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1.
The effects of daylength, irradiance and spore settlement density on the growth, maturation and sporophyte production of Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar gametophytes were examined using a factorial experimental design in culture. The growth of Undaria gametophytes increased with increasing daylength (8, 12 and 16 h), but the maximum fertility occurred at a daylength of 12
h followed by 8 and 16 h. Gametophytes grew better at the 16 h daylength under the same mean daily irradiance (MDI) of 20
μmol photons m−2 s−1. However, the fertility was higher at the short daylength (8 h), indicating that the maturation of U. pinnatifida gametophytes is influenced by daylength rather than by the MDI. Vegetative growth and sporophyte production of gametophytes
were better at 60 μmol photons m−2 s−1 than at 30 μmol photons m−2 s−1 under a 8:16 h LD (Light: Dark) cycle, and their growth and maturation were density-dependant in 16 and 12 h daylength, respectively.
These results suggest that the U. pinnatifida gametophytes require a certain amount of light for the growth and reproduction, and intraspecific competition occurred under
the optimal growth and maturation conditions. However, the sporophyte recruits per unit has been enhanced with increasing
spore settlement density at 8 and 12 h daylengths indicating that high settlement density gives a benefit for maintaining
population, even though the sporophyte production of each female plant is inhibited. In conclusion, the vegetative growth,
reproduction and sporophyte production of U. pinnatifida gametophytes are retarded at a low irradiance above growth saturation and a high settlement density, and are determined by
daylength. 相似文献
2.
Introductions of non‐native macroalgae and the subsequent displacement of native species are globally becoming more frequent. The algal genera Undaria, Sargassum, Caulerpa and Codium have been identified as being particularly invasive. An overview on the present knowledge on macroalgal introductions in the Australian region is presented and options for management are discussed, mostly using examples from studies on the introduced Japanese kelp, Undaria pinnatifida. Undaria pinnatifida was first detected in Tasmania, Australia in the early 1980's. Since then, its range has expanded despite eradication efforts. Long distance jumps appear to be the major mode of spread of U. pinnatifida in Tasmania. Studies are underway to distinguish the relative importance of spore dispersal, drift of adult plants and anthropogenic factors in spreading this invasive kelp. Although information on the real impacts of U. pinnatifida and other introduced macroalgae is sparse, the development of management and control strategies is of vital importance to prevent further spread and translocation of these “pest” species. 相似文献
3.
Franciska S. Steinhoff Martin Graeve Christian Wiencke Angela Wulff Kai Bischof 《Polar Biology》2011,34(7):1011-1018
Phlorotannins are considered inter alia to act protective to a variety of stressors, while lipids in spores are known to fuel various metabolic processes during
spore release and settlement. Here, phlorotannin production in zoospores/juvenile gametophytes in relation to lipid metabolism
was investigated for the first time in order to study-related metabolic costs. The experiment was carried out in Ny-?lesund
(Svalbard, Arctic) within the development from spores to juvenile gametophytes of the brown alga Saccharina latissima over 20 days. In the release stage, the total phlorotannin content of single zoospores was 1.5 × 10−7 μg and 1.9 × 10−7 μg in the surrounding medium. Upon release, the total amount of lipids was 1.76 × 10−5 μg lipid zoospore−1 containing the major fatty acids 16:0 and 18:0, 18:1(n-9), 18:2 (n-6), 18:3(n-3), 20:4(n-6), and 20:5(n-3). During development
from spores to gametophytes, a decrease in fatty acids was observed via electron microscopy and a decrease in the fatty acid
18:1(n-9) from 45 to 30% was measured by gas chromatography in particular. While phlorotannin content within the spores remained
stable, phlorotannins accumulated in the surrounding medium of gametophytes to 4.0 × 10−7 μg phlorotannins spore−1 indicating exudation processes. Results obtained support the key and multifunctional role of lipids in zoospore/gametophyte
metabolism and may indicate that gametophytes of S. latissima need approximately 10 days to switch to photo-autotrophic strategies, becoming independent of storage lipids. In addition,
fatty acids might represent an essential energy source to fuel adaptive responses. 相似文献
4.
Schottera nicaeensis (Phyllophoraceae, Gigartinales), presently known only from the western Mediterranean Sea and the northeastern Atlantic coasts of Europe, is reported for the first time from the Melbourne region of Port Phillip Bay in southeastern Australia. The species is perennial in the Bay, although tetrasporophytes and cystocarpic plants are commonest in late spring and early summer. This seasonal pattern, and the vegetative habits of plants during the whole of the year, show similarities to populations described by other workers for Northern Hemisphere localities where comparable water temperature and daylength regimes obtain. The small Australian S. nicaeensis community is found at 5–9 m depths and is concentrated on lighthouse foundations adjacent to the main Port of Melbourne shipping channel. It is hypothesized that the species has recently been introduced into Port Phillip Bay, and a scenario for its possible means of import on ships is suggested. 相似文献
5.
The Australasian burrowing isopod (Sphaeroma quoianum) has been introduced to numerous embayments along the Pacific coast of North America. In some bays, populations of S. quoianum can exceed tens of thousands of individuals m−3 and bioturbation by the isopods can exacerbate shoreline erosion. Within their native range, however, studies recognize S. quoianum primarily as a woodborer. We measured the distribution, prevalence, habitat use, density, and associated fauna of S. quoianum in two bays within the native range [Tamar estuary (Tamar), Tasmania and Port Phillip Bay (PPB), VIC, Australia] and in one
bay where the isopods had been introduced (Coos Bay, OR, USA). Distribution, prevalence, and habitat use were determined from
shoreline surveys. Densities and the associated fauna of S. quoianum were measured in three intertidal substrata (marsh bank, wood, and friable rock). In all embayments, S. quoianum occurred primarily between 5 and 30 salinity and 55−68% of sites harbored isopods. Habitat use varied between embayments.
Distributional patterns suggest salinity is the primary factor that limits the establishment and spread of S. quoianum. Isopod densities in all substrata were greater in Coos Bay than in the Tamar or PPB, although only densities within marsh
banks varied significantly. Similarities in the amount of habitat and food, and the burrow dwelling lifestyle of S. quoianum suggest habitat availability/quality, food levels, predation, and competition are not responsible for the large differences
in density. Lack of parasites or disease in populations of S. quoianum introduced to Coos Bay could be responsible for the prolific densities observed. 相似文献
6.
The ability of ozone gas to reduce food spoilage is relatively well documented, but the developmental effects of the gas on
food spoilage fungi are not well known. In this study two model aspergilli, Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus ochraceus were used to study the effects of ozone on spore germination, sporulation and biomass production. These effects were examined
under three levels of ozone; two high level ozone exposures (200 and 300 μmol mol−1) and one low level exposure (0.2 μmol mol−1). The two species behaved noticeably different to each other. Ozone was more effective in reducing growth from spore inocula
than mycelia. No spore production could be detected in A. nidulans exposed to continuous low level O3, whereas the same treatment reduced spores produced in A. ochraceus by 94%. Overall the work suggests that ozone exposure is an effective method to prevent spread of fungal spores in a food
storage situation. 相似文献
7.
The growth, morphology, alginate yield and composition of Undaria pinnatifidawas studied from March to August in 2000 and 2001 at the northern limit of distribution of the species in Peter the Great
Bay, the Sea of Japan (Russia). The changes in morphology, alginate yield and composition were caused by sporophyte growth
and sporulation. The average rate of biomass change was 2–5% d−1. The highest alginate content (51% d.wt) was obtained from blades, with lower values for sporophylls and midribs. An increase
in alginate content was detected before sporulation. The conditions seem favourable for farming the alga in this region, with
June the optimum month for harvesting.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
Landfast ice algal communities were studied in the strongly riverine-influenced northernmost part of the Baltic Sea, the Bothnian
Bay, during the winter-spring transition of 2004. The under-ice river plume, detected by its low salinity and elevated nutrient
concentrations, was observed only at the station closest to the river mouth. The bottommost ice layer at this station was
formed from the plume water (brine volume 0.71%). This was reflected by the low flagellate-dominated (93%) algal biomass in
the bottom layer, which was one-fifth of the diatom-dominated (74%) surface-layer biomass of 88 μg C l−1. Our results indicate that habitable space plays a controlling role for ice algae in the Bothnian Bay fast ice. Similarly
to the water column in the Bothnian Bay, average dissolved inorganic N:P-ratios in the ice were high, varying between 12 and
265. The integrated chlorophyll a (0.1–2.2 mg m−2) and algal biomass in the ice (1–31 mg C m−2) correlated significantly (Spearman ρ = 0.79), with the highest values being measured close to the river mouth in March and during the melt season in April. Flagellates
<20 μm generally dominated in both the ice and water columns in February–March. In April the main ice-algal biomass was composed
of Melosira arctica and unidentified pennate diatoms, while in the water column Achnanthes taeniata, Scrippsiella hangoei and flagellates dominated. The photosynthetic efficiency (0.003–0.013 (μg C [μg chl a
−1] h−1)(μE m−2s−1)−1) and maximum capacity (0.18–1.11 μg C [μg chl a
−1] h−1) could not always be linked to the algal composition, but in the case of a clear diatom dominance, pennate species showed
to be more dark-adapted than centric diatoms. 相似文献
9.
Kaarel Adamberg Petri-Jaan Lahtvee Kaspar Valgepea Kristo Abner Raivo Vilu 《Antonie van Leeuwenhoek》2009,95(3):219-226
Quasi steady state growth of Lactococcus
lactis IL 1403 was studied in glucose-limited A-stat cultivation experiments with acceleration rates (a) from 0.003 to 0.06 h−2 after initial stabilization of the cultures in chemostat at D = 0.2–0.3 h−1. It was shown that the high limit of quasi steady state growth rate depended on the acceleration rate used—at an acceleration
rate 0.003 h−2 the quasi steady state growth was observed until μ
crit = 0.59 h−1, which is also the μ
max value for the culture. Lower values of μ
crit were observed at higher acceleration rates. The steady state growth of bacteria stabilized at dilution rate 0.2 h−1 was immediately disrupted after initiating acceleration at the highest acceleration rate studied—0.06 h−2. Observation was made that differences [Δ(μ − D)] of the specific growth rates from pre-programmed dilution rates were the lowest using an acceleration rate of 0.003 h−2 (< 4% of preset changing growth rate). The adaptability of cells to follow preprogrammed growth rate was found to decrease
with increasing dilution rate—it was shown that lower acceleration rates should be applied at higher growth rates to maintain
the culture in the quasi steady state. The critical specific growth rate and the biomass yields based on glucose consumption
were higher if the medium contained S
0 = 5 g L−1 glucose instead of S
0 = 10 g L−1. It was assumed that this was due to the inhibitory effect of lactate accumulating at higher concentrations in the latter
cultures. Parallel A-stat experiments at the same acceleration and dilution rates showed good reproducibility—Δ(μ − D) was less than 5%, standard deviations of biomass yields per ATP produced (Y
ATP), and biomass yields per glucose consumed (Y
XS) were less than 15%. 相似文献
10.
Luz Allende Guillermo Tell Horacio Zagarese Ana Torremorell Gonzalo Pérez José Bustingorry Roberto Escaray Irina Izaguirre 《Hydrobiologia》2009,624(1):45-60
Shallow lakes often alternate between two possible states: one clear with submerged macrophytes, and another one turbid, dominated
by phytoplankton. A third type of shallow lakes, the inorganic turbid, result from high contents of suspended inorganic material,
and is characterized by low phytoplankton biomass and macrophytes absence. In our survey, the structure and photosynthetic
properties (based on 14C method) of phytoplankton were related to environmental conditions in these three types of lakes in the Pampa Plain. The
underwater light climate was characterized. Clear-vegetated lakes were more transparent (K
d 4.5–7.7 m−1), had high DOC concentrations (>45 mg l−1), low phytoplankton Chl a (1.6–2.7 μg l−1) dominated by nanoflagellates. Phytoplankton productivity and photosynthetic efficiency (α ~ 0.03 mgC mgChla
−1 h−1 W−1 m2) were relatively low. Inorganic-turbid lakes showed highest K
d values (59.8–61.4 m−1), lowest phytoplankton densities (dominated by Bacillariophyta), and Chl a ranged from 14.6 to 18.3 μg l−1. Phytoplankton-turbid lakes showed, in general, high K
d (4.9–58.5 m−1) due to their high phytoplankton abundances. These lakes exhibited the highest Chl a values (14.2–125.7 μg l−1), and the highest productivities and efficiencies (maximum 0.56 mgC mgChla
−1 h−1 W−1 m2). Autotrophic picoplankton abundance, dominated by ficocianine-rich picocyanobacteria, differed among the shallow lakes independently
of their type (0.086 × 105–41.7 × 105 cells ml−1). This article provides a complete characterization of phytoplankton structure (all size fractions), and primary production
of the three types of lakes from the Pampa Plain, one of the richest areas in shallow lakes from South America.
Handling editor: J. Padisak 相似文献
11.
Bifidobacterium longum grew at 65 L pilot scale of the membrane bioreactor (MBR), externally fitted with ceramic membrane (0.7 m2). Cell mass at the MBR reached 22.18 g L−1 as dry cell weight in 12 h, which is 8.44 times higher than cell mass attained at the vial culture. The growth rate in the
vial culture was μ = 0.385 h− and at the batch culture was μ = 1.13 h− in the exponential period and μ = 0.31 h−1 in the stationary period. In the fed-batch mode was μ = 1.102 h−1 for 6 h with inoculation and declined to μ = 0.456 h−1 with feeding of feed medium. The growth rate at the MBR was μ = 0.134 h−1. The number of viable cells was 6.01 × 1012 cfu L−1 at the batch culture, but increased to 1.15 × 1014 cfu L−1 at the MBR culture. The specific growth rate of viable cell number (colony-forming units per liter, per hour) improved by
6.01 times from the batch to the MBR culture. The wall shear stress mainly generated by the pump, and the membrane incorporated
into the MBR was controlled during the cultivation at the MBR. The viability of B. longum declined to under 10% in the first 2 weeks of the 4-week stability test (40°C) as B. longum was exposed to over wall shear stress 713 Pa, but the viability improved to 30–40% in wall shear stress of 260 Pa or STR
culture. The loss in the cell viability can be saved by managing with wall shear stress during the cultivation at the MBR. 相似文献
12.
Pinus sylvestris L., Abies alba Mill. and Fagus sylvatica L.—the significant forest forming tree species in Europe are important for palaeoecological interpretations based on the
results of pollen analysis of fossil deposits. The potential pollen loading for Pinus sylvestris, Abies alba and Fagus sylvatica was modelled using simulated and actual vegetation maps, measured fall-speed values and pollen productivity estimates from
the literature. The influx of fir pollen drops sharply with distance from the pollen source due to the high fall speed and
moderate pollen productivity. The vast majority of Abies alba pollen is deposited within less than 50 m of the sampling site and a major proportion within 100 m. For beech the corresponding
numbers would be 300 and 1,800 m, and for pine 1,000 and 4,500 m. The observed mean pollen accumulation rate (PAR) values
for Pinus and Fagus were ca. 5,800 and 1,100 grains cm−2 year−1, respectively. In the case of Abies, the mean annual PAR for the whole region is ca. 700 grains cm−2 year−1. In SE Poland the regional signal is represented by PARs of Abies alba <200 grains cm−2 year−1 and of Fagus sylvatica <500 grains cm−2 year−1. The local presence/absence threshold values for Abies alba, Fagus sylvatica and Pinus sylvestris are >1,000 grains cm−2 year−1, >2,000 grains cm−2 year−1 and >3,500 grains cm−2 year−1 respectively. 相似文献
13.
M. Gomathy M. Thangaraju S. Gunasekaran N. O. Gopal 《Indian journal of microbiology》2007,47(3):259-262
Sporulation in Bacillus megaterium var phosphaticum (PB — 1) was induced using modified nutrient media. This modified medium induced sporulation within 36 h. After spore induction
the spores were kept under refrigerated (5°C) and room temperature (32°C) for five months and survival of spores was studied
at 15 days intervals by plating them in nutrient agar medium. It was observed that there was not much variation in the storage
temperature (5°C & 32°C). The spore cells of Bacillus megaterium var phosphaticum (PB — 1) were observed up to five months of storage under refrigerated (5°C) and room temperature (32°C). Regeneration of
spore cells into vegetative cells was studied in tap water, rice gruel, nutrient broth, sterile lignite and sterile water
at different concentrations of spore inoculum. The multiplication of sporulated Bacillus megaterium var phosphaticum culture was fast and reached its maximum (29.5 × 108 cfu ml−1) in nutrient broth containing 5 per cent inoculum level. 相似文献
14.
Porcel ER López JL Ferrón MA Pérez JA Sánchez JL Chisti Y 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》2006,29(1):1-5
The production of biomass and lovastatin by spore-initiated submerged fermentations of Aspergillus terreus ATCC 20542 was shown to depend on the age of the spores used for inoculation. Cultures started from older spores produced significantly higher titers of lovastatin. For example, the lovastatin titer increased by 52% when the spore age at inoculation rose from 9 to 16 days. The lovastatin titer for a spore age of 16 days was 186.5±20.1 mg L−1. The time to sporulation on surface cultures was sensitive to the light exposure history of the fungus and the spore inoculation concentration levels. A light exposure level of 140 μE m−2 s−1 and a spore concentration of 1,320 spore cm−2 produced the greatest extent of sporulation within about 50 h of inoculation. Sporulation was slowed in the dark and with diluted inoculants. A rigorous analysis of the data of statistically designed experiments showed the above observations to be highly reproducible. 相似文献
15.
Chan Sun Park Kyung Yang Park Jae Min Baek Eun Kyoung Hwang 《Journal of applied phycology》2008,20(5):485-490
Infection rates of pinhole disease in farmed Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar were examined between November 2002 and April 2003 at an Undaria farm at Wando on the southwestern coast of Korea. The growth stages of U. pinnatifida can be defined as: a growth phase from December to the end of February, and a decay phase from March to April. There was
a significant increase in the level of infection with pinhole disease (measured as the number of pinholes per cm2) between December and April (P < 0.01). Infection progressed from the upper part of the frond in December to the basal part in April. The infection rate
of pinhole disease in relation to growth phase on farms over time is limited by the harvest of the seaweed crop at the end
of the cultivation period in April. The midrib, sporophyll and stipe showed no signs of infection at any time during the cultivation
period. The reduced physiological activity and tissue aging that occurred over time in the sporophytic life phase is the probable
cause of the increasing infection rate of the disease. 相似文献
16.
Nitrogen content and δ15N (nitrogen stable isotope ratio) were measured in different parts of the sporophyte of Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar from two bays in the northeastern Japan. There were clear differences between the thalli collected in winter
and in summer: high nitrogen content and low average δ15N were observed for the thalli collected in winter, while the opposite pattern was found for the thalli from summer. In addition,
the pattern of internal δ15N distribution in the thallus changed with season. It is possible that the cause for these seasonal differences in the algae
was the seasonal change in environmental conditions, because in winter water is normally rich in nitrogen, while in summer
it is poor. U. pinnatifida sporophyte may be useful as an indicator of nitrogen sources in coastal waters, but consideration must be given to the effect
of isotope fractionation on δ15N of the plant, especially in winter. Potential may exist for the use of different parts of the thallus to indicate nitrogen
sources at different periods, but more investigation is necessary to accomplish this. 相似文献
17.
Various measurements of microbial productivity in streambed pebble biofilms were analyzed almost monthly for 1 year to quantify the importance of primary production as an autochthonous source of organic matter utilized to support heterotrophic bacterial production in the dynamic food web within this natural microbial habitat. Bacterial density varied from 0.3 × 108 to 1.4 × 108 cells cm−2, and chlorophyll a concentration ranged from 0.7 to 25.9 μg cm−2, with no coupled oscillation between seasonal changes in these two parameters. In bottle incubation experiments, the instantaneous bacterial growth rate of bacteria was significantly correlated with their production rate [measured by frequency of dividing cells (FDC)] as follows: ln μ = 0.138FDC − 3.003 (n = 15, r
2 = 0.445, p < 0.001). FDC values in the pebble biofilms increased with fluctuations during the study period, ranging from 3.6% to 9.2%. Bacterial production rates largely fluctuated between 0.15 to 0.92 μg C cm−2 h−1, and its seasonal pattern was similar to that of bacterial density. Net primary production measured between May 2002 to November 2002 attained minimum level (0.5 μg C cm−2 h−1) in June and maximum level (1.9 μg C cm−2 h−1) in August. Percentages of bacterial production to net primary production ranged between 21% and 120%. Because this ratio extends both below and above 100% for these parameters, it is likely that both autochthonous and allochthonous supplies of organic matter are important for production of bacteria in the pebble biofilms that develop in rapidly flowing fresh water streams. 相似文献
18.
Atsushi Nanami 《Ichthyological Research》2011,58(4):310-314
The ornate jobfish Pristipomoides argyrogrammicus is an important lutjanid species for fisheries in the Okinawan region of Japan. The present study estimated the size composition
and reproduction of this species in the waters around Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture. The length–frequency distribution
indicated that males grow larger than females. The fork length (FL; mm)–whole body weight (BW; g) relationship and FL–total
length (TL) relationship were as follows: BW = 1.048 × 10−5 FL3.121 and TL = 1.101 × FL + 2.196, respectively. The main spawning season was estimated as between April and August, since higher
gonadosomatic index (GSI) values were found for both sexes, and matured oocytes were observed in females during these months.
The developmental stage of ovaries correlated with the GSI of females. Fecundity ranged from 9,530 to 98,260 oocytes in fish
of 177.0 to 278.0 mm FL, and the FL–fecundity relationship was as follows: fecundity = 9.525 × 10−8 FL4.903. 相似文献
19.
Teresa Manso Carla Nunes Sara Raposo Maria Emília Lima-Costa 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2010,37(11):1145-1155
Large-scale production has been the major obstacle to the success of many biopesticides. The spreading of microbial biocontrol
agents against postharvest disease, as a safe and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic fungicides, is quite dependent
on their industrial mass production from low-cost raw materials. Considerable interest has been shown in using agricultural
waste products and by-products from food industry as nitrogen and carbon sources. In this work, carob pulp aqueous extracts
were used as carbon source in the production of the biocontrol agent Pantoea agglomerans PBC-1. Optimal sugar extraction was achieved at a solid/liquid ratio of 1:10 (w/v), at 25°C, for 1 h. Batch experiments were
performed in shake flasks, at different concentrations and in stirred reactors at two initial inoculums concentrations, 106 and 107 cfu ml−1. The initial sugar concentration of 5 g l−1 allowed rapid growth (0.16 h−1) and high biomass productivity (0.28 g l−1 h−1) and was chosen as the value for use in stirred reactor experiments. After 22 and 32 h of fermentation the viable population
reached was 3.2 × 109 and 6.2 × 109 cfu ml−1 in the fermenter inoculated at 106 cfu ml−1 and 2.7 × 109 and 6.7 × 109 cfu ml−1 in the bioreactor inoculated at 107 cfu ml−1. A 78% reduction of the pathogen incidence was achieved with PBC-1 at 1 × 108 cfu ml−1, grown in medium with carob extracts, on artificially wounded apples stored after 7 days at 25°C against P. expansum. 相似文献
20.
The study of the isotherms desorption of olive mill wastewater (OMW) was investigated to describe its water activity under
different saturated environments. The microbial biodegradation of OMW during its storage in 5 evaporation ponds located in
Agareb (Sfax-Tunisia) was carried out during the oil-harvesting year held 105 days in 2004. Gravimetric static method using
saturated salt solutions was used and OMW as placed at 30°C and under different water activities ranging from 0.11 to 0.90.
Eight models were taken from the literature to describe experimental desorption isotherms. During storage, the evolution of
physico-chemical parameters including pH, temperature, evaporation, humidity, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand (COD),
biological oxygen demand (BOD) and phenols and three microbiological flora (aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeasts and moulds)
were considered. At 30°C, when relative humidity increased in the experimented ponds of 69, 84 and 90%, the evaporation speed
decreased from 1.24 × 10−5 to 5 × 10−6 cm3 s−1, from 6 × 10−5 to 7 × 10−6 cm3 s−1 and from 5 × 10−6 to 1.1 × 10−7 cm3 s−1 respectively. The desorption isotherm exhibited a sigmoidal curve corresponding to type II, typical of many organic material.
The GAB and Peleg models gave the best fit for describing the relationship between the equilibrium moisture content and water
activity in OMW (R
2 = 0.998). During the storage period, the analysis showed an increase of all the physico-chemical parameters studied, except
phenols and total phosphorus concentrations. The microbiological study showed the predominance of yeasts and moulds and the
decrease of bacteria population after 75 days reflecting both effect of recalcitrant compounds and the water activity on microbial
growth. 相似文献