Correction by succinic acid of behavioral and physiological parameters of neurosis-like condition in white rats

The neurosis-like state of white rats is accompanied by development of cerebral hypoxia. Negative symptoms of the neurosis-like state (behavioral, anatomic and energy) were decreased by per os administration of succinate (30 mg/kg) during the second half of the neurotization process. Succinate provided chiefly the delayed action on the system arterial tension, on the succinate dehydrogenase and NADH dehydrogenase activity. The effects depended on the propensity of a rat to the catatonic "freezing". The "freezing" was detected by a specific breathing pattern: a short inhale and a long pause. In "freezing" rats succinate corrected the system tension to a greater extent, while in "non-freezing" animals it corrected to a greater extent the succinate and NADH dehydrogenase activities. The positive effect of succinate administration is probably associated with its antihypoxic properties.     

The effect of vitamin E on the neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus in white rats

For analysing the earlier detected hormone-depending effect of vitamin E (alpha-TPh) on functional systems of the organism, a study was made of the influence of this vitamin on the morphometric indexes of functional conditions of supraoptic (SON), suprachiasmatic (SCN), paraventricular (NPV) and arcuate (AN) hypothalamic centres. Experiments were performed on Wistar rats (males and females) either of which was given per os a 5 mg daily dose of 5% D, L, alpha-tocopherol-acetate oil solution for three weeks. In results, a repression of functional activity of the neurosecretion cells (decrease in nuclear dimensions) was shown. Such an influence was found in all the centres studied except the SON which, on the contrary, was seen stimulated. Besides, considerable changes in nuclear and nucleolar dimensions were seen on histograms estimated by criterion lambda according to Kholmogorov and Smirnov. The results obtained can be possibly explained by differences in the initial levels of endogenic alpha-TPh and of other antioxidants in the cell membrane matrix of the hypothalamic centres, and, correspondingly, by different modulation effects of alpha-TPh exerted on the functional condition of neurosecretion cells.     

Taftsin correction of pharmacologically induced behavioral disorders in white rats

Tetrapeptide tuftsin in doses adapted to its physiological blood concentrations partially normalized locomotor activity and orientation behaviour of rats altered by drugs affecting aminergic brain systems. At the same time tuftsin had no effect when applied after the treatment by dopaminergic drugs (DTC, haloperidol, apomorphine). It can be concluded that the central effect observed in the first minutes after tuftsin administration is mediated through dopaminergic system. Elimination of some drug-induced behavioural disturbances by tuftsin opens new prospects for its therapeutic application.     

Prophylactic effect of antioxidant Aekol on behavioral (psychoemotional) disturbances caused by chronic stress in rats

Antioxidant preparation "Aekol" containing vitamins A, E, and K3, was shown to possess antidepressant properties and to exert a prophylactic effect on behavioural (psychoemotional) disturbances induced by a chronic stress in rats: a depressive condition associated with an enhanced anxiety, elimination of individual differences in behaviour, weakening of the relationships among behavioural parameters recorded in the same animal in three different tests.     

Dissociative state in rats induced by ethanol and possibilities of the pharmacological correction of this phenomenon

It was shown that a state of dependent learning (SDL) developed in response to ethanol (1.2 g/kg) during experimental learning of rats in conditions of T-maze. Piracetam, lithium hydroxybutyrate, litonit and new oxypyridine derivative 3-OP given in combination with ethanol prevented the development of SDL and reduced an already formed SDL. The above-mentioned combinations made the learning more difficult. It is assumed that changes in the activity of dopaminergic system, as well as membranotropic and antioxidant effects of the investigated drugs play the most important role in the mechanisms of SDL reduction.     

Effects of neonatal fluvoxamine administration to white rats and their correction by semax treatment

The aim of this work was to study the delayed effects of chronic neonatal administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluvoxamine (FA) to white rat pups and to estimate the possibility to correct these effects by treatment with semax. Fluvoxamine was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 10 mg/kg from postnatal days 1 to 14, and semax was injected intranasally at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg from postnatal days 15 to 28. It was shown that neonatal FA administration produced a significant delay in animal somatic growth. A loss in body weight was detected both during FA administration and 4–6 weeks after the last injection. Furthermore, FA administration increased the anxiety level and disturbed the learning ability of animals. The negative consequences of neonatal FA administration were largely compensated by Semax.     

Reevaluation of the "glycolytic complex" in muscle: a multitechnique approach using trout white muscle

Preliminary characterization of the "glycolytic complex," formed in trout white muscle, revealed that phosphofructokinase (PFK) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) are bound to particulate matter largely by ionic interactions; increasing neutral salt or charged metabolite concentrations released bound PFK and GAPDH. GAPDH was consistently solubilized at lower salt concentrations, indicating that it is not bound as tightly as PFK, but both enzymes were readily solubilized at physiological concentrations of salts and metabolites. pH titrations indicated that PFK binding is dependent on group(s) with a pKa of 7.3 in 30 mM imidazole. PFK binding increased at lower pH values; at 150 mM KCl the apparent pKa value is 6.5. Experiments with polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG), which is used to mimic the high in vivo protein concentrations under in vitro conditions, showed that the binding of PFK and GAPDH increased with increasing PEG concentrations. Interestingly, at 5% PEG, only the PFK binding response depended on the ionic composition of the medium--with increased binding occurring at the pH of the exhausted muscle and decreased binding at control pH values. These results suggested that only PFK reversibly bound to cellular structures in response to changing conditions and disagrees with previous studies showing binding of several glycolytic enzymes as measured using the dilution method (F. M. Clarke, F.D. Shaw, and D.J. Morton (1980) Biochem. J. 186, 105-109). In order to determine whether artifactual binding was measured by the dilution method, two new methodologies were employed to measure enzyme binding in vivo: (a) whole muscle slices were pressed to quickly extrude cellular juice, and (b) muscle strips were finely minced and centrifuged to liberate cytoplasmic contents. Both methods indicated that, under physiological conditions, up to 70% of the total cellular phosphofructokinase may be bound, but other glycolytic enzymes are bound to a lesser extent (10-30%). This result contrasts those obtained with the dilution method, and suggests that dilution of cellular contents may result in an overestimation of the percentage of enzyme associated with cellular structures; this is dramatically shown for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The viability of the glycolytic complex in trout white muscle is discussed in light of the decreased binding measured using these new methodologies.     

The olfactory orientation traits of white rats in a maze]

Some characteristics of olfactory behaviour of albino rats in three-arm maze have been studied. It was found that the olfactory discrimination of different food reinforcements may be elaborated in passages as long as 90 cm. Choice reactions were determined by olfactory, not visual, stimuli on their simultaneous presentation.     

Prevention and correction with nonopiate analog of leu-enkephalin of disorders induced in the liver of newborn white rats by prenatal hypoxia]

The newborn rats after 48 hours after the birth were used in the study. The prenatal hypoxia caused the development of hypotrophy. Index of labeled 3H-thymidine nuclei decreased 1.5 fold, mitotic index decreased 1.4 fold. The content of aberrant figures of mitosis increased 2.6 times. Hexapeptide injection before hypoxia reduced the alterations caused by hypoxia, the data of body and liver weight did not differ from the control level.