人工饲养川金丝猴流产死产原因初探

该文对陕西省珍稀野生动物抢救饲养研究中心的川金丝猴,在繁殖过程中流产死产的原因进行了初步探讨,认为在饲养条件下强烈的应激刺激、分娩时脐带缠绕成结或脱垂,迫使胎儿在娩出前即行肺呼吸吸入羊水窒息死亡,和年老带病的雌猴配种是造成流产死产的主要原因.基本上可以排除传染性疾病所致.     

川金丝猴流产和死胎的病理学观察

川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellanae)在各动物园及有关饲养单位饲养过程中,怀孕母猴极易流产,造成繁殖困难,故动物园等单位饲养的金丝猴逐年减少。本文对其8胎次流产胎儿及胎盘和1 只正产胎盘作病理组织学观察比较,以提供对流产原因的分析探讨,现将结果简报如下。材料和方法     

母亲肥胖增加婴儿死亡风险

<正>英国伦敦帝国理工学院的一项新研究显示,母亲在怀孕前或怀孕早期超重或肥胖,会增加流产、死产以及婴儿死亡的风险,其中怀孕过程中严重肥胖的妇女面临的风险最高。研究人员对38项相关医学研究进行分析,这些研究中包括1万多例流产、1.6万例死产、4 300例围产儿死亡(孕满28周的死胎及出生后7 d内的早期新生儿死亡),以及1.1万多例新生儿期死亡(出生后28 d内死亡)。结果发现,即便母亲BMI指数只有轻微增加,也会增加流产、死产及婴儿死亡的风险,其中在严重肥胖的妇女中观察到最大的风险。BMI指数为40的妇女     

湖北猪场猪细小病毒的首次分离与鉴定

猪细小病毒是引起初产母猪繁殖障碍的主要病因之一,许多国家从初产母猪的流产、死产及木乃伊化胎儿中分离到猪细小病毒。我们从湖北省某猪场的初产母猪流产、死产及木乃伊化胎儿中分离到两株病毒。研究表明,它们可在PK15,Hela、BHK及Vero传代细胞系和胎猪肾、婴兔肾等原代细胞上产生特征性的细胞病变:对豚鼠红血球有血凝作用;对脂溶性溶剂不敏感,对热和酸有较强的抗性:对胰蛋白酶处理不受影响。对DNA合成抑制剂5—FVDR敏感。电镜观察发现这两株病毒大小为20nm左右,呈球形。两株病毒能被标准的细小病毒阳性血清中和。回感豚鼠,成功地从死产胎儿胎盘中收获到该病毒。按照国际病毒学分类原则,我们将这两株病毒鉴定为猪细小病毒,填补了湖北猪细小病毒的研究空白。     

实验性兔弓形体免疫复合物(ISCOM)疫苗免疫后的免疫应答

<正>兔弓形体(ToxoPlasma gondii)是引起人和动物严重感染的多宿主寄生虫。在挪威,弓形体病是绵羊流产和死产的主要病因。人类中兔弓形体感染可引起胎儿畸形和新生儿死亡。近几年,由于爱滋病和其它免疫系统损伤性疾病的发现,增加了人弓形体病的重要地位。     

大连市育龄妇女原发风疹感染的血清学调查

风疹是一种常见的传播广泛的急性病毒性传染病。孕妇在怀孕早期一旦感染上风疹,对胎儿有很强的致流产、死产和致畸胎作用。风疹病毒可侵犯胎儿多数器官,抑制细胞繁殖,造成器官发育障碍,常见有先天性白内障、神经性耳聋、先天性心脏病及智力发育不全(头小畸形)等,统称为先天性风疹综合征(CRS),CRS十分可怕,常给家庭和社会带来不可想象的痛苦和负担。     

出生缺陷监测现状及干预概况

<正>出生缺陷是指新生儿在胚胎时期就出现功能、结构或代谢方面的异常。出生缺陷不仅可导致孕妇孕早期流产,还可发生死胎、死产及新生儿死亡等,存活患儿也是社会和家庭的负担。因此应将优生优育真正落到实处,提高我国人口质量,降低出生缺陷发生率。为提高有效的干预措施,作者结合我国目前出生缺陷监测现状及存在的问题综述如下。1出生缺陷监测背景我国的人口出生缺陷高发,出生缺陷发生率为4%~     

人骨髓基质细胞对精原干细胞体外增殖的影响研究

精原干细胞是精子形成的原始细胞,在睾丸组织中的含量极低,而体外有效扩增方法的选择对其移植治疗和抗生育研究十分重要。本实验选用人骨髓基质细胞代替传统饲养层培养人精原干细胞,探讨精原干细胞能否在该饲养层上增殖的可能机制,为人精原干细胞培养提供实验方法和技术指导。骨髓基质饲养层的制备：无菌分离流产5～8月胎儿股骨,     

雌性大熊猫发情期间阴道角化细胞率和发情行为的关系

本文报道1986年1—12月,饲养于卧龙自然保护区的6只雌性大熊猫,在发情期间阴道角化细胞率的变化以及相应的行为变化观察结果。它表明:当熊猫到发情高峰时(自然交配时),角化细胞率可高达97%,而活动量与蹭阴频率均下降;咩叫高峰的出现则是在发情高潮,自然交配时或交配之后。所观察的熊猫中有1只于当年8月顺产1仔,另有1只虽怀孕,但因它原因而流产。     

肠道菌群调控下的Th17/Treg细胞失衡与不明原因复发性流产的相关性研究进展

复发性流产作为困扰育龄期女性的常见病,病理机制十分复杂,其中,约有50%原因不明,为不明原因复发性流产,多与免疫因素相关。Th17与Treg细胞作为CD4⁺ T细胞的重要亚群,是维持妊娠母胎免疫耐受平衡的重要因子。肠道菌群广泛参与机体的内分泌、免疫反应和营养代谢等,近年来作为新兴领域已被许多学者证明与妊娠相关疾病的发生密切相关。研究表明,肠道菌群可以调控Th17/Treg细胞的分化与平衡,而肠道菌群失调则会导致Th17/Treg失衡,进而影响正常妊娠,导致不良的妊娠结局。目前,基于肠道菌群调控下的Th17/Treg细胞失衡与不明原因复发性流产的相关研究较少,现从肠道菌群对Th17/Treg细胞平衡的调节和Th17/Treg细胞失衡导致不明原因复发性流产出发,提出Th17/Treg细胞失衡相关的不明原因复发性流产可能与肠道菌群存在密切联系的假说,为免疫相关不明原因复发性流产的病因学研究和治疗提供新的靶向。

     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism