Population studies ofCavelerius saccharivorus Okajima (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae): Adult dispersal in relation to the density

Summary Two adjacent stations (H and L) were set up to study movement ofC. saccharivorus adults in sugarcane fields. At the beginning of the study the density ofC. saccharivorus including all stages of development was quite different between the two. The density of the first generation adult on Station H was about 5 times that on Station L. The number ofC. saccharivorus on both the stations became almost the same one month after the beginning of the study. At the beginning of the study macropterous adults were more numerous in Station H than in Station L. However percentage of macropterous adults on Station L increased after one month whereas that on Station H declined. About 2,000 marked adults were released on each station during the early period of the emergence of the first generation adult. Marked insects were recaptured on both the stations one month after the release. The adults released on the dense population (H) tended to disperse more actively than those on the scarce population (L). Marked macropterous adults moved more actively than brachypterous ones. The density related dispersal of adults was considered to be an important factor to regulate the population density.     

Population studies ofCavelerius saccharivorus Okajima (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae): Adult dispersal in relation to the density

Two adjacent stations (H and L) were set up to study movement of C. saccharivorus adults in sugarcane fields. At the beginning of the study the density of C. saccharivorus including all stages of development was quite different between the two. The density of the first generation adult on Station H was about 5 times that on Station L. The number of C. saccharivorus on both the stations became almost the same one month after the beginning of the study. At the beginning of the study macropterous adults were more numerous in Station H than in Station L. However percentage of macropterous adults on Station L increased after one month whereas that on Station H declined. About 2,000 marked adults were released on each station during the early period of the emergence of the first generation adult. Marked insects were recaptured on both the stations one month after the release. The adults released on the dense population (H) tended to disperse more actively than those on the scarce population (L). Marked macropterous adults moved more actively than brachypterous ones. The density related dispersal of adults was considered to be an important factor to regulate the population density.     

Proliferation and Propagation of Human Melanocytes in Vitro Are Affected by Donor Age and Anatomical Site

We report the effects of two factors, donor age and anatomical site, on the proliferation and melanization of human melanocytes (MC) derived from (1) neonatal foreskins, (2) adult foreskins, or (3) adult breast or arm skin. Two different growth media have been used for this purpose. Medium I supports the long-term proliferation of neonatal MC, and medium II supports the growth of both neonatal and adult MC. We found that neonatal foreskin MC proliferated equally well in both media for more than 12 passages. However, adult MC behaved differently in the two growth media. In very early passages (passages 1-5), all three types of MC proliferated well and reached comparable final cell densities in medium I, but adult foreskin MC proliferated at a higher rate than neonatal or adult non-foreskin MC in medium II. The non-foreskin adult MC had the least proliferative rate in medium II. Unlike neonatal MC, both adult foreskin and non-foreskin MC underwent a drastic reduction in their proliferative rate after only a few (9-10) passages in culture. While the three types of MC differed in their proliferative rates, they responded similarly to melanogenic stimulation by cholera toxin (CT) and isobutyl methylxanthine (IBMX). These results demonstrate that the proliferation of human MC in standard culture media is affected by the donor age and the anatomical site from which these cells are derived. We conclude that human MC are heterogeneous, and caution must be used in extrapolating the results of studies on MC derived from different anatomical sites or age groups.     

Factors affecting body size variation within a population of an herbivorous lady beetle,Henosepilachna niponica (Lewis)

Size variation in newly-emerged adults was examined in two different local populations of an herbivorous lady beetle, Henosepilachna niponica, for 1976–80. Mean adult size of both sexes changed rather synchronously in the two populations over 5 years. Body size of adult beetles apparently decreased with increasing leaf damage of the plants on which they developed. Adult beetles which emerged late in the season, associated with increasing food deterioration, were smaller than those which emerged early. Ecological consequences of adult size variation is discussed in terms of oviposition site selection.     

Susceptibility to powdery mildew of wheat plants deficient in copper

Summary Wheat plants were grown in deep pots at three levels of copper nutrition in an open-sided glasshouse where they were subject to natural infection by powdery mildew. Plant growth and the degree of infection of each leaf were assessed weekly throughout the life of the plants.During the middle phase of growth especially — from tillering to anthesis — severity of infection of leaves was decreased by increasing the level of copper supply. Stems of copper-deficient plants were also severely infected. In these plants serious disease was sustained until final harvest. The results are discussed in relation to known and speculative roles of copper in plants.     

Studies on the population dynamics of a thistle-feeding lady beetle,Henosepilachna pustulosa (Kôno) in a cool temperate climax forest

Population Ecology -     

成人腹泻轮状病毒的血清流行病学

本文用对流电泳技术进行成人腹泻轮状病毒(ADRV)血清流行病学调查,发现我国大陆、香港及澳大利亚正常人群中,抗ADRV抗体阳性率都在20％以下,而发生过腹泻流行的地区,阳性率高达40％以上。在动物中,抗体反应谱广泛(猪、鸡、鸭、家鼠、大鼠、豚鼠、小鼠)。以猪(36.13％)和家鼠(46.66％)为最高,讨论了成人腹泻轮状病毒动物来源的可能性。     

Studies on the population dynamics of a thistle-feeding lady beetle,Henosepilachna pustulosa (Kôno) in a cool temperature climax forest

1. A field study was carried out on the population dynamics of a thistle-feeding lady beetle, Henosepilachna pustulosa (Kôno ) living in a cool temperature climax forest in northern Kyoto Prefecture, central Japan.
2. Intensive marking, release and recapture program was carried out to estimate the adult population parameters by usingJolly-Seber method.
3. Sampling ratio was around 50%. Marking ratio rapidly rised as the census progressed and approached to 100%.
4. Sex ratio (% ♀) was 63–69% in both overwintered and new adults.
5. Daily survival rate was as high as 0.95 or more and constant throughout the season. Adult longevity in the spring was longer than 40 days.
6. Reproductive rate i. e., the ratio of the number of newly emerged adults in a given generation to that of overwintered adults in the preceding generation, is very small, ranging 1–3, whereas winter survival is higher than 50%, consequently the size of populations in the study area remain in a remarkably constant size and it never reached a level where intraspesific competition occurred.
7. The population characteristics of H. pustulosa are compared with those of the two closely related species, H. vigintioctopunctata and H. vigintioctomaculata, which are the pests of Solanaceous crops. Hp is more K-strategic than the two pest species.

     

成人腹泻轮状病毒ELISA方法的建立和应用

本文通过特异性试验、阻断试验、交叉试验、敏感度试验和重复性试验,建立了成人腹泻轮状病毒一酶联免疫吸附试验法(ADRV—ELISA)。应用此法检测了全国20多个省区202份病人腹泻标本,检出率为91％。采用本ELISA、核酸电泳、电镜三种方法对48份病人腹泻标本进行了双盲法检测比较,结果三种方法的阳性检出率分别为100％、85.4％、56.25％(P<0.05)。实验结果表明,本ELISA应用于检测成人腹泻轮状病毒(ADRV),具有敏感度高。特异性强等优点。     

Localization of neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) immunoreactivity in adult rat tissues

Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) mediates homophilic adhesion between cells and heterophilic adhesion between cells and extracellular matrix in a Ca²⁺-independent manner. N-CAM is widely expressed during development and plays a crucial role in cell division, migration, and differentiation, but its expression is restricted in adults. The distribution of N-CAM immunoreactivity in adult rat tissues was investigated in the present study. N-CAM immunoreactivity was present in the nervous system in the molecular layer of the cerebellum, ependymal cells surrounding the central canal, axons of the white matter, and in Lamina X of the gray matter of the spinal cord. N-CAM immunoreactivity also was found in autonomic nerves. In the digestive system, N-CAM immunoreactivity was found in the stratified squamous epithelium and nerve plexus of the esophagus, glandular cells of the stomach and pylorus, lamina propria, and epithelium of the villi of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. N-CAM immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the secretory cells of the adenohypophysis, islets of Langerhans, and acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas. Alveolar cells of the lung were also N-CAM immunoreactive. In the urinary system, N-CAM immunoreactivity was seen in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. In the male reproductive system, N-CAM immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the nerve plexus around the urethral epithelium and in the nerve fibers around the smooth muscle cells of the corpus cavernosum penis. In the visual system, N-CAM immunoreactivity was seen in the epithelial cells of the corpus ciliaris. Cornea and lens epithelium also showed positive immunoreactivity. Our results suggest that cells in many tissues and organs of the adult rat synthesize N-CAM.     

Population studies ofCavelerius saccharivorus Okajima (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae): A few findings on population interchange

The change in population density of Cavelerius saccharivorus was studied in the sugar cane field and the Miscanthus habitats around it. This species spent 2 (or partly 3) generations a year. It was suggested that the density rose in the sugar cane field where the density had been low enough, when the population density increased in the nearby sugar cane fields. Likely, the density in the Miscanthus habitat increased with the density in the nearby sugar cane field. It seems that these are mainly due to flying movement of adults, and that the movement takes place in every season. It was found through the investigation in the sugar cane field that the percentage of long-winged adults increased with the population density. These adults seemed to emmigrate to the nearby sugar cane fields and Miscanthus habitats. The remarkable increase in the percentage of long-winged adults in the sugar cane field was probably due to the immigration into there. In the Miscanthus habitat the adult population was consisted mainly of long-winged ones. Through all the observations, it was suggested that the adult movement was associated with the population regulation and performed chiefly by long-winged adults.     

成年大鼠体感皮层局限损伤引起的代表区重组

本文目的是探讨在成年大鼠初级体感皮层（ＳＩ）内进行局限损毁能否引起损毁区周围的代表区重组。在氯胺酮麻醉下用微电极技术测定隐神经代表区（ＳＡＲ）和坐骨神经代表区（ＳＣＲ）,然后用铂电极对ＳＡＲ进行选择性电解损毁。三至四周后进行重复测定。结果表明,在１４例所观察的大鼠中,９例在原损毁区以外发现新生的ＳＡＲ,其面积为０．２０±０．０８ｍｍ２。这表明成年大鼠ＳＩ神经元在中枢损伤后具有一定的重组能力。     

Culture of major pelvic ganglion neurons from adult rat

Successful culturing of neurons from adult animals has been historically difficult for a relatively long time. In this study, we reported the development of a novel method for the isolation and the culture of major pelvic ganglion (MPG) neurons from adult rat. The cultured cells were identified by neuron morphology and staining with neuronal marker (neurofilament-200, NF-200). The results demonstrate that the new protocol we used was reliable in obtaining a relatively high yield of MPG neurons. Furthermore, it improves the speed and simplicity in neuronal isolation. The viability of neurons can be maintained for about 2 weeks, which should be sufficient for investigating physiological and pathological processes occurring in mature major pelvic ganglia. And this may provide a useful assessment to currently available techniques for the culture of adult neurons.     

成人胰岛细胞移植25例次临床研究

目的 建立新型成人胰岛细胞分离纯化方法,观察成人胰岛细胞移植的安全性与有效性.方法 对14例1型糖尿病(T1DM)患者进行PFC与UW液双层冷藏胰腺,Liberase酶消化,COBE 2991型专用胰岛细胞分离机分离及连续密度梯度纯化,获取高纯度与高活性的胰岛细胞.采用外科方法,将短期培养的胰岛细胞经门静脉移植到肝脏内...