皱皮木瓜茎段离体培养和快速繁殖

植物名称:皱皮木瓜,又名贴梗海棠(Chaono-meles speciosa) 材料类别:带侧芽的嫩茎段。培养条件:MS为基本培养基。诱导芽伸长及芽分化培养基的组合如下:①MS;②MS BA0.5mg/L(单位下同);③MS BA0.5 IBA3;④MS BA1 NAA0.1;⑤MS KT1 NAA0.1。生根培养基采用1/2MS大量元素及1/2MS培养基,     

文心兰花梗茎段植株再生培养的影响因子研究

应用正交试验设计法研究基本培养基、植物生长调节剂种类及浓度对文心兰花梗茎段芽再生丛生芽诱导、增殖和生根培养的影响。筛选出最佳基本培养基为1/2 MS;最佳诱导培养基为1/2 MS+6-BA 5.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+蔗糖20 g/L;最佳增殖培养基为1/2 MS+6-BA 3.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L;最佳生根培养基为1/2 MS+IBA 0.05 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L+香蕉泥100 g/L+蔗糖20 g/L。     

培养因子对艾西丝南瓜芽增殖及不定根形成的影响

以艾西丝南瓜带芽茎段为外植体,研究了基本培养基、激素、糖、光照、培养基支持物等因子对芽增殖及不定根形成的影响。结果表明：艾西丝南瓜芽增殖的最佳培养条件为：MS+BA 0.5～1.0 mg/L+IAA 0.1～0.5 mg/L+食用白糖30 g/L,芽的月[KG(*9]增殖系数稳定在10左右;不定根诱导的适宜条件是：[KG)]1/2MS＋食用白糖20 g/L,生根率达86%;且自然散射光条件(1000～5000Lx)优于灯光(1000～2000Lx);以脱脂棉作生根培养基支持物效果优于琼脂,其芽增殖系数和生根率分别提高26%和7%。     

不同激素对貼梗海棠嫩茎段离体培养的影响(简报)

贴梗海棠(Chaenomeles speciosa)又名皱皮木瓜,属蔷薇科木瓜属。其花朵硕大,花色猩红,簇生于二年生枝上,先于叶开放,具较高的观赏价值。但国内外尚未见有此树种茎段离体培养的报道。本文试图从快速繁殖的角度探讨不同激素对贴梗海棠芽的增殖、生长及生根过程的影响,为木本花卉植物的快速繁殖提供参考。材料用生长季旺长的嫩梢,切成带1—2个侧芽的茎段作外植体。以MS为基本培养基     

不同生长调节剂对丹参快速繁殖的影响

探讨了丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge)快速繁殖过程中不同生长调节剂的影响.实验表明:MS 6-BA 2.0mg/L NAA 0.05 mg/L是诱导初代培养的芽产生大量丛生芽的最佳培养基,其诱导生芽率为100%;最佳的丛生芽增殖培养基为MS 6-BA 1.0 mg/L NAA 0.01 mg/L,其增殖倍数为15倍;MS 6-BA 0.5～2.0 mg/L是诱导大量不定芽的最佳培养基,其诱导生芽率为100%,最佳的不定芽增殖培养基为MS 6-BA 1.0 mg/L,其增殖倍数为24倍;诱导生根较好的培养基为1/2MS IBA 0.1 mg/L,生根率为98%,移栽成活率为100%.     

大花蕙兰组培快繁技术研究

选用大花蕙兰杂交新品种1053为外植体,采用1/2MS为基本培养基进行大花蕙兰组培快繁技术研究,结果表明：类原球茎诱导的最佳外植体为大花蕙兰鳞茎,培养基最佳激素浓度配比为0.5 mg/L 6-BA＋0.2 mg/L NAA;类原球茎增殖与分化芽最佳激素浓度配比为1.0 mg/L 6-BA＋0.3 mg/L NAA;幼芽增殖的最佳激素浓度配比为2.0 mg/L 6-BA＋0.5 mg/L NAA,最佳有机添加物为150 ml/L椰汁,幼芽增殖正交试验得出影响因素主次顺序：6-BA〉椰汁添加物〉NAA,优组合为2 mg/L 6-BA、0.5 mg/L NAA、添加物椰汁150 ml/L;诱导生根的最佳激素浓度配比为0.3 mg/L IBA＋0.2 mg/L NAA,添加香蕉泥100 g/L对幼苗根生长有显著的促进作用。优化后的大花蕙兰组培快繁技术参数,可为大规模工厂化生产提供参考。     

刺五加组培快繁的研究

以刺五加腋芽为外植体,通过比较不同的基本培养基（WPM、MS、1/2MS、White）和植物生长调节物质（6-BA、NAA、IAA、IBA）的组合对腋芽诱导、增殖及生根的影响,来建立一套高效的离体芽再生体系。试验结果表明,最佳芽再生培养基为WPM+6-BA 1.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L^-1,芽萌发率可达90%;最佳芽增殖培养基为WPM+6-BA 0.5 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.05 mg·L^-1,增殖倍数为4.8;最佳生根培养基为White+IBA 0.5 mg·L^-1+IAA 1.5 mg·L^-1,生根率可达85.2%。     

春石斛丛生芽组培快繁研究

本试验采用正交设计,探讨春石斛组培以丛生芽途径进行快速繁殖的方法。研究主要集中在不同基本培养基类型、不同生长调节剂配比及不同添加物等因素对丛生芽增殖的影响,从中筛选最优技术参数组合,提高丛生芽增殖系数,建立春石斛最优再生体系。结果表明：影响丛生芽增殖的显著因子分别是基本培养基、6-BA、KT;最适宜的培养基配方是1/2 MS + 6-BA 1.0 mg/L + NAA 1.0 mg/L + KT 0.5 mg/L +蔗糖30.0 g/L +琼脂7.0 g/L +椰汁150.0 ml/L,pH 5.4。此外,春石斛丛生芽增殖的外植体以1.5 cm带节茎段、接入密度每瓶3株较适宜。     

强德勒红心柚离体培养与植株再生体系的建立

以强德勒红心柚（Citrus grandis Osbeckcv. Chandler）种子萌发的无菌苗为材料,选取子叶、子叶节段、上胚轴、带芽的茎段进行离体培养研究。结果表明：子叶节段是诱导丛生芽的最佳外植体,诱导率100%;诱导丛生芽的最佳培养基为MS＋6-BA2.0mg/L＋NAA0.05mg/L＋蔗糖30g/L＋活性炭0.4g/L,丛生芽增殖可达11.2倍;最适生根培养基为1/2MS＋NAA0.5mg/L,生根率达100%,移栽15d后成活率100%。     

膀胱果种子离体萌发与植株再生

以膀胱果种子为外植体,通过对基本培养基、生长调节剂配比及移栽基质的筛选,初步建立其离体培养再生体系。结果表明,MS培养基是较适合膀胱果种子萌芽和幼苗生长的基本培养基;诱导下胚轴脱分化成愈伤组织的较佳培养基配方为MS + 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L;顶芽增殖培养的最佳培养基为MS + KT 2.0 mg/L + NAA 0.2 mg/L;芽苗生根的最佳培养基为1/2MS + NAA 1.0 mg/L;以泥炭土作为移栽基质,成活率达70%,且幼苗生长健壮。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism