C16:0 fatty acids, sphingosine andN-acetylneuraminic acid as the sole sialic acid.
Abbreviations: FAB-MS, fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry; GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; GSL(s), glycosphingolipid(s); HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography; HPTLC, high performance thin layer chromatography; Neu5Ac,N-acetylneuraminic acid; Neu5Gc,N-glycoloylneuraminic acid [57]. The designation of the following glycosphingolipids follows the IUPAC-IUB recommendations [58] and the nomenclature of Svennerholm [59]. Gangliotriaosylceramide or GgOse3Cer, GalNAc1-4Gal1-4Glc1-1Cer; gangliotetraosylceramide or GgOse4Cer, Gal1-3GalNAc1-4Gal1-4Glc1-1Cer gangliopentaosylceramide or GgOse5Cer, GalNAc1-4Gal1-3GalNAc1-4Gal1-4Glc1-1Cer; GM2, II3Neu5Ac-GgOse3Cer; GM1a, II3Neu5Ac-GgOse4Cer; GM1b, IV3Neu5Ac-GgOse4Cer; GalNAc-GM1b, IV3Neu5Ac-GgOse5Cer; GD1a, IV3Neu5Ac, II3Neu5Ac-GgOse4Cer; GD1b, II3(Neu5Ac)2-GgOse4Cer; GD1 or GD1e, IV3Neu5Ac, III6Neu5AcGgOse4Cer; GD1e, IV3(Neu5Ac)2-GgOse4Cer; GT1b, IV3Neu5Ac, II3(Neu5Ac)2-GgOse4Cer. 相似文献
12.
4-Trifluoroacetamidoaniline was reacted with reducing oligosaccharides in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride to give aminoalditol derivatives, useful for linkage to proteins or solid matrices. A mixture of reducing oligosaccharides, difficult to separate by HPLC, was treated in the same way. The resulting derivatives were easily separated by HPLC.Abbreviations TFAN
4-trifluoroacetamidoaniline
- LcOse4
lacto-N-tetraose
- IV2Fuc-LcOse4
lacto-N-fucopentaose l
- III4Fuc-LcOse4
lacto-N-fucopentaose II
- III3Fuc-nLcOse4
lacto-N-fucopentaose III
- IV2Fuc, III4Fuc-LcOse4
lacto-N-difucohexaose I
- II6Galß1-4GlcNAc-LcOse4
lacto-N-hexaose
- II3NeuAc-Lac
3-sialyllactose
- GlcNAcß1-4GlcNAcß1-4GlcNAc
chitotriose
- GalNac1-3|Fuc1-2|Galß1-4Glc
A-tetrasaccharide 相似文献
13.
Windon R. G. and Dineen J. K. (1981). The effect of selection of both sire and dam on the response of F1 generation lambs to vaccination with irradiated Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae. International Journal for Parasitology11: 11–18. Rams and ewes, tested for responsiveness to vaccination with irradiated T. colubriformis larvae at an early age, were mated on the basis of responder × responder and non-responder × non-responder. Progeny were vaccinated at 8 and 12 weeks of age with 20,000 irradiated larvae, treated with anthelmintic at 16 weeks and challenged with 20,000 normal larvae at 17 weeks. Faecal egg counts of progeny from responder matings were significantly lower than progeny from non-responders, and within each mating type, ewe lambs had markedly lower egg counts than ram lambs. The level of circulating complement-fixing antibodies to T. colubriformis larval extract were inversely related to egg counts. Thus, ewe progeny from responder matings had the highest serum antibody levels, non-responder ram progeny had the lowest levels and responder rams and non-responder ewes had similar intermediate levels. In vitro responses of cells stimulated with T. colubriformis L3 antigen were greater in progeny from responder matings, whereas responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide were higher in progeny from non-responder matings. The results confirm that the response to vaccination at an early age is genetically determined, and show that the response of progeny is most vigorously expressed when both sires and dams have been selected. 相似文献
14.
Pedrini SC Acorci MJ Pinto JG Silveira LV Oliveira SL 《Microbiology and immunology》2005,49(10):915-923
Rhodococcus equi is a gram-positive, facultative intracellular bacterium which infects macrophages and causes rhodococcal pneumonia and enteritis in foals. Recently, this agent has been recognized as an opportunistic pathogen for immunocompromised humans. Several murine experimental models have been used to study R. equi infection. High (H(IV-A)) and Low (L(IV-A)) antibody (Ab)-producers mice were obtained by bi-directional genetic selections for their ability to produce antibodies against sheep and human erythrocytes (Selection IV-A). These lines maintain their phenotypes of high and low responders also for other antigens than those of selection (multispecific effect). A higher macrophage activity in L(IV-A) mice has been described for several intracellular infectious agents, which could be responsible for their intense macrophage antigens (Ag)-handling and low Ab production. Due to these differences, L(IV-A) mice were found to exhibit a better performance to trigger an effective immune response towards intracellular pathogens. The objective of this work was to characterize the immune response of Selection IV-A against R. equi. H(IV-A) and L(IV-A) mice were infected with 2.0x10(6) CFU of ATCC 33701+R. equi by intravenous route. With regards to bacterial clearance and survival assays, L(IV-A) mice were more resistant than H(IV-A) mice to virulent R. equi. L(IV-A) mice presented a higher hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) endogenous production by splenic macrophages than H(IV-A) mice. L(IV-A) expressed the most intense cellular response, available by the Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction, which activated macrophages and produced more H2O2 and NO. The three times higher specific antibodies titres in H(IV-A) indicated that Selection IV-A maintained the multispecific effect and the polygenic control of humoral and cellular responses also to R. equi. 相似文献
15.
Dr. David Osoba Heather M. Dick Alister Voller Theo J. Goosen Tineke Goosen Christopher C. Draper Guy de The 《Immunogenetics》1979,8(1):323-338
Antibodies toP. falciparum antigens and to the EB virus antigens, VCA and EBNA, were determined soon after the end of the major rainy season in 140 Africans living in 3 villages at varying altitudes in northeastern Tanzania. Also, their peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stored in liquid nitrogen and subsequently used for HLA phenotype determination of serologically determined antigens coded by genes at theA andB loci and for cell culture with mitogens (PHA, Con-A PWM) and with allogeneic cells in the mixed leukocyte reaction. A strong correlation was found between the presence of high titres of immunofluorescent antibody to falciparum antigens and the combination of A2 with AW30 in the same individuals. Individuals having one or the other of these specificities, but not both, did not have unusually high titres (P=0.0005). Individuals having the combination A2 and BW17 also tended to have higher than average antibody titres to falciparum antigens, but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.09). The data suggests that individuals with A2 and AW30 may haveHLA-associated genes having the function ofIr genes and that these genes interact from the trans position to affect the capacity to make antibodies to malarial antigens. Thus, these genes may confer a survival advantage for individuals exposed to malaria. In the cell culture studies there were no correlations between responses and with IFA titres toP. falciparum, except for an inverse association between responses to PWM and level of IFA titre. This suggests that the B cell response to mitogens is impaired in individuals with strong responses to malarial antigens. There was no association between any of the cell culture responses and the HLA phenotypes of the cell donors.Abbreviations used in this paper
P.
Plasmodium
- EB
Epstein-Barr
- VCA
virus capsid antigen
- EBNA
Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen
- PHA
phytohemagglutinin
- Con-A
concanavalin-A
- PWM
pokeweed mitogen
- IFA
immunofluorescent antibody
- Ir
immune response
- EA
early antigen
- MLR
mixed leukocyte reaction
- EAIMVBD
East African Institute for Malaria and Vector-Borne Diseases
- MEM
minimal essential medium
- EBV
Epstein-Barr virus
- AMMN
alpha medium minus nucleosides
-
equal to or less than
-
equal to or greater than
- RGM
reciprocal geometric mean 相似文献
16.
Johannes Müthing Jasna Peter-Katalinić Franz-Georg Hanisch Ulrich Neumann 《Glycoconjugate journal》1991,8(5):414-423
YAC-1 cells were propagated in bioreactors in 11 and 7.51 volumes. The cells were metabolically labelled withd-[1-14C]galactose andd-[1-14C]glucosamine. The ganglioside fraction, purified by DEAE-Sepharose and silica gel column chromatography, showed on thin layer chromatography four major bands with mobilities between GM1 and GD1a. Gangliosides, obtained by further purification steps including high performance liquid chromatography on silica gel 60 columns with a gradient system of isopropanol:hexane:water, and preparative high performance TLC were characterized by (1) immunostaining of corresponding asialogangliosides obtained by mild acid hydrolysis and neuraminidase treatment and (2) fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of native and permethylated samples and methylation analysis of GM1b ganglioside. As well as small amounts of GM2 and GM1, the major gangliosides found in the complex mixture were GM1b and GalNAc-GM1b. The structural heterogeneity of these gangliosides was cased by (a) substitution of the ceramide moiety by fatty acids of different chain length and degree of unsaturation (C16:0, C24:0, C24:1) and (b) N-substitution of the sialic acid moieties with either acetyl or glycolyl groups. Disialogangliosides were detected only in low amounts and will be the subject of further investigation. A polyclonal chicken antiserum was raised against IVNeuAc-GgOse5Cer. The antiserum was highly specific for gangliosides (IVNeuAc and IVNeuGc) and asialogangliosides with a GgOse5Cer backbone. No cross-reaction with GM1b or GgOse4Cer was observed.
Abbreviations: FAB-MS, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry; GSL(s), glycosphingolipid(s); HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography, HPTLC, high performance thin layer chromatography; NK, natural killer; SIM, selective ion monitoring; TIC, total ion current. NeuAc,N-acetylneuraminic acid; NeuGc,N-glycolylneuraminic acid. The designation of the following glycosphingolipids follows the IUB-IUPAC recommendations. GgOse3Cer or gangliotriaosylceramide or asialo GM2, GalNAc1-4Gal1-4GlcCer; GgOse4Cer or gangliotetraosylceramide or asialo GM1, Gal1-3GalNAc1-4Gal1-4GlcCer; GgOse5Cer organgliopentaosylceramide, GalNAc1-4Gal1-3GalNAc1-4Gal1-4GlcCer; II3NeuAc-GgOse4Cer or GM1; IV3NeuAcGgOse4Cer or GM1b; IV3NeuAc-GgOse5Cer or GalNAc-GM1b; IV3NeuAc, II3NeuAc-GgOse4Cer or GD1a; II3(NeuAc)2-GgOse4Cer or GD1b; IV3(NeuAc)2-GgOse4Cer or GD1c; IV3NeuAc,III6NeuAc-GgOse4Cer or GD1a; IV3NeuAc,II3(NeuAc)2-GgOse4Cer or GT1b;Vibrio cholerae and Arthrobacter ureafaciens neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18). 相似文献
17.
Laurent Vidard Thierry Roger Ghislaine Pham Jacques Couderc Yolande Bouthillier Jean-Claude Mevel Denise Mouton Michel Seman 《Immunogenetics》1990,32(1):27-33
Tcrb andTcrg gene polymorphism was investigated in high (H) and low (L) responder Biozzi mice from selection I, II, and GS by Southern blot analysis with appropriateV andC probes. No polymorphism of theTcrb haplotype was detected between H and L mice in all selections which were all found to be of the BALB/c type. The H-I and H-II g genotype was of BALB/c and DBA/2 type, respectively. In contrast, a newTcrg haplotype shared by L-I and L-II mice was identified and characterized by C1, 2, 3, C4, V1, 2, 3, V5, and V6 restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs).Tcrg genotypes were not fixed in the GS selection and two additional new haplotypes were identified in two L-GS mice. An attempt was made to correlate the L-Ig genotype with the low responder status by analyzingg haplotypes among highest and lowest responder (H-1 x L-I)F2 hybrids immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). No correlation was found in this segregation study, whereas a highly significant one was established with theH-2 haplotype, a locus already known to participate in the genetic control of H-I/L-I difference. The lack of correlation between SRBC response and theTcrg genotype was consistent with the heterogenousg haplotypes found in mice of the GS selection. Together, the present results suggest that H and L mice have the sameTcrab potential repertoire and that T-cell receptor (Tcr) genes cannot be considered as immune response genes in this model. Our results also indicate that the F2 segregation analysis, given a polymorphic gene, is suitable for an investigation of its immune response functions. 相似文献
18.
Genetic Differences in the Immunocyte Response of Mice to Separate Determinants on One Bacterial Antigen 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
JAN CERNY ROBERT F. MCALACK MOHAMMAD A. SAJID HERMAN FRIEDMAN 《Nature: New biology》1971,230(16):247-248
WE wish to report studies on the relationship between the antibody responses in different strains of mice, using a newly developed immunoplaque assay. Our method permits direct enumeration of antibody plaque forming cells (p.f.c.) to distinct somatic antigens of Vibrio cholerae bacilli, rather than mere demonstration of serum antibody titres. We found that the immune response of mice to two different antigens present on cholera organisms does not seem to depend on the presence of any particular allele of the H 2 locus. 相似文献
19.
Geoffrey W. Krissansen Patricia A. Gorman Christine A. Kozak Nigel K. Spurr Denise Sheer Peter N. Goodfellow Michael J. Crumpton 《Immunogenetics》1987,26(4-5):258-266
The gene coding for the M
r 26000 chain of the human CD3 (T3) antigen/T-cell antigen receptor complex was mapped to chromosome band 11q23 by using a cDNA clone (pJ6T3 -2), by in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes and by Southern blot analysis of a panel of human-rodent somatic cell hybrids. The mouse homolog, here termed Cdg-3, was mapped to chromosome 9 using the mouse cDNA clone pB10.AT3 -1 and a panel of mouse-hamster somatic cell hybrids. Similar locations for the CD3
genes have been described previously. Thus, the corporate results indicate that the CD3
and genes have remained together since they duplicated about 200 million years ago. 相似文献
20.
Recently we reported that antigen-primed T cells from (H-2
u × H-2
s)F1 and (H-2
u × H-2
q)F1 mice responded poorly in vitro to antigen in the context of antigen-presenting cells of the non-H-2
u parent. It was suggested that this effect might be due to unbalanced expression of parental antigens in the F1 hybrid with the result that the non-H-2u A antigens were greatly reduced or absent in these mice. If this were the case, non-H-2u Ia-A cells might be expected to stimulate a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) when cultured with Fl responder cells. When tested, (SJL × PL)F1 responder cells reacted strongly to SJL stimulator cells. There was no significant reaction to PL stimulator cells. The use of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) congenic mice showed the stimulatory antigens to be associated with the MHC. The MLR could be blocked significantly by monoclonal A-specific antibody of the appropriate specificity. When a monoclonal antibody reactivewith a private epitope associated with As was used to probe for the presence of As on the surface of (SJL × PL)F1 spleen cells, no antigen could be detected, indicating loss or alteration of this antigen. These findings suggest that an alteration of the expression of the parental As molecule may be responsible for this phenomenon.Abbreviations used in this paper APC
antigen-presenting cells
- BSS
balanced salt solution
- CTL
cytotoxic T lymphocyte
- IL-2
interleukin-2
- MHC
major histocompatibility complex
- MLR
mixed lymphocyte reaction
- T2
suppressor T lymphocyte 相似文献