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1.
Tanja Goyarts Klaus-Peter Brüssow Hana Valenta Ute Tiemann Kathrin Jäger Sven Dänicke 《Mycotoxin Research》2010,26(2):119-131
Six pregnant sows of 180.6 ± 5.6 kg were fed either a Fusarium-contaminated (4.42 mg DON and 48.3 μg ZON per kg, DON per os, n = 3) or a control diet (0.15 mg DON and 5 μg ZON/kg) in the period of days 63 and 70 of gestation. On day 63 of gestation,
sows fed the control diet were implanted with an intraperitoneal osmotic minipump (delivery rate of 10 μL/h, for 7 days) containing
50 mg pure (98%) DON in 2 ml 50% DMSO (DON ip, n = 3). Frequent plasma samples were taken to estimate the kinetics after oral and ip DON exposure. The intended continuous
delivery of DON by the intraperitoneal minipump could not be shown, as there was a plasma peak (Cmax) of 4.2–6.4 ng DON/mL either immediately (sow IP-2+3) or 2.5 h (sow IP-1) after implantation of the pump followed by a one-exponential
decline with a mean half-time (t1/2) of 1.75–4.0 h and only negligible DON plasma concentrations after 12 h. Therefore, the DON ip exposure has to be regarded
as one single dose 1 week before termination of experiment. The DON per os sows showed a mean basis level (after achieving
a steady state) of DON plasma concentration of about 6–8 ng/mL, as also indicated by the plasma DON concentration at the termination
of the experiment. On day 70, caesarean section was carried out, the fetuses were killed immediately after birth, and samples
of plasma, urine, and bile were taken to analyze the concentration of DON and its metabolite de-epoxy-DON. At necropsy there
were no macroscopic lesions observed in any organ of either sows or piglets. Histopathological evaluation of sows liver and
spleen revealed no alterations. The proliferation rate of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with or without stimulation
was not affected by the kind of DON treatment. The exposure of pregnant sows at mid-gestation (days 63–70, period of organogenesis)
to a Fusarium toxin-contaminated diet (4.42 mg DON and 0.048 mg ZON per kg) or pure DON via intraperitoneal osmotic minipump did not cause
adverse effects on health, fertility, maintenance of pregnancy, and performance of sows and their fetuses. However, DON was
detected in fetus plasma, indicating that this toxin can pass the placental barrier and may cause changes in the proportion
of white blood cells (lower monocyte and neutrophil and higher lymphocyte proportion in DON per os fetuses). 相似文献
2.
Barbara Schumann Janine Winkler Nicola Mickenautsch Tobias Warnken Sven Dänicke 《Mycotoxin Research》2016,32(3):153-161
Both deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), and their metabolites are known to modulate immune cells in various species whereby viability and proliferation are influenced. Such effects were rarely examined in horses. Therefore, one aim of the present study was to titrate the inhibitory concentrations of DON, 3-acetyl-DON (3AcDON), de-epoxy-DON (DOM-1), ZEN, and α- and β-zearalenol (ZEL) at which viability and proliferation of equine PBMC were reduced by 50 % (IC50) and 10 % (IC10) in vitro. For evaluation of practical relevance of the in vitro findings, a further aim was to screen horses for the background occurrence of DON, ZEN, and their metabolites in systemic circulation and to relate toxin residues both to the inhibitory toxin concentrations and to hematological and clinical-chemical characteristics.The IC50 (μM) for DON, 3AcDON, β-ZEL, α-ZEL, and ZEN were determined at 3.09, 25.90, 75.44, 97.44, and 98.15 in unstimulated cells, respectively, while in proliferating cells, the corresponding IC50 values were 0.73, 6.89, 45.16, 75.96, and 82.51. Neither viability nor proliferation was influenced by DOM-1 up to a concentration of 100 μM.The in vivo screening (N?=?49) revealed the occurrence of ZEN (N?=?24), α-ZEL (N?=?3), β-ZEL (N?=?37), DON, and DOM-1 (N?=?2). The detected concentrations were much lower than the corresponding IC50 while the IC10 of DON and β-ZEL for proliferating PBMC corresponded to approximately 26 and 35 ng/mL which might be relevant when contaminated diets are fed.Clinical-chemical and hematological traits were not related to mycotoxin residue levels excepting blood urea nitrogen which was positively correlated to the sum of β-ZEL, α-ZEL, and ZEN concentration. Whether this reflects simply the feeding history of the horses or renal failures giving rise to a prolonged half-life of the toxins needs to be clarified further. 相似文献
3.
Temporal and spatial distributions of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in two small lakes on the Southwestern China Plateau 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Wen Li Fengchang Wu Congqiang Liu Pingqing Fu Jing Wang Yi Mei Liying Wang Jianyang Guo 《Limnology》2008,9(2):163-171
Temporal and spatial distributions of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), chlorophyll-a and inorganic nitrogen were investigated in two small mountainous lakes (Lake Hongfeng and Baihua), on the Southwestern China
Plateau, based on almost 2 years’ field observation. DOC concentrations ranged from 163 μM to 248 μM in Lake Hongfeng and
from 143 μM to 308 μM in Lake Baihua, respectively, during the study period. DON concentrations ranged from 7 μM to 26 μM
in Lake Hongfeng and from 14 μM to 47 μM in Lake Baihua. DOC showed vertical heterogeneity with higher concentrations in the
epilimnion than in the hypolimnion during the stratification period. The DON concentration profiles appeared to be more variable
than the DOC profiles. Apparent DON maxima occurred in the upper layer of water. In Lake Hongfeng, DOC concentration in the
surface water was highest at the end of spring and early summer. DON concentration was 2–5 μM higher in May 2003 and in June
2004 than in adjacent months. DOC and chlorophyll-a concentrations were significantly correlated (r = 0.79, P < 0.05). The period of highest concentrations of DOC in Lake Hongfeng was also the season of concentrated rainfall. Algae
activity and allochthonous input might result in an increase of DOC and DON concentrations together. In Lake Baihua, the maximum
concentrations of DOC and DON in the surface water occurred simultaneously in May 2003 and February 2004. DOC concentrations
were significantly correlated with DON (r = 0.90, P < 0.01), indicating the common sources. Allochthonous input, biological processes, stratification and mixing were the most
important factors controlling the distributions and cycling of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and inorganic nitrogen in these
two lakes. Inference from the corresponding vertical distributions of DOM and inorganic nitrogen indicated that DOM played
potential roles in the internal loading of nitrogen and metabolism in the water body in these small lakes. The carbon/nitrogen
(C/N) ratio showed a potential significance for tracing the source and biogeochemical processes of DOM in the lakes. These
results are of significance in the further understanding of biogeochemical cycling and environmental effects of DOM and nitrogen
in lake ecosystems. 相似文献
4.
Andreas Gutzwiller 《Mycotoxin Research》2010,26(3):211-215
A diet contaminated with 2.8 mg deoxynivalenol (DON)/kg was fed at 6 kg per day to 32 mycotoxin-exposed pluriparous sows (M)
during lactation. The 31 control sows (C) received 6 kg of an uncontaminated diet. Although more contaminated diet was refused
(P = 0.05), DON exposure had no effect (P > 0.1) on body weight loss of the sows during lactation (M: 27.9 ± 12.3 kg; C: 29.7 ± 10.2 kg), the number of weaned piglets
(M: 9.8 ± 1.4; C: 9.7 ± 1.6) and their daily weight gain (M: 266 ± 70 g; C: 272 ± 64 g). Several sows were culled after weaning
for reasons unrelated to the experiment. Compared with the remaining 21 C sows, the remaining 26 M sows had an identical interval
between weaning and the next farrowing (M: 120 ± 1 days; C: 120 ± 1 days) and a similar litter size (M: 14.5 ± 2.7; C: 14.9 ± 3.0;
P > 0.10). The daily intake of 17 mg DON during lactation thus did not affect the reproductive performance of the sows. 相似文献
5.
Bestwick CS Ralton LD Milne L Kong Thoo Lin P Duthie SJ 《Cell biology and toxicology》2011,27(6):455-463
Bisnaphthalimido compounds bis-intercalate to DNA via the major groove and are potentially potent cancer therapeutics. Previously,
we incorporated natural polyamines as linkers connecting the two naphthalimido ring moieties to create a series of soluble
bisnaphthalimidopropyl polyamines (BNIPPs). Here, extending earlier work on bisnaphthalimidopropylspermidine (BNIPSpd)-induced
apoptosis in colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells, we compare the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of BNIPSpd relative to the spermine
and oxaspermine derivatives, bisnaphthalimidopropylspermine (BNIPSpm) and bisnaphthalimidopropyloxaspermine (BNIPOSpm). The
order of cytotoxicity after 24 h was BNIPSpd (IC50 = 0.47 μM) > BNIPSpm (IC50 = 10.04 μM) > BNIPOSpm (IC50 >50 μM). After a 72-h BNIPOSpm exposure, an IC50 = 10.25 μM was achieved. With 4-h exposure to BNIPSpd or BNIPSpm or 12-h exposure to BNIPOSpm, concentrations ≥1 μM induced
a significant dose-dependent increase in DNA damage as measured by alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis. The longer incubation
times required for BNIPOSpm to induce DNA strand breaks reflect a slower rate of BNIPOSpm cellular distribution as monitored
via BNIPP fluorescence within the cells. Moreover, exposure to a non-genotoxic concentration of BNIPSpd, BNIPSpm (0.1 μM for
4 h) or BNIPOSpm (0.1 μM for 12 h) induced a significant decrease in repair of oxidative DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide.
In conclusion, BNIPP exposure in Caco-2 cells is associated with significant induction of DNA damage and inhibition of DNA
repair at non-genotoxic concentrations. The latter is a novel consequence of BNIPP–cell interactions which adds to the spectrum
of therapeutically relevant activities that may be exploited for the design and development of naphthalimide-based therapeutics. 相似文献
6.
7.
Alma R. López-Laredo Fanny D. Ramírez-Flores Gabriela Sepúlveda-Jiménez Gabriela Trejo-Tapia 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2009,45(5):550-558
Tecoma stans is a tropical plant from the Americas. Antioxidant activity and both phenolic compound and flavonoid total content were determined
for callus tissue of T. stans cultured in either a set photoperiod or in darkness. Callus lines from three explant types (hypocotyls, stem, and leaf) were
established on B5 culture medium supplemented with 0.5 μM 2,4-D and 5.0 μM kinetin. While leaf-derived callus grew slower
under a 16-h photoperiod (specific growth rate, μ = 0.179 d−1, t
D = 3.9 d) than in darkness (μ = 0.236 d−1, t
D = 2.9 d), it accumulated the highest amount (p < 0.05) of both phenolics (86.6 ± 0.01 mg gallic acid equivalents/g) and flavonoids (339.6 ± 0.06 mg catechin equivalents/g).
Similarly, antioxidant activity was significantly higher (p < 0.05) when callus was cultured in period light than when grown in extended darkness. Antioxidant activity measured with
a 2,20-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS)-based assay was 350.5 ± 15.8 mmol Trolox/g
extract for callus cultured under a defined photoperiod compared to 129.1 ± 7.5 mmol Trolox/g extract from callus cultured
in darkness. Content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids was in agreement with a better antioxidant power (EC50 = 450 μg extract/mg 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and antiradical efficiency. Results of the present study show that calli
of T. stans are a source of compounds with antioxidant activity that is favored by culture under a set photoperiod. 相似文献
8.
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a control diet (CON, 0.25?mg DON/kg diet) or a Fusarium toxin-contaminated diet (FUS, 4.49?mg DON/kg diet) without and with humic substances (HS) (CON-HS and FUS-HS, 0.23 and 4.56?mg DON/kg diet, respectively) on piglets during a 5-week growth trial starting after weaning (6.7?±?0.9?kg live weight, n?=?20/group). Feed intake was significantly reduced by feeding the FUS containing diets by approximately 21% compared with the CON diet irrespective of HS supplementation. The decrease in live weight gain paralleled the feed intake depression and amounted to approximately 26%. Feeding the FUS diet was clearly reflected by the DON levels in blood. While only traces of DON with median concentrations of 3?ng/ml (2?C5?ng/ml) and 2?ng/ml (0?C3?ng/ml) were detected in piglets fed the CON and CON-HS diets, respectively, significantly higher levels of 22.5?ng/ml (7?C30?ng/ml) and 23.5?ng/ml (15?C32?ng/ml) were found in piglets fed the FUS and FUS-HS diet, respectively. The urinary excretion of DON and its metabolite de-epoxy-DON as percentage of DON intake was not significantly influenced by HS supplementation and amounted to 24.1 and 20.2% for groups FUS and FUS-HS, respectively. In conclusion, the tested HS preparation cannot be recommended as a DON inactivating feed supplement for pigs. 相似文献
9.
Inês Almeida Hermínia Marina Martins Sara Santos José M. Costa Fernando Bernardo 《Mycotoxin Research》2011,27(3):177-181
A total of 404 samples of commercial swine feed from Portugal feed mills were analysed by HPLC methods for the presence of
mycotoxins: 277 samples of feed for fattening pigs were analysed for ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), and deoxynivalenol
(DON), and 127 samples of feed for sows were analysed for ZEA and fumonisins (FB1 + FB2). Concerning feed for fattening pigs, 21 (7.6%) samples were positive for OTA, (2–6.8 μg/kg), 69 (24.9%) were positive for
ZEA (5–73 μg/kg), and 47 (16.9%) were positive for DON (100–864 μg/kg). In feed for sows, the results showed 29.9% of positive
samples for ZEA (5–57.7 μg/kg) and 8.7% positive samples for FB1 and FB2 (50–391.4 μg/kg). Co-occurrence of DON/ZEA was found most frequently, but simultaneous contamination with OTA/ZEA and OTA/DON
was also found. 相似文献
10.
Gerald Audesirk David Shugarts Gina Nelson Julie Przekwas 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1989,25(12):1121-1128
Summary Neurons from brains of chick embryos and pond snails (Lymnaea stagnalis) were cultured for 3 to 4 d in the presence of no toxins, inorganic lead (PbCl2), or organic lead (trielthyl lead chloride). In chick neurons, inorganic lead reduced the percentage of cells that grew neurites
(IC50=270μM total lead, approximately 70 nM free Pb2+) but did not reduce the number of neurites per cell or the mean neurite length. Triethyl lead reduced the percentage of cells
that grew neuites (IC50=0.24 μM) and the mean neurite length (extrapolated IC50=3.6 μM) but did not reduce the number of neurites per cell. InLymnaea neurons, inorganic lead reduced the percentage of cells that grew neurites (IC50=13 μM total lead; approximately 10 nM free Pb2+). Triethyl lead reduced the percentage of cells that grew neurites (IC50=0.4 μM) and exerted significant toxicity at 0.2 μM. The two forms of lead affected neurite growth in qualitatively different ways, which suggests that their mechansms of action
are different.
These experiments were supported by grants from the Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, and the National Institutes
of Environmental Health Science, Research Triangle Park, NC. 相似文献
11.
Sven Dänicke Günther Pahlow Tanja Goyarts Dirk Rohweder Katrin Wilkerling Gerhard Breves Hana Valenta Susanne Döll 《Mycotoxin Research》2009,25(4):215-223
Unground triticale kernels contaminated with 6.63 mg deoxynivalenol (DON) per kg dry matter were stored for up to 63 days
at total moisture contents of 13 and 15% in order to study the time-dependent kinetics of DON concentration in dependence
on graded levels of sodium metabisulfite [0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 g Na2S2O5 (SBS) per kg], and in the absence and presence of 10 g propionic acid (PA) per kg. The DON concentration decreased with increasing
amounts of supplemented SBS and with increasing duration of the preservation period in a bi-exponential fashion when SBS addition
was ≥3 g/kg. Lower SBS concentrations yielded inconsistent results. The maximum measured DON reductions after adding 5 g SBS/kg
were 3 and 4% of the initial DON concentration after 63 days in the absence and presence of PA at moisture contents of 15%,
while the corresponding recovery for the variants preserved at 13% amounted to 21 and 11%, respectively. The 12 variants preserved
without PA supplementation were more frequently contaminated by moulds and yeasts (n = 5) than the corresponding variants stored together with PA (n = 1). The overall results and regressive evaluations do suggest that the highest SBS addition of 5 g/kg triticale at a moisture
content of 15% preserved for 63 days would be necessary for a maximum DON reduction. Although PA did not exert a direct decontaminating
effect, an additional supplementation together with SBS seemed to be advantageous with regard to the prevention of yeast and
mould contamination and favouring the decontamination reaction by the acid milieu. 相似文献
12.
The regeneration of meristematic tissues from sporophytes of Laminaria digitata was studied by protoplast and tissue culture. Sequential treatment of explants in sterile seawater with 1% Betadine for 5 min,
1% commercial bleach for 1–2 min and 2% antibiotic treatment supplemented with 1 μM GeO2 overnight enabled viable explants as high as 55%. Different morphogenetic responses were observed from tissue culture on
media supplemented with plant growth regulators alone or in combination, mainly filamentous calluses up to 50% according to
the media. Dark green compact calluses were observed on two combinations: 4 μM Pi + 2 μM N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N’-phenylurea
(CPPU) and 0.04 μM Pi + 0.44 μM 6-benzylaminopurine. Thalloid-like structures comparable to adventitious buds were regenerated
on medium supplemented with 4 μM Pi + 0.45 μM zeatin but at low frequency suggesting a strong genotypic effect. Friable calluses
were developed from protoplasts in enriched medium with polyamines and containing 0.40 μM CPPU + 0.45 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid. In order to produce protoplasts, a one-step enzymatic protocol was developed and yields reached 22 × 106 protoplasts per gram of fresh weight. 相似文献
13.
We have identified a new class of microtubule-binding compounds—noscapinoids—that alter microtubule dynamics at stoichiometric
concentrations without affecting tubulin polymer mass. Noscapinoids show great promise as chemotherapeutic agents for the
treatment of human cancers. To investigate the structural determinants of noscapinoids responsible for anti-cancer activity,
we tested 36 structurally diverse noscapinoids in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells (CEM). The IC50 values of these noscapinoids vary from 1.2 to 56.0 μM. Pharmacophore models of anti-cancer activity were generated that identify
two hydrogen bond acceptors, two aromatic rings, two hydrophobic groups, and one positively charged group as essential structural
features. Additionally, an atom-based quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model was developed that gave a
statistically satisfying result (R
2 = 0.912, Q
2 = 0.908, Pearson R = 0.951) and effectively predicts the anti-cancer activity of training and test set compounds. The pharmacophore model presented
here is well supported by electronic property analysis using density functional theory at B3LYP/3-21*G level. Molecular electrostatic
potential, particularly localization of negative potential near oxygen atoms of the dimethoxy isobenzofuranone ring of active
compounds, matched the hydrogen bond acceptor feature of the generated pharmacophore. Our results further reveal that all
active compounds have smaller lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies concentrated over the dimethoxy isobenzofuranone
ring, azido group, and nitro group, which is indicative of the electron acceptor capacity of the compounds. Results obtained
from this study will be useful in the efficient design and development of more active noscapinoids. 相似文献
14.
Waldina P. Reyes-Velázquez Rosa M. Figueroa-Gómez Mauricio Barberis María Marta Reynoso Federico G. A. Rojo Sofía N. Chulze Adriana M. Torres 《Mycotoxin Research》2011,27(3):187-194
Fusarium species can produce fumonisins (FBs), fusaric acid, beauvericin (BEA), fusaproliferin (FUS) and moniliformin. Data on the
natural occurrence of FBs have been widely reported, but information on BEA and FUS in maize is limited. The aims of this
study were to establish the occurrence of Fusarium species in different maize hybrids in Mexico, to determine the ability of Fusarium spp. isolates to produce BEA, FUS and FBs and their natural occurrence in maize. Twenty-eight samples corresponding to seven
different maize hybrids were analyzed for mycobiota and natural mycotoxin contamination by LC. Fusarium verticillioides was the dominant species (44–80%) followed by F. subglutinans (13–37%) and F. proliferatum (2–16%). Beauvericin was detected in three different hybrids with levels ranging from 300 to 400 ng g−1, while only one hybrid was contaminated with FUS (200 ng g−1). All samples were positive for FB1 and FB2 contamination showing levels up to 606 and 277 ng g−1, respectively. All F. verticillioides isolates were able to produce FB1 (13.8–4,860 μg g−1) and some also produced FB2 and FUS. Beauvericin, FUS, FB1 and FB2 were produced by several isolates including F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans and co-production was observed. This is the first report on the co-occurrence of these toxins in maize samples from Mexico.
The analysis of the presence of multiple mycotoxins in this substrate is necessary to understand the significance of these
compounds in the human and animal food chains. 相似文献
15.
Four species of brown seaweeds, namely Sargassum baccularia, Sargassum binderi, Sargassum siliquosum and Turbinaria conoides, harvested from Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia were analysed for ash content, alginate yield and alginate properties.
Seaweeds calcined at 450°C were found to have low amount of non-combustible residue as these were not contaminated by calcareous
animals. Alginate was extracted from these seaweeds by two methods: hot and cold. In the hot method, the storing time was
3 h and the processing temperature was 50°C, whilst in the cold method, the sample was stored overnight at room temperature.
Higher yield of alginate was obtained by the hot method compared to the cold method, but alginate extracted by the cold method
gave higher molecular weight. In the hot method, 49.9% of alginate was extracted from S. siliquosum, followed by T. conoides (41.4%), S. binderi (38.9%) and S. baccularia (26.7%). Alginate extracted from T. conoides has an average molecular weight, M
w, of 8.06 × 105 g mol−1, whereas alginate from S. siliquosum was the lowest in M
w (4.81 × 105 g mol−1) when the extraction was done at room temperature. Alginate extracted from S. baccularia was found to be very heat-sensitive. Its M
w has dropped more than 83%, from 7.52 × 105 to 1.23 × 105 g mol−1, when the extraction temperature was raised. The effect of heat on the extent of depolymerisation of the alginate molecule
of the other three brown seaweed species was less significant, with decrease in molecular weight ranging between 13% and 16%. 相似文献
16.
Excessive Zn but normal Cu and Mg in the staple food consumed by the people of Chandigarh (Union territory and capital of
Punjab and Haryana States of India) has been considered to be the major risk factor for the prevalence of obesity (33.15%)
and obesity-related diseases in this region. Therefore, in the present investigations, in obesity-related diseases, the status
of these minerals was estimated in their tissues, including hair, nails, and blood serum and urine, and compared with those
of normal subjects. They were grouped as: normal subjects in control Group A, middle-aged diabetics in Group DM, older diabetics in Group DO, and diabetics with osteoarthritis in Group D+ OA, osteoarthritis in Group OA and rheumatoid arthritis in Group RA, respectively.
The results evaluated in the order as: hair Zn, group D+OA>DM>OA>A (control)>RA>DO (p < 0.001); hair Cu, group A (control)>DM>OA>D+OA>DO>RA (p < 0.001); hair Mg, group A (control)>DM>OA>D+OA>RA>DO (p < 0.001, 0.01); hair Mn, group A (control)>RA>OA>D-OA>DM>DO (p < 0.001); nail Zn, group DM>D+OA>OA>A (control)>RA>DO (p < 0.001, 0.05); nail Cu, group A (control)>OA>DM>D+OA>RA>DO (p < 0.001); nail Mg, group A (control)>OA>DM>DO>D+OA >RA (p < 0.001); nail Mn, group A (control) >RA>OA>D+OA>DM>DO (p < 0.01); urine Zn, group DO>DM>D+OA>A (control)>RA>OA (p < 0.01); urine Cu, group RA>D+OA>DO>OA> DM>A (control) (p<0.001); urine Mg, group RA>OA>D+OA>DO>DM>A (control; p < 0.001); urine Mn, group DO>DM>OA>D+OA>RA>A (control; p < 0.001), respectively. The analysis of the mineral status in serum of diabetics further showed their highly significant
rise from lower mean age subgroup to higher mean age subgroup than their control counter parts (p < 0.001, 0.01, and 0.05) with coincident deficiencies of Cu, Mg, and Mn in their tissues. This study would be helpful considering
the status of minerals in these obesity-related diseases depending on the choice of the food consumed to improve the quality
of life and prognosis for the diseases. 相似文献
17.
The release kinetics of four model aroma compounds from coarse (d
32 = 1.0 μm) and fine (d
32 = 0.25 μm) eicosane and hydrogenated palm stearin (HPS) emulsions prepared with either solid or liquid lipid droplets were
measured using a model mouth instrument. For both lipids, the release of aroma compounds from emulsions with solid droplets
was higher than from emulsions with liquid droplets. This difference was greater for less polar aroma compounds. The release
from solid eicosane droplets increased with particle size but no such effect was observed for HPS emulsions, however, the
release from solid eicosane was higher than solid HPS. The initial aroma release profile of the solid droplet emulsion matches
that of a similar liquid oil emulsion but requires much less added aroma.
Meeting presentation: Presented at 98th AOCS Annual Meeting and Expo in Quebec City, Canada. 相似文献
18.
L. Guglielmo G. C. Carrada G. Catalano A. Dell'Anno M. Fabiano L. Lazzara O. Mangoni A. Pusceddu V. Saggiomo 《Polar Biology》2000,23(2):137-146
Studies on the chemical and biological properties of annual pack ice at a coastal station in Terra Nova Bay (74°41.72′S,
164°11.63′E) were carried out during austral spring at 3-day intervals from 5 November to 1 December 1997. Temporal changes
of nutrient concentrations, algal biomasses, taxonomic composition, photosynthetic pigment spectra and P–E relationships were
studied. Quantity, composition and degradation rates of organic matter in the intact sea ice were also investigated. In addition,
microcosm experiments were carried out to evaluate photosynthetic and photo-acclimation processes of the sympagic flora in
relation to different light regimes. High concentrations of ammonia were measured in four ice-cores (weighted mean values
of the cores ranged from 4.3 ± 1.9 μM to 7.2 ± 3.4 μM), whereas nitrate and phosphate displayed high concentrations (up to
35.9 μM and 7.6 μM, respectively) only in the bottom layer (135–145 cm depth). Particulate carbohydrate and protein concentrations
in the intact sea ice ranged from 0.5 to 2.3 mg l−1 and 0.2 to 2.0 mg l−1, respectively, displaying a notable accumulation of organic matter in the bottom colored layer, where bacterial enzymatic
activities also reached the highest values. Aminopeptidase activity was extremely high (up to 19.7 μM l−1 h−1 ± 0.05 in the bottom layer), suggesting a rapid turnover rate of nitrogen–enriched organic compounds (e.g. proteins). By
contrast, bacterial secondary production was low, suggesting that only a very small fraction of mobilized organic matter was
converted into bacterial biomass (<0.01‰). The sympagic autotrophic biomass (in terms of chlorophaeopigments) of the bottom
layer was high, increasing during the sampling period from 680 to 2480 μg l−1. Analyses of pigments performed by HPLC, as well as microscope observations, indicated that diatoms dominated bottom communities.
The most important species were Amphiprora sp. and Nitschia cfr. stellata. Bottom sympagic communities showed an average P
B
max
of 0.12 mgC mg Chl−1 and low photoadaptation index (E
k=18 μE m−2 s−1, E
m=65 μE m−2 s−1). Results of the microcosm experiment also indicated that communities were photo-oxidized when irradiance exceeded 100 μE m−2 s−1. This result suggests that micro- autotrophs inhabiting sea ice might have a minor role in the pelagic algal blooms.
Accepted: 4 August 1999 相似文献
19.
A. Hoque S. M. Rahman S. Arima Y. Takagi 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(3):369-374
Summary Embryonal explants from water chestnut (Trapa japonica Flerov) seeds germinated with high efficiency following a 40-d cold treatment at 5°C on half-strength MS (Murashige and Skoog)
medium supplemented with 2.7 μM N6-benzyladenine (BA), 0.5 μM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 μM gibberellic acid (GA3). Control and chill-treated (different durations) embryonal explants were cultured onto media which contained half-strength
MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of cytokinins [BA, thidiazuron (TDZ), kinetin, zeatin],
auxin (NAA) and GA3. A liquid half-strength MS medium with 1.1 μM BA and 0.5 μM NAA resulted in the best shoot proliferation of control or chill-treated explants, and the addition of 0.5 μM GA3 stimulated axillary shoot elongation. Germination and shoot proliferation were always greater for chill-treated explants
compared with control explants under the same culture conditions. Shoots produced in vitro rooted 100% of the time in a liquid half-strength MS medium with 1.1 μM BA, 0.5 μM NAA and 1.1 μM indole-3-butyric acid, and the regenerated plantlets were established successfully in a water chestnut paddy field. 相似文献
20.
Alessandra de Santana Braga Barbosa Ribeiro Cláudio Carlos da Silva Flávia de Castro Pereira Aliny Pereira de Lima Cesar Augusto Sam Tiago Vilanova-Costa Simone Santos Aguiar Luiz Alfredo Pavanin Aparecido Divino da Cruz Elisângela de Paula Silveira-Lacerda 《Biological trace element research》2009,130(3):249-261
Chemotherapeutic agents play an important role in cancer treatment mostly due their systemic action on human organism allowing
access to liquid tumors and even metastases. Among these drugs, ruthenium compounds have been showing promising results to
treat tumors and represent an important development of new antitumor therapy. This study presents the evaluation of cis-(dichloro)tetraammineruthenium(III) chloride, cis-[RuCl2(NH3)4]Cl, genotoxic effects using human peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured in vitro. Mitotic index (MI), chromosome aberrations
(CA), and DNA damage using the comet assay were analyzed. MI in human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures treated with 1,
10, 100, and 1,000 μg mL−1
cis-[RuCl2(NH3)4]Cl were 5.9%, 4.6%, 3.9%, and 0%, respectively. Doxorubicin chloridate was used as the positive control. CA derived from
1, 10, and 100 μg mL−1 concentrations were defined as spontaneous when compared with the negative control, and at the concentration of 1,000 μg
mL−1, the cell cycle was inhibited (IM = 0%). Results obtained for the comet assay using cis-[RuCl2(NH3)4]Cl suggest that this compound has no genotoxic activity against cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. 相似文献